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  1. Fulltext Prevalence of chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus, and association with sleep quality among hemodialysis patients in Pakistan
    Rehman IU, Munib S, Ramadas A, Khan TM
    PLoS One, 2018;13(11):e0207758.
    PMID: 30496235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207758
    BACKGROUND: The prevalence of chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus (CKD-aP) varies from 22% to 84% among patients receiving hemodialysis. It occurs more frequently at night, and often affects patient's sleep quality. CKD-aP is often unreported by patients, and many do not receive effective treatment. There is, however, a paucity of available data on the prevalence and impact of CKD-aP on patients receiving hemodialysis in Pakistan.

    METHODS: A multicenter cross-sectional study was undertaken from July 2016 to April 2017 at a tertiary care hospitals in Pakistan.

    RESULTS: 354 patients undergoing hemodialysis were studied. 35.6% had CKD for 1-2 years, and 42.4% were receiving hemodialysis for 1-2 years. The prevalence of pruritus was 74%. The median [interquartile range] score for pruritus was 10.0 (out of possible 25) [8.0-12.0]; while the median [interquartile range] Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score was 8.0 (out of possible 21) [7.0-10.0]'. Pruritus was significantly correlated with the sleep score (r = 0.423, p<0.001). The results of the multivariate linear regression revealed a positive association between pruritus and age of patients (β = 0.031; 95% CI = 0.002-0.061; p = 0.038) and duration of CKD (β = -0.013; 95% CI = -0.023 --0.003; p = 0.014). Similarly there was a positive association between sleep score and duration of CKD (β = 0.010; 95% CI = 0.002-0.019; p = 0.012) and pruritus (β = 0.143; 95% CI = 0.056-0.230; p = 0.001).

    CONCLUSIONS: Chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus is very common in patients receiving hemodialysis in Pakistan. Pruritus is significantly associated with poor sleep quality.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  2. Fulltext Perceptions of complementary/alternative medicine use and influence on evidence-based asthma medicine adherence in Malaysian children
    Ramdzan SN, Pinnock H, Liew SM, Sukri N, Salim H, Hanafi NS, et al.
    NPJ Prim Care Respir Med, 2019 02 25;29(1):5.
    PMID: 30804340 DOI: 10.1038/s41533-019-0118-x
    Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is widely used especially in Asia including for childhood asthma. The use of CAM could influence adherence to evidence-based (E-B) medicine. We explored the views of carers of Malaysian children with asthma regarding the use of CAM for childhood asthma, and its relationship with self-reported adherence to E-B medicine. We used a screening questionnaire to identify children diagnosed with asthma from seven suburban primary schools in Malaysia. Informed consent was obtained prior to the interviews. We conducted the interviews using a semi-structured topic guide in participants' preferred language (Malay, Mandarin, or Tamil). All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and coded using Nvivo. Analysis was performed thematically, informed by the Necessity-Concerns Framework. A total of 46 carers (16 Malays, 21 Indians, 9 Chinese) contributed to 12 focus groups and one individual interview. We categorised participants' as 'Non-CAM'; 'CAM'; or 'combination' user. Cultural practices and beliefs in the efficacy of CAM resulted in widespread use of CAM. Most carers used CAM as 'complementary' to E-B medicine. Concerns about dependence on or side effects of E-B treatment influenced carers' decisions to rely on CAM as an 'alternative', with an important minority of accounts describing potentially harmful CAM-use. Healthcare professionals should discuss beliefs about the necessity for and concerns about use of both E-B medicine and CAM, and provide balanced information about effectiveness and safety. The aim is to improve adherence to regular E-B preventer medication and prevent delays in seeking medical advice and harmful practices associated with CAM.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  3. Fulltext The prevalence of anxiety among medical students
    Sherina MS, Rampal L, Kaneson N
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2005;1(1):13-20.
    Objective: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of anxiety among medical students at a local university in Malaysia and to identify its associated factors.
    Methods: Across-sectional study design was used. Three-hundred and ninety-six medical students at a local university in Malaysia were included in the study. A pre-tested, modified, self-administered Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) was used to screen for anxiety.
    Results: Three-hundred-and-ninety-six out of 414 medical students participated (response rate 95.7%).38.4% of the medical students were found to have anxiety.
