METHODS: HFD-fed mice were administered MD (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 150 mg/kg) or 2 mg/kg metformin (positive control) orally for 16 weeks. Normal diet and HFD-fed control groups received normal saline.

RESULTS: MD dose of 50 mg/kg was better than 100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg in significantly reducing weight-gain, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, lipid accumulation in liver and kidney, and improving the serum lipid profile. Lowered protein carbonyls and lipid hydroperoxides in urine and tissue homogenates and elevated reduced glutathione, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) levels in tissue homogenates indicated amelioration of oxidative stress.

METHODS: Mice were intraperitoneally-infected with a mouse-adapted EV-A71 strain and treated with a dose of monoclonal antibody (MAb) daily for 3 days on day 1, 2 and 3 post-infection or for 3 days on 3, 4 and 5 post-infection. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated by signs of infection and survival rate. Histopathology and qPCR analyses were performed on mice sacrificed a day after completing treatment.

RESULTS: In mock-treated mice, CNS infection was established from day 3 post-infection. All mice treated before established CNS infection, survived and recovered completely without CNS infection. All mice treated after established CNS infection survived with mild paralysis, and viral load and antigens/RNA at day 6 post-infection were significantly reduced.