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  1. PCR-ELISA for the detection of Brugia malayi infection using finger-prick blood
    Rahmah N, Ashikin AN, Anuar AK, Ariff RH, Abdullah B, Chan GT, et al.
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1998 12 16;92(4):404-6.
    PMID: 9850392
    A polymerase chain reaction assay based on the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (PCR-ELISA) has been developed to detect Brugia malayi infection in an area of low endemicity in Malaysia. Blood samples from 239 subjects were tested: 192 amicrofilaraemic individuals, 14 microfilaraemic persons and 3 chronic elephantiasis cases from endemic areas and 30 city-dwellers (non-endemic controls). PCR products were examined by ELISA and Southern hybridization. In the PCR-ELISA, digoxigenin-labelled PCR products were hybridized to a biotin-labelled probe. This was followed by incubation in streptavidin-coated microtitre wells and detection using anti-digoxigenin-peroxidase and ABTS [2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)]. All microfilaraemic samples were positive by PCR-ELISA and Southern hybridization and all samples from non-endemic subjects and chronic elephantiasis patients were negative. The PCR-ELISA detected 12 times as many B. malayi infections as did thick blood film examination. Nineteen of the 194 samples from the endemic area gave positive results by both PCR-ELISA and Southern hybridization, and an additional 5 samples were positive by PCR-ELISA only. The PCR-ELISA was specific and sensitive, detected more infections, and was more reproducible than Southern hybridization.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Specimen Collection
  2. Fulltext Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: Malaysian haemato-oncological paediatric case series
    Choong, Yi Fong, Chaw, Su Hlaing, Aye, Aye Mya Min, Chee, Geap Tay, Lai, Choo Ong, Hany Ariffin
    Neurology Asia, 2015;20(3):275-281.
    MyJurnal
    Background & Objective: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is associated with
    immunosuppressive agents used in children with haemato-oncological diseases. There are no reports
    to date from the South Asia and South East Asia region. We report a Malaysian tertiary centre case
    series of children with haemato-oncological disease who developed PRES. Methods: Retrospective
    study of children seen with haemato-oncology diseases seen at the University Malaya Medical Centre
    Kuala Lumpur who developed PRES from 2011 – 2013. Clinical details were obtained from medical
    records and brain neuroimaging was reviewed. Results: Five patients met the inclusion criteria. All
    5 patients had significant hypertension acutely or subacutely prior to neurology presentation. Four
    presented with acute seizures and the remainder 1 presented with encephalopathy.Three patients
    were on chemotherapy, 1 had renal impairment and 1 had prior immunosupression for bone marrow
    transplantation. A full recovery was seen in 4 patients and 1 patient had mild residual quadriplegia.
    Conclusion: Our case series expands the clinico-radiological spectrum of PRES in children with
    underlying haemato-oncological disorders. It is the first to show that prior cyclosporin intake as long
    as 2 months is a potential risk factor for PRES. Clinicians need to be vigilant for development of
    PRES and closely monitor the blood pressure in these children who are receiving or recently had
    immunosuppressive drugs and present with acute neurological symptoms.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure
  3. Fulltext The modulatory effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on endogenous antioxidant systems and inflammatory markers in an acetaminophen-induced nephrotoxic mice model
    Karthivashan G, Kura AU, Arulselvan P, Md Isa N, Fakurazi S
    PeerJ, 2016;4:e2127.
    PMID: 27441110 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2127
    N-Acetyl-p-Aminophenol (APAP), also known as acetaminophen, is the most commonly used over-the counter analgesic and antipyretic medication. However, its overdose leads to both liver and kidney damage. APAP-induced toxicity is considered as one of the primary causes of acute liver failure; numerous scientific reports have focused majorly on APAP hepatotoxicity. Alternatively, not many works approach APAP nephrotoxicity focusing on both its mechanisms of action and therapeutic exploration. Moringa oleifera (MO) is pervasive in nature, is reported to possess a surplus amount of nutrients, and is enriched with several bioactive candidates including trace elements that act as curatives for various clinical conditions. In this study, we evaluated the nephro-protective potential of MO leaf extract against APAP nephrotoxicity in male Balb/c mice. A single-dose acute oral toxicity design was implemented in this study. Group 2, 3, 4 and 5 received a toxic dose of APAP (400 mg/kg of bw, i.p) and after an hour, these groups were administered with saline (10 mL/kg), silymarin-positive control (100 mg/kg of bw, i.p), MO leaf extract (100 mg/kg of bw, i.p), and MO leaf extract (200 mg/kg bw, i.p) respectively. Group 1 was administered saline (10 mL/kg) during both the sessions. APAP-treated mice exhibited a significant elevation of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, sodium, potassium and chloride levels. A remarkable depletion of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT and GSH-Px with elevated MDA levels has been observed in APAP treated kidney tissues. They also exhibited a significant rise in pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) and decreased anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokine level in the kidney tissues. Disorganized glomerulus and dilated tubules with inflammatory cell infiltration were clearly observed in the histology of APAP treated mice kidneys. All these pathological changes were reversed in a dose-dependent manner after MO leaf extract treatment. Therefore, MO leaf extract has demonstrated some therapeutic effectiveness against APAP-induced nephrotoxicity through enhancement of the endogenous antioxidant system and a modulatory effect on specific inflammatory cytokines in kidney tissues.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Urea Nitrogen
  4. Fulltext Effect of Atorvastatin on the Disease Activity and Severity of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
    Mowla K, Rajai E, Ghorbani A, Dargahi-Malamir M, Bahadoram M, Mohammadi S
    J Clin Diagn Res, 2016 May;10(5):OC32-6.
    PMID: 27437268 DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2016/16538.7814
    INTRODUCTION:
    HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3- methylglutary lcoenzyme A) reductase inhibitors (statins) have anti-inflammatory properties which may be particularly useful in rheumatoid arthritis to suppress disease activity and inflammatory factors.