    Conclusion: The overall prevalence of anxiety among medical students was high (38.4%). Factors found to be significantly associated with anxiety were gender, perceived level of pressure, year of study in medical school, ethnicity and depression(p<0.05).
    Keywords: Anxiety, depression, medical students, prevalence
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  4. The Association of Rumination and Perfectionism to Social Anxiety
    Abdollahi A
    Psychiatry, 2019;82(4):345-353.
    PMID: 31112491 DOI: 10.1080/00332747.2019.1608783
    Objective: Evaluative concerns perfectionism is related to both rumination and social anxiety. However, the mediating role of rumination between two types of perfectionism-namely, evaluative concerns perfectionism and personal standards perfectionism-and social anxiety has yet to be studied. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the mediating role of rumination on the association between perfectionism and social anxiety. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 450 Malaysian undergraduate students using self-report questionnaires. Results: Structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that evaluative concerns perfectionism and rumination were significant positive predictors of social anxiety. Multimodel analysis revealed that rumination partially mediated the association between evaluative concerns perfectionism and social anxiety. Conclusions: The results suggested that evaluative concerns perfectionists were more likely to engage in rumination and were consequently more likely to experience social anxiety.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  5. Predictors of Quality of Life among Older People with Mild Cognitive Impairment Attending Urban Primary Care Clinics
    Samy AL, Kamaruzzaman SB, Krishnaswamy S, Low WY
    Clin Gerontol, 2019 05 20;43(4):441-454.
    PMID: 31107185 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2019.1608611
    OBJECTIVES: To study the prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) among older people attending primary care clinics and its predictors of QOL.

    METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted at two primary care clinics in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, recruiting 271 participants by utilizing the universal sampling method. Every patient who attended both the clinics during the study period and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were approached and briefed about the study. Patients who gave consent were recruited as study participants. Information on sociodemographic, medical condition, and lifestyle behaviors were obtained. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to screen for MCI at a score < 23. The World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire was used to evaluate QOL.

    RESULTS: Prevalence of MCI was 27.3%. Lower QOL scores were found in the physical (67.3 ± 1.4), psychological (67.3 ± 1.4), social (66.9 ± 1.6) and environmental (71.3 ± 1.3) domains among participants with MCI. Among them, predictors of QOL were depression in the physical domain, age and stroke in the psychological domain, presence of other types of disorders in the social domain and diabetes and stroke in the environmental domain.

    CONCLUSIONS: MCI was prevalent among study participants and were associated with poorer QOL in all domains of QOL. A better understanding of predictors of QOL in older people with MCI is deemed important.

    CLINICAL IMPLICATION: Routine cognitive screening at primary care clinics will facilitate early recognition of MCI and facilitates referral to memory clinics for further assessment and treatment.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  6. Fulltext Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure at home and at the workplace among non-smokers in Malaysia: Findings from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey 2011
    Lim KH, Lim HL, Teh CH, Kee CC, Heng PP, Cheah YK, et al.
    Tob Induc Dis, 2018;16.
    DOI: 10.18332/tid/95188
    Introduction: Understanding the prevalence of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and the associated factors is beneficial for the formulation of effective measures to reduce exposure to SHS. The purpose of this study was to determine SHS exposure at home and workplace, and its associated factors among non-smoker Malaysian adults. Methods: Data were extracted from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey-Malaysia (GATS-M) that involved a representative sample of 5112 Malaysian adults. Logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the association between SHS exposure, sociodemographic factors, knowledge on the danger of SHS, and smoking restrictions at home and at work among non-smokers. Results: Among non-smoker Malaysians, age ≥15 years, 27.9% (equivalent to approximately 4.21 million non-smokers) and 33.9% (equivalent to approximately 1.37 million non-smokers) reported that they were exposed to SHS at home and the workplace, at least once a month, respectively. Women (AOR=2.12, 95% CI: 1.61.2.78), young individuals (AOR=3.06, 95% CI: 1.48.6.33), Malays (AOR=2.39, 95% CI: 1.56.3.64) or other Bumiputra ethnic groups (AOR=2.40, 95% CI: 1.39.4.19) and those who worked as other than government employees were more likely to report SHS exposure at home (non-government employee: AOR=1.88, 95% CI: 1.06.3.36). Respondents with a total smoking restriction at home did not report any SHS exposure at home. Similarly, those whose workplace had smoking restrictions were less likely to report SHS exposure at the work compared to their counterparts whose workplace had partial (AOR=3.08, 95% CI: 1.84.5.15) or no smoking restrictions (AOR=15.33, 95% CI: 6.75.34.86). Conclusions: A substantial proportion of Malaysian adults were exposed to SHS at home and at work. The findings emphasize the need for policies on smoking restrictions at work and the need to promote the adoption of a completely smoke-free home, among the Malaysian population.
