Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 275 in total

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  1. Fulltext Forecasting stock prices changes using long-short term memory neural network with symbolic genetic programming
    Li Q, Kamaruddin N, Yuhaniz SS, Al-Jaifi HAA
    Sci Rep, 2024 Jan 03;14(1):422.
    PMID: 38172568 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50783-0
    This study introduces an augmented Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) neural network architecture, integrating Symbolic Genetic Programming (SGP), with the objective of forecasting cross-sectional price returns across a comprehensive dataset comprising 4500 listed stocks in the Chinese market over the period from 2014 to 2022. Using the S&P Alpha Pool Dataset for China as basic input, this architecture incorporates data augmentation and feature extraction techniques. The result of this study demonstrates significant improvements in Rank Information coefficient (Rank IC) and IC information ratio (ICIR) by 1128% and 5360% respectively when it is applied to fundamental indicators. For technical indicators, the hybrid model achieves a 206% increase in Rank IC and an impressive surge of 2752% in ICIR. Furthermore, the proposed hybrid SGP-LSTM model outperforms major Chinese stock indexes, generating average annualized excess returns of 31.00%, 24.48%, and 16.38% compared to the CSI 300 index, CSI 500 index, and the average portfolio, respectively. These findings highlight the effectiveness of SGP-LSTM model in improving the accuracy of cross-sectional stock return predictions and provide valuable insights for fund managers, traders, and financial analysts.
    Matched MeSH terms: Memory, Short-Term*; Memory, Long-Term
  2. Fulltext Tuning attention based long-short term memory neural networks for Parkinson's disease detection using modified metaheuristics
    Cuk A, Bezdan T, Jovanovic L, Antonijevic M, Stankovic M, Simic V, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2024 Feb 21;14(1):4309.
    PMID: 38383690 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54680-y
    Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressively debilitating neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects the dopaminergic system in the basal ganglia, impacting millions of individuals globally. The clinical manifestations of the disease include resting tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability. Diagnosis relies mainly on clinical evaluation, lacking reliable diagnostic tests and being inherently imprecise and subjective. Early detection of PD is crucial for initiating treatments that, while unable to cure the chronic condition, can enhance the life quality of patients and alleviate symptoms. This study explores the potential of utilizing long-short term memory neural networks (LSTM) with attention mechanisms to detect Parkinson's disease based on dual-task walking test data. Given that the performance of networks is significantly inductance by architecture and training parameter choices, a modified version of the recently introduced crayfish optimization algorithm (COA) is proposed, specifically tailored to the requirements of this investigation. The proposed optimizer is assessed on a publicly accessible real-world clinical gait in Parkinson's disease dataset, and the results demonstrate its promise, achieving an accuracy of 87.4187 % for the best-constructed models.
    Matched MeSH terms: Memory, Short-Term
  3. Changes in auditory memory performance following the use of frequency-modulated system in children with suspected auditory processing disorders
    Umat C, Mukari SZ, Ezan NF, Din NC
    Saudi Med J, 2011 Aug;32(8):818-24.
    PMID: 21858391
    To examine the changes in the short-term auditory memory following the use of frequency-modulated (FM) system in children with suspected auditory processing disorders (APDs), and also to compare the advantages of bilateral over unilateral FM fitting.
    Matched MeSH terms: Memory
  4. Fulltext Protective effect of mangiferin on memory impairment: A systematic review
    Lum PT, Sekar M, Gan SH, Pandy V, Bonam SR
    Saudi J Biol Sci, 2021 Jan;28(1):917-927.
    PMID: 33424383 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.11.037
    Memory impairment (MI) is one of the predominant criteria generally used to identify schizophrenia, dementia and amnesia that are associated with neurodegenerative disorders by evaluating patient's cognitive symptoms. To date, there is no available treatment that can completely mitigate MI. Currently, there is a trend in recent investigations towards symptomatic therapy approaches using a variety of natural compounds. Mangiferin is one of them that have been investigated extensively. Mangiferin is a naturally occurring potent glucoxilxanthone and is mainly isolated from the Mangifera indica (Mango) plant. This review is aimed at providing a comprehensive overview on the efficacy of mangiferin on MI, based on in-vivo animal studies. After screening through articles identified from Scopus and PubMed based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 11 articles between 2009 and 2019 were included. The minimum and maximum dose of mangiferin were 10 and 200 mg/kg respectively and administered over the period of 12-154 days. The results of 11 articles showed that mangiferin effectively improved spatial recognition, episodic aversive events, short- and long-term memories primarily occurring via its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The outcomes of the review revealed that mangiferin improves memory and cognitive impairment in different animal models, indicating that it has potential preventive and therapeutic roles in MI.