    AIM:
    The purpose of this clinical trial was to determine anti-inflammatory properties of statins in rheumatoid arthritis.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS:
    Eighty Iranian patients with rheumatoid arthritis, aged between 19 to 75 years were recruited to take part in this randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Subjects were randomly allocated to two groups to take atorvastatin or placebo 40 mg daily as an adjunct to current disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) treatment. Disease Activity Score-28 (DAS28), C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), swollen joint count (SJC) & tender joint count (TJC) were assessed before and after three months intervention.

    RESULTS:
    Analysis was based on intention to treat. DAS28 significantly declined in the atorvastatin group in comparison with placebo (p< 0.001). SJC, TJC, CRP and ESR also were significantly dropped in the atorvastatin group in comparison with placebo.

    CONCLUSION:
    It can be concluded that atorvastatin can suppress RA activity and inflmmatory factors in RA patients for high to moderate grade of inflmmation.

    KEYWORDS:
    Anti-inflammatory agents; Erythrocyte sedimentation rate; HMG-CoA; Swollen joint count; Tender joint count
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Sedimentation
  5. Fulltext Sub-chronic testosterone treatment increases the levels of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC)-α, β and γ in the kidney of orchidectomized adult male Sprague-Dawley rats
    Loh SY, Giribabu N, Salleh N
    PeerJ, 2016;4:e2145.
    PMID: 27413634 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2145
    Testosterone has been reported to cause blood pressure to increase. However mechanisms that underlie the effect of this hormone on this physiological parameter are currently not well understood. The aims of this study were to investigate effects of testosterone on expression of α, β and γ-epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) proteins and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in kidneys, the channel known to be involved in Na(+) reabsorption, which subsequently can affect the blood pressure. Methods. Adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were orchidectomized fourteen days prior to receiving seven days treatment with testosterone propionate (125 µg/kg/day or 250 µg/kg/day) with or without flutamide (androgen receptor blocker) or finasteride (5α-reductase inhibitor). Following sacrifice, the kidneys were removed and were subjected for α, β and γ-ENaC protein and mRNA expression analyses by Western blotting and Real-time PCR (qPCR) respectively. The distribution of α, β and γ-ENaC proteins in kidneys were observed by immunofluorescence. Results. The α, β and γ-ENaC proteins and mRNA levels in kidneys were enhanced in rats which received testosterone-only treatment. In these rats, α, β and γ-ENaC proteins were distributed in the distal tubules and collecting ducts of the nephrons. Co-treatment with flutamide or finasteride resulted in the levels of α, β and γ-ENaC proteins and mRNAs in kidneys to decrease. In conclusions, increases in α, β and γ-ENaC protein and mRNA levels in kidneys mainly in the distal tubules and collecting ducts under testosterone influence might lead to enhance Na(+) reabsorption which subsequently might cause an increase in blood pressure.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure
  6. Fulltext Safety assessment of a new developed fruit juice product - mixed fruit Juice in experimental rats
    Hadijah, H., Norazlanshah, H., Muhammad, I., Roowi, S.
    International Food Research Journal, 2015;22(6):2657-2663.
    MyJurnal
    The interest in dietary antioxidants which are mainly found in fruits, has prompted research in
    the field of commercial high antioxidant juice for healthy purposes. Fruits also are rich with antioxidants that help in reducing of degenerative diseases such as cancer, arthritis, cardiovascular
    disease and inflammation. Based on the health claims from the natural antioxidants, a new healthy juice called Mixed Fruit Juice (MFJ) has been developed by using three combinations of local fruits (soursop, mango and kasturi lime). In order to promote the commercial use of this product, the safety evaluation is needed to be carried out. The 28-days repeated toxicity test has been conducted in female and male rats for pre-clinical safety assessment prior to human study. There was no mortality observed when varying doses of the MFJ (5, 10 and 20%) administered to all rats. Hematological analysis showed no significant differences in most parameters examined. There were no significant changes observed in the liver and kidney functions tests of all treated-rats as compared to control normal rats. Furthermore, lipid profiles and blood glucose level were also within the normal range as noted in control rats. The present data demonstrate that the supplementation of MFJ did not produce adverse effects on the body system of experimental rats. This is the first documented report on the safety assessment of