    Study name: Global Adults Tobacco Survey (GATS-2011)
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  7. Fulltext Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) Malaysia
    ISBN: 978-963-3887-72-9
    Citation: Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Ministry of Health, Malaysia, 2012
    Fact sheet: http://moh.gov.my/images/gallery/Report/GATS_Malaysia.pdf
    Datasets: GATS_Malaysia_National_2011_SPSS.zip
    https://nccd.cdc.gov/GTSSDataSurveyResources/Ancillary/DataReports.aspx?CAID=2
    Study name: Global Adults Tobacco Survey (GATS-2011)
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  8. Fulltext Occupational burnout in a sample of geriatric social care professionals in Malaysia
    Rathakrishnan RB, Risalshah L, Swami V
    Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia, 2008;22:83-94.
    The present study was conducted in three old persons' homes located in Kinarut, Sandakan and Tawau, in the state of Sabah (East Malaysia). A total of 59 participants (28 women, 31 men) took part in the study, comprising support staff (administration and nursing) and direct staff (attendants). Participants were instructed to complete a self-reported questionnaire anonymously. The questionnaire consisted of questions on socio-demographic variables, a Bahasa Malaysia (Malay) version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), and scales of job clarity and workload.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  9. Fulltext Normalisation of the International Normalised Ratio (INR) Prior to Interventional Procedure: is it necessary?
    Mohd Tarmizi Mohamad Mahyedin, Afifah Hassan, Abdul Rahim Hussein
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2018;14(201):1-7.
    MyJurnal
    The fresh frozen plasma (FFP) is frequently prescribed either for therapeutic or prophylactic transfusion. The international normalised ratio (INR) value of 1.50 and above is frequently reported to be a transfusion trigger for FFP prior to interventional procedure. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic FFP transfusion in normalising the INR and to determine the post-transfusion outcomes. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study involved 81 patients who received prophylactic FFP transfusion over a period of three months. All demographic, clinical data and outcomes of FFP transfusion were captured and filled in the research proforma. Results: The proportion of patients achieved posttransfusion INR below 1.51 was 30.30% (n=27). The majority of patients underwent the interventional procedures with posttransfusion INR > 1.50 (n=52) without experiencing any bleeding episodes. Overall, FFP transfusion resulted in significant median INR difference from 1.89 (IQR, 0.53) to 1.60 (IQR, 0.25); p< 0.001. The greater median INR difference was observed in group with pretransfusion INR > 2.00 and who received FFP doses between 10.00 to 20.00 ml kg-1 (p < 0.001). The INR difference showed the significant, positive correlation with pretransfusion INR values (rs= 0.83, p < 0.001) and FFP doses (rs= 0.72, p< 0.001). Conclusions: The interventional procedures were safely carried out despite abnormal posttransfusion INR. The prophylactic FFP transfusions could be avoided in patients with mild coagulopathy (INR 1.50 - 2.00) prior interventional procedures.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  10. Fulltext Family functioning, cognitive distortion and resilience among clients of Cure and Care Rehabilitation Centre (CCRC) and Cure and Care Clinic (C&C). [Kefungsian keluarga, pengherotan kognitif dan resilien dalam kalangan klien Cure and Care Rehabilitation Centre (CCRC) dan Klinik Cure and Care (C&C)]
    Zainah AZ, Nasir R, Desa A, Khairudin R, Yusooff F, Mohamed Yusoff SH
    Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia, 2013;27:137-49.