    Matched MeSH terms: Memory; Memory Disorders; Memory, Long-Term
  5. Lactobacillus fermentum LAB 9-fermented soymilk with enriched isoflavones and antioxidants improved memory in vivo
    Mohamad Fakri E, Lim S, Musa N, Hazizul Hasan M, Adam A, Ramasamy K
    Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:1289-1297.
    This study examined lactic acid bacteria (LAB)-fermented soymilk for their ability in hydrolyzing glucosides to aglycones
    and corresponding antioxidant capacity and memory enhancing effect. Twelve LAB isolated from Malaysian fermented food
    and milk products were incubated in commercially available soymilk for 48 h. Generally, soymilk supported LAB growth
    and significantly increased (p<0.05) conversion to bioactive aglycone by 2.1-6.5 fold when compared to unfermented
    soymilk. Lactobacillus fermentum LAB 9- fermented soymilk, in particular, was presented with increased total phenolic
    content (+10%) as opposed to unfermented soymilk. Lactobacilli (LAB 10-12)- and pediococci (LAB 5)-fermented soymilk
    elicited maximal DPPH radical-scavenging activity. LAB 1, 7, 8, 9 and 12 exhibited significantly higher (p<0.05) ferrous
    ion chelating activity when compared to control. Interestingly, LAB 9 had significantly improved memory deficit (p<0.05)
    in LPS-challenged mice. LAB-enriched nutritional value of soymilk could be useful against oxidative stress and memory
    deficit.
    Matched MeSH terms: Memory Disorders
  6. Existence of long memory in ozone time series
    Muzirah Musa, Kamarulzaman Ibrahim
    Sains Malaysiana, 2012;41:1367-1376.
    Long-memory is often observed in time series data. The existence of long-memory in a data set implies that the successive data points are strongly correlated i.e. they remain persistent for quite some time. A commonly used approach in modellingthe time series data such as the Box and Jenkins models are no longer appropriate since the assumption of stationary is not satisfied. Thus, the scaling analysis is particularly suitable to be used for identifying the existence of long-memory as well as the extent of persistent data. In this study, an analysis was carried out on the observed daily mean per hour of ozone concentration that were available at six monitoring stations located in the urban areas of Peninsular Malaysia from 1998 to 2006. In order to investigate the existence of long-memory, a preliminary analysis was done based on plots of autocorrelation function (ACF) of the observed data. Scaling analysis involving five methods which included rescaled range, rescaled variance, dispersional, linear and bridge detrending techniques of scaled windowed variance were applied to estimate the hurst coefficient (H) at each station. The results revealed that the ACF plots indicated a slow decay as the number lag increased. Based on the scaling analysis, the estimated H values lay within 0.7 and 0.9, indicating the existence of long-memory in the ozone time series data. In addition, it was also found that the data were persistent for the period of up to 150 days.
    Matched MeSH terms: Memory
  7. Fulltext Motor neurological soft signs among patients with Schizophrenia: a clinical significance
    Hazli Zakaria, Nik Ruzyanei Nik Jaafar, Azlin Baharudin, Normala Ibrahim, Marhani Midin
    Sains Malaysiana, 2013;42(3):381-388.
    Neurological soft signs (NSS) are subtle indicators of brain dysfunction which are present in excess among patients with Schizophrenia. Its clinical significance remains unclear despite extensive researches in this area. The objective of this work was to determine the proportion of schizophrenia patients who have motor NSS and then to compare the clinical features between these two groups; with and without motor NSS. This cross-sectional study which utilized the brief motor scale (BMS) was used to investigate the presence of motor NSS in 80 schizophrenia patients who attended Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMCC) Psychiatric clinic. The diagnosis of schizophrenia was confirmed