    MFJ in rats.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose
  7. Sequence diversity and positive selection at the Duffy-binding protein genes of Plasmodium knowlesi and P. cynomolgi: Analysis of the complete coding sequences of Thai isolates
    Putaporntip C, Kuamsab N, Jongwutiwes S
    Infect Genet Evol, 2016 Oct;44:367-375.
    PMID: 27480919 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.07.040
    Plasmodium knowlesi and P. cynomolgi are simian malaria parasites capable of causing symptomatic human infections. The interaction between the Duffy binding protein alpha on P. knowlesi merozoite and the Duffy-antigen receptor for chemokine (DARC) on human and macaque erythrocyte membrane is prerequisite for establishment of blood stage infection whereas DARC is not required for erythrocyte invasion by P. cynomolgi. To gain insights into the evolution of the PkDBP gene family comprising PkDBPα, PkDBPβ and PkDBPγ, and a member of the DBP gene family of P. cynomolgi (PcyDBP1), the complete coding sequences of these genes were analyzed from Thai field isolates and compared with the publicly available DBP sequences of P. vivax (PvDBP). The complete coding sequences of PkDBPα (n=11), PkDBPβ (n=11), PkDBPγ (n=10) and PcyDBP1 (n=11) were obtained from direct sequencing of the PCR products. Nucleotide diversity of DBP is highly variable across malaria species. PcyDBP1 displayed the greatest level of nucleotide diversity while all PkDBP gene members exhibited comparable levels of diversity. Positive selection occurred in domains I, II and IV of PvDBP and in domain V of PcyDBP1. Although deviation from neutrality was not detected in domain II of PkDBPα, a signature of positive selection was identified in the putative DARC binding site in this domain. The DBP gene families seem to have arisen following the model of concerted evolution because paralogs rather than orthologs are clustered in the phylogenetic tree. The presence of identical or closely related repeats exclusive for the PkDBP gene family suggests that duplication of gene members postdated their divergence from the ancestral PcyDBP and PvDBP lineages. Intragenic recombination was detected in all DBP genes of these malaria species. Despite the limited number of isolates, P. knowlesi from Thailand shared phylogenetically related domain II sequences of both PkDBPα and PkDBPγ with those from Peninsular Malaysia, consistent with their geographic proximity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Duffy Blood-Group System
  8. Influence of stenosis on hemodynamic parameters in the realistic left coronary artery under hyperemic conditions
    Kamangar S, Badruddin IA, Badarudin A, Nik-Ghazali N, Govindaraju K, Salman Ahmed NJ, et al.
    Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin, 2017 Mar;20(4):365-372.
    PMID: 27612619 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2016.1233402
    The current study investigates the hyperemic flow effects on heamodynamics parameters such as velocity, wall shear stress in 3D coronary artery models with and without stenosis. The hyperemic flow is used to evaluate the functional significance of stenosis in the current era. Patients CT scan data of having healthy and coronary artery disease was chosen for the reconstruction of 3D coronary artery models. The diseased 3D models of coronary artery shows a narrowing of >50% lumen area. Computational fluid dynamics was performed to simulate the hyperemic flow condition. The results showed that the recirculation zone was observed immediate to the stenosis and highest wall shear stress was observed across the stenosis. The decrease in pressure was found downstream to the stenosis as compared to the coronary artery without stenosis. Our analysis provides an insight into the distribution of wall shear stress and pressure drop, thus improving our understanding of hyperemic flow effect under both conditions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Flow Velocity
  9. Fulltext Profiles and Factors Associated with Poor Glycemic Control Among Inpatients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 as a Primary Diagnosis in a Teaching Hospital
    Ismail A, Suddin LS, Sulong S, Ahmed Z, Kamaruddin NA, Sukor N
    Indian J Community Med, 2016 7 8;41(3):208-12.
    PMID: 27385874 DOI: 10.4103/0970-0218.183590
    CONTEXT: Diabetes mellitus is a growing health problem in most countries. In Malaysia, there was an increase in prevalence over the years. This makes diabetes also a growing concern in Malaysia, which warrants strengthening of the prevention and control programme.