    The process of drug rehabilitation is an important agenda for the National Anti-Drug Agency (NADA). Various efforts have been taken to aid NADA in treating drug addicts. This study focuses on identifying the mental health status and psychological factors to design appropriate treatment strategies. Therefore, this research aims to determine the level of family functioning, cognitive distortion and resilience among clients of CCRC and C&C. A total of 495 clients from these institutions took part in this study. The instruments used were FACES III to measure family functioning, CDS to measure cognitive distortion and Resilience Scale to measure resilience. Results indicate that clients’ family functioning is at a moderate level, clients’ cognitive distortion is at a low level, whilst their resilence is at a high level. This indicates that the rehabilitation programs conducted at the institution had an impact on clients’ resiliency and cognitive distortion.The implications of the study can be attributed to the counseling intervention at NADA.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  11. Fulltext Source and understanding of the concept of 1Malaysia among teenagers: a survey. [Sumber dan kefahaman konsep 1 Malaysia dalam kalangan remaja: Satu kajian tinjauan]
    Desa A, Yusooff F
    Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia, 2014;28:3-11.
    1Malaysia concept was introduced by Datuk Seri Mohd. Najib Tun Razak on April 3, 2009 with the theme, "People First, Achievement Is Priority", 1Malaysia seen as an attempt to foster unity among the various races in Malaysia with 8 important values as the catalyst for social transformation that leads to the growth and well-being of people. This descriptive study was conducted to investigate the source and extent of the understanding of 1Malaysia concept among the three groups of primary school (n = 100), secondary school (n = 100) and university students (n = 98). Data were collected through a survey method with the use of a set of questionnaires and were then analysed with SPSS software. The results showed that the main source of this concept for all three groups of students is through television, followed by the newspaper. For the understanding of the concept, it was found that almost 70% of the respondents do understand some basic aspects related to it. However, there are still aspects which respondents still do not know about. Thus there is a need for the educators to play an important role to explain in detail to the students so that the concept can be understood and appreciated, and that it is not misinterpreted to cause negative impact on race relations in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  12. Psychological distress of first year medical students who underwent two different admission processes during a stressful period
    Muhamad Saiful Bahri Yusoff, Ahmad Fuad Abdul Rahim, Abdul Aziz Baba, Shaiful Bahari Ismail, Hatta Sidi, Ab Rahman Esa
    Sains Malaysiana, 2013;42:423-428.
    The study of medicine is often regarded by students as a stressful environment particularly during examination period. Studies found a high percentage of medical students experience significant psychological distress during the examination period. This study compared percentage and level of psychological distress between two batches of first year medical students who underwent different selection admission processes during a stressful examination period. A comparative
    cross-sectional study was done on two batches of first year medical students; one group selected based on academic merit (2008/2009 batch) and the other selected based on academic merit, psychometric tests and interview (2009/2010 batch). The psychological distress was measured by the 12-item general health questionnaire (GHQ-12). The data were collected right after the final examinations. A total of 99 (46.05%) medical students of the 2008/2009 batch and 196 (100%) medical students of the 2009/2010 batch participated. The percentage of medical students who had psychological distress of the 2008/2009 and the 2009/2010 batches were 58.59% and 42.3%, respectively. The mean GHQ-12 score and percentage of psychological distress were significantly different between the two batches (p< 0.01). The older batch had 2.01 times higher risk for developing psychological distress compared with the newer batch (p< 0.01). The newer batch
    of medical students had better psychological health status and was less likely to develop psychological distress during the stressful period compared with older batch.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  13. Fulltext Tahap keyakinan diri bekas penagih dadah dalam pengawasan di malaysia: ke arah kepulihan menyeluruh (self-esteem among former drug addicts under observation in Malaysia: towards a comprehensive recovery)
    Salina N, Fauziah I, Ezarina Z, Mohd Norahim Mohamed S, Nor Jana S
    Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia, 2017;31:29-39.