    AIMS: This paper aims to describe the profiles of diabetes mellitus type 2 in tertiary setting and to identify the risk factors for high level of HbA1c among the study population. The findings will give a glimpse on current status of diabetes in our country and may reflect the achievement of the country in combating this disease.

    SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was conducted in UKM Medical Centre.

    METHODS AND MATERIAL: Medical records of patient with E11 ICD-10 code were collected using Case Report Form.

    STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Descriptive analysis done of mean and median while test of association were done using Spearman correlation and logistic regression.

    RESULTS: The results showed that majority of inpatients of DMT2 showed mean age of 58.8 + 12.6 years and most were males (56.7%) with secondary level of education (41.7%). Median duration of disease was 12.0 + 11.0 years with median HbA1c level of 8.9 ± 4.4%. Only small proportion of patients achieved the desired level of HbA1c <6.5% (21.3%) and significant association was found with tertiary level of education [AOR = 0.10, 95%CI = 0.01-0.96] and with type of anti-diabetic therapy [AOR = 15.90, 95%CI=1;2.03-124.30].

    CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, diabetes mellitus type 2 inpatients still showed unsatisfactory glycemic control and holistic approach using health education should be advocated continuously in the future in view of education being one of the predictors for the good HbA1c outcome.

    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose
  10. Fulltext Deadly intracranial bleed in patients with dengue fever: A series of nine patients and review of literature
    Sam JE, Gee TS, Nasser AW
    J Neurosci Rural Pract, 2016 7 2;7(3):423-34.
    PMID: 27365962 DOI: 10.4103/0976-3147.182777
    INTRODUCTION: Dengue fever is a global pandemic threat with increasing incidence. To date, there are no cures and the effectiveness of dengue vaccines is still uncertain. World Heath Organization introduced expanded dengue syndrome to include unusual presentations of dengue fever including severe neurologic complications. One of the deadly complications is intracranial hemorrhage (ICH).

    METHODOLOGY: We collected data of patients with ICH diagnosed via a plain computed tomography of the brain (CT brain) with thrombocytopenia and positive Dengue virus type 1 nonstructural protein (NS1) antigen test or positive dengue serology IgM from January 2014 till June 2015 at our center. Nine patients were included and all 20 other remaining patients reported in literature so far are discussed.

    DISCUSSION: We found that all patients in our center requiring neurosurgical intervention died. Another interesting observation is that detection of Dengue IgG usually meant more severe ICH and poorer outcomes. From our series, platelet levels did not seem to influence the outcome.