    Recovering drug addict is affected by two main factors, namely internal factors (such as resilience and self-confidence) and external (support from families, employers, friends, and community). One of the internal factors that appear to influence the level of recovery of former drug addict is selfconfidence. Therefore this study aims to measure the level of self-confidence among former drug addicts, also known as Orang Kena Pengawasan (OKP) who underwent rehabilitation in 6-11 months and 12-24 months. The study was conducted using cross-sectional surveys. A total of 386 former drug addicts in Peninsular Malaysia were involved in this study with 198 respondents undergoing 6-11 months rehabilitation programme and 197 were respondents who were released within 12-24 months. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics. This analysis was used to measure the level of self-confidence between respondents who underwent the 6-11 months rehabilitation programme (Group 1) and 12-24 months (Group 2). The study found that the majority of both groups showed no signiticant difference in the level of recovery from the aspect of self-confidence. The study also found the majority of respondents of both groups showed a moderate level of confidence of 58.5 percent. However, Group 1 showed a higher percentage of self-confidence (63.5%) compared to Group 2 of (53.8%). The findings have implications for the development of strategies towards a strong self-confidence among the inmates to reduce recidivism rates in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  14. Fulltext Factors contributing towards high-risk situations in drug relapse. [Faktor-faktor penyumbang kecenderungan situasi berisiko tinggi dalam kalangan penagih dadah berulang di Malaysia]
    Hadijah B, Wan Shahrazad Wan S, Fauziah I, Norulhuda Sarnon K
    Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia, 2018;32(2):26-41.
    The scenario of drug addiction is a chain of threats to individual, families and communities. This is shown through the increasing statistics in addiction relapse causing epidemic to communities. The effects of drug relapse affect individual’s health with problems of comorbidity, psychopathology and psychosocial. After 40 years, Malaysia undertook various efforts in treatment and rehabilitation programs, but these efforts do not indicate success. This situation has led to the study of various factors that contribute towards high-risk situations in drug relapse. Hence this study aims to identify intrapersonal factors consisting of motivation to change and coping strategy as mediator of high-risk situations for drug relapse, which include negative emotions, interpersonal conflict and social pressure. This study employed a cross sectional design which utilized questionnaires administered to 600 clients in the Cure & Care Clinic, Malaysia. The questionnaires used were The Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale (SOCRATES), Brief COPE and the tendency of high risk situation for drug relapse scale. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis and PROCESS for SPSS. Results showed significant influences of intrapersonal factors and coping strategies towards high-risk situations for drug relapse. In addition, coping strategy mediated the relationship between motivation to change and the tendency of high-risk situations for drug relapse. These findings should be taken into account in establishing treatment and rehabilitation programs for drug relapse in Malaysia.
    Keywords: motivation to change, coping strategy, addiction relapse, high risk situations, mediator
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  15. Fulltext Relationship of anaemia with cognitive and functional status of elderly in Rembau, Negeri Sembilan. [Hubungan anemia dengan status kognitif dan kefungsian warga tua di Rembau, Negeri Sembilan]
    Aris N, Abdul Rahman S, Shahidan N
    Sains Malaysiana, 2009;38(6):953–958.
    The prevalence of anaemia and nutritional status was evaluated among 88 Malay elderly (20 men and 68 women) aged 60 to 85 years (mean age 69.8 ± 6.0 years) from four villages in Rembau district, Negeri Sembilan. In addition, the relationship between hemoglobin with nutrient intake, cognitive and functional status of the elderly were also investigated. Subjects were interviewed to obtain information on demographic and nutrient intake. Cognitive status was assessed using Elderly Cognitive Assessment Questionnaire (ECAQ) while functional status was measured using Instrumental Activity Daily Living (IADL) and hand grip measurement. Hemoglobin level was determined using HemoCue method. The findings indicated that the prevalence of anaemia was 22.7%. Prevalence of anaemia for male subject was 30.0% with mean of hemoglobin as 11.7 ± 1.0 g/dL while 20.6% of female subject was anaemic with mean of hemoglobin was 11.2 ± 0.5 g/dL. As much as 21.6% of the subjects have cognitive impairment with the prevalence is high in old-old age group (57.9%) compared to the young-old age group (11.6%). Results from functional assessment showed that mean for IADL score as 11 ± 3. The IADL score was lower in old-old age group (9 ± 4) compared to the young-old age group (12 ± 2). For hand grip measurement, overall mean was 16.8 ± 8.7 kg (14.2 ± 8.4 kg for old-old age group and 17.6 ± 8.7 kg for young-old age group). Nutrient analysis showed that the mean calorie intake for men (1310 ± 448 kcal/day) and women (1180 ± 300 kcal) were lower than the RNI. However, only intakes of iron, niacin and vitamin A achieved the Malaysian Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI). Correlation between hemoglobin and nutrients was only showed with calorie intake (r=0.486, p=0.048) and not with other nutrients. Besides that, there was no correlation between hemoglobin with ECAQ and IADL scores but hemoglobin was correlated with hand grip strength (r=0.265, p=0.013). As a conclusion, 22.7% case of anaemia was reported in this study. However, correlations were only formed between hemoglobin with calorie intake and hemoglobin with hand grip. Anaemia in elderly increases the inability of the elderly to live independently.
    Keywords: Anemia; cognitive status; elderly; functional status
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  16. Fulltext Comparing organization and management in private & public primary care clinics in Kinta district
    Chan SC
    Family Physician, 2003;12(2&3):36-40.
    Between 2/10/2000 and 30/1/2001, the organizational structure and management in 4 general practice (GP) clinics & 2 health centers (HC) in Kinta District were studied by 14 Level 4 medical students of Perak College of Medicine. Data collected from work process files and staff interviews / shadowing showed that GPs in the study had more working experience with postgraduate qualifications than HC doctors. All HC nurses but only one GP clinic nurse had formal training. HC organization was more complex with documentation. GP organization was simple and lacked documentation. HC management was by a group while GPs handled all management aspects. This study enhanced students' understanding of Malaysian primary care system.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  17. Fulltext Opportunities for immunization in a paediatric outpatient clinic
    Krishnan R, Chen ST
    Family Physician, 1990;2(2&3):38-40.
    Study site: paediatric clinic, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  18. A serological survey to determine the prevalence of fungal infection in cancer patients at the Hospital Kuala Lumpur
    Cheong I, Tan SC, Wong WH, Zainuddin RH, Yassin MS
    Family Physician, 1994;6:9-11.
    A study was conducted to determine the prevalence of fungal infection in cancer patients warded at the Hospital Kuala Lumpur. There were 138 patients included in the study: 74 with haematological malignancies and 64 with solid tumours. Serological results showed that for candidiasis 16/138 (11.5%) and 10/134 (7.5%) were greater than 1:8 reactive for antigen and antibodies respectively. For aspergillosis, 29/122 (23.8%) sera were antigen reactive. Only 1/133 each (O.SO/o) was reactive for cryptococcal antigen and antibody. The types of malignancies, the age of the patient, a history of neutropenia, the duration of the cancer, the number of courses of chemotherapy or radiotherapy were not predictive of fungal infections. In view of the high serological evidence of fungal infection and the lack of a reliable diagnostic test, empirical antifungal treatment must be considered in all febrile neutropenic cancer patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  19. Reasons for referral to Primary Care Clinics, University Hospital Kuala Lumpur
    Chin CK, Chia YC
    Family Physician, 1992;4:13-16.
    The reasons for referral of 189 patients referred to the Primary Care Out-patient Clinics, University Hospital Kuala Lumpur, were studied. 55.6% of them were from private general practitioners. 51.0% of the referrals were for evaluation of symptoms and 46.5% were for management of diseases. The profile of the referrals helps in curriculum planning of Primary Care Medicine. Other applications of the results are discussed.
    Study site: Primary care clinic, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  20. Prevalence of emotional disorders among adult patients attending a rural primary care clinic
    Fuziah P, Sherina MS, Nor Afiah MZ, Jefferelli SB
    Family Physician, 2005;13:16-19.
    Emotional disorders are common human emotional states that include anxiety, depression, social impairment and somatic symptoms. Emotional disorders are common in the community and therefore an important issue in primary care practice. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of emotional disorders among adults at a rural primary care clinic in Malaysia and to identify the associated factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Klinik Kesihatan Sungai Mati, Muar, Johor from 1st November to 31st December 1998. A self-administered 30-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-30) was used to screen for emotional disorders. Out of 414 patients seen during the study period, 368 fulfilled the selection criteria and agreed to participate in the study (response rate 88.9%). The prevalence of emotional disorders among the adult patients in this study was 15.2%. Factors such as age, race, gender, marital status, education level and employment were analyzed for association with emotional disorders. However, none of these factors were found to be significantly associated with emotional disorders in this study.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
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