    CONCLUSION: We recommend that for early detection of ICH, Dengue IgG should be routinely screened and a high index of suspicion be maintained. Future research should be focused on determining predictors of ICH in patients with dengue fever so that preventive steps can be taken as mortality is high and no treatment seems beneficial at the moment once severe ICH occurs.

    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Platelets
  11. Simultaneous bypass grafting of the superior vena cava and intrathoracic biopsy in fulminant superior vena caval syndrome
    Majid AA
    J R Coll Surg Edinb, 1991 Dec;36(6):406-8.
    PMID: 1774712
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Vessel Prosthesis
  12. Fulltext The Mentakab Hypertension Study Project. Part III--Detection of hypertension in the outpatient department
    Lim TO, Ngah BA
    Singapore Med J, 1991 Oct;32(5):338-41.
    PMID: 1788580
    Undetected hypertension is an obstacle to effective blood pressure control in the community. A study was done to assess the justification of screening in the outpatient department. Only 13% of all visits to the outpatient department resulted in an attempt to detect hypertension. The common reasons leading to blood pressure measurement were headache and dizziness. Current practice of hypertension detection appeared inadequate and irrational. Nine per cent of all visits to the outpatient department were already accounted for by hypertensives. A screening survey found that 30% of all non-hypertensive patients attending outpatient department aged 30 years or more had blood pressure greater than or equal to 140/90 mmHg. The drop out rate among these newly diagnosed hypertensives was 100%. Existing resources are already inadequate and existing hypertension care has also been shown to be inadequate. Screening can only be expected to considerably increase hypertensive patient load without however any assurance that effective long term care can be delivered. Labelling people as hypertensives in this manner may be harmful. The question of screening cannot be considered individually, separate from the entire problem of hypertension control. Detection must be linked to treatment in a programme designed to promote compliance and capable of delivering adequate care before it can be justified.

    Study site: Outpatient clinic, hospital mentakab
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure
  13. Malays with thalassaemia in West Malaysia
    George E, Khuziah R
    Trop Geogr Med, 1984 Jun;36(2):123-5.
    PMID: 6332395
    Hereditary haemolytic anaemias have been found to be a significant cause of haemolytic disease in West Malaysia. This paper reports a micromapping study of 916 healthy Malay males from June to August 1983 to determine the distribution of the relevant thalassaemia genes in West Malaysia. Beta thalassaemia trait was found in 2.18%, HbE 3.49% and alpha thal2 (alpha+) trait in 26%. Of the sixteen transfusion dependant Malay thalassaemic patients at the Paediatric Unit, National University of Malaysia, eight patients had HbE beta thalassaemia and the rest are beta thalassaemia major; these patients who are transfusion dependant receive inadequate treatment. Prevention is the only resort.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Transfusion
  14. Factor VII deficiency in an East Indian family
    Lopez CG, Thiruselvam A, Hutton RA
    Clin Lab Haematol, 1982;4(4):411-5.
    PMID: 7166027 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2257.1982.tb00486.x
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Coagulation Tests
  15. Fulltext Early warning of fetal compromise--absent end diastolic flow?
    Neoh HS, Kumarasamy S, Raman S
    Med J Malaysia, 1990 Mar;45(1):37-41.
    PMID: 2152067
    This report deals with the use of a relatively new investigative technique (Doppler ultrasound) in the management of a case of early onset pre-eclampsia and discusses the benefit of this new technique over conventional methods of fetal monitoring.
    Matched MeSH terms: Regional Blood Flow
  16. Genetic evidence of gene flow from Indians to Malays
    Teng YS, Tan SG
    Jinrui Idengaku Zasshi, 1979 Mar;24(1):1-8.
    PMID: 110968
    Matched MeSH terms: Rh-Hr Blood-Group System
  17. Protein variation and systematics of three subgenera of Malayan rats (Rodentia: Muridae, genus Rattus Fischer)
    Chan KL, Dhaliwal SS, Yong HS
    Comp. Biochem. Physiol., B, 1979;64(4):329-37.
    PMID: 318313
    1. Nine erythrocyte proteins coded by a separate locus each were analysed in and among seven Malayan species of Rattus belonging to three subgenera. 2. Electrophoretic data obtained confirm the specific status of the seven taxa and divide the seven species into three groups which correspond with Ellerman's (1949) subgenera Stenomys, Maxomys and Leopoldamys. 3. A comparative study together with 11 other species of Malayan Rattus previously analysed show that, with few exceptions, the overall relationships among the 18 species based on electrophoretic data correspond well with conclusions based on morphological evidence. 4. Malayan species of Rattus are relatively very diverse genetically (S = 0.27, range 0.01-0.94).
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Protein Electrophoresis
  18. Cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis: a diagnostic dilemma
    Cheah PL, Looi LM, Tan PE, Bosco J, Kuperan P
    Hematol Oncol, 1992 Nov-Dec;10(6):331-7.
    PMID: 1296933
    Cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis (CHP) is a recently recognized entity that frequently poses a perplexing diagnostic problem. Although the classical case presents with a relapsing fever, subcutaneous nodules, pancytopenia and liver dysfunction, most patients have in addition a multitude of other manifestations which confuse the clinical picture. Notwithstanding the variable clinical course, the disease frequently terminates in fatal hemorrhage. Diagnosis is based on histological features. A lobular panniculitis with an infiltrate of cytologically benign cytophagocytic histiocytes in skin nodules is the sine qua non of CHP. Hence, a deep skin biopsy which includes subcutaneous fat is mandatory to establish the diagnosis. Published information regarding this newly described entity remains scarce and we report two cases of CHP, one occurring in a 30-year-old Kadazan man and another in a 17-year-old Chinese woman seen at the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur. The latter case presented with exudative ascites, an unusual feature, possibly due to intra-abdominal panniculitis. In addition, we record the development of cirrhosis in the same patient.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Cell Count
  19. A characteristic continuous wave Doppler signal in cor triatriatum?
    Alwi M, Hamid ZA, Zambahari R
    Br Heart J, 1992 Jul;68(1):6-8.
    PMID: 1515294
    Continuous wave Doppler recordings of the turbulent jet through the restrictive orifice of a left atrial partition in a patient with corrected transposition of the great arteries and cor triatriatum showed alternate bands of high intensity diastolic and low intensity systolic signals with preservation of the normal configuration of the diastolic E and A peaks. It is thought that Doppler studies in cor triatriatum will provide useful complementary haemodynamic information in the echocardiographic diagnosis of this anomaly.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Flow Velocity
  20. Fulltext Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in metabolic syndrome patients in serdang hospital: quantification by contrast-enhanced computed tomography
    Subapriya Suppiah, Lee, Roy-Ming Chow, Nor Sharmin Sazali, Hasyma Abu Hassan
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2016;12(1):9-18.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is one of the end organ damage detected
    in patients having metabolic syndrome X and it can lead to chronic liver failure. Therefore, it is
    important to be able to assess the condition in a quantifiable manner to help clinicians recognize
    and treat this disease. Objective: We aimed to determine the prevalence of NAFLD in patients with
    metabolic syndrome in Serdang Hospital, Malaysia using contrast-enhanced multidetector computed
    tomography (CECT) abdominal scan. The study also aimed to calculate the quantification of NAFLD
    using liver to spleen density CT Hounsfield Unit ratio, CTL/S or CTL/S measurement using abdominal
    CECT scans. Furthermore, we aimed to verify the correlation of dyslipidemia with NAFLD based on
    the CTL/S parameter. Materials and Method: We conducted a cross-sectional retrospective study in
    Hospital Serdang, Malaysia using data from January 2012 to December 2013. The sample size was 279
    patients with metabolic syndrome who had undergone CECT abdominal scan. Patient demographics
    were descriptively analysed. Spearman’s correlation test was used to look for association among lipid
    profile, blood sugar level and CTL/S ratio. Results: The prevalence of NAFLD in metabolic syndrome
    patients in our population was 82.8%. Prevalence of NAFLD was high among the elderly population (≥
    57 years old). Additionally, Indian ethnics with metabolic syndrome had the highest risk of developing
    NAFLD (90.9%). There was a significant association between elevated LDL levels and CTL/S ratio
    (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Glucose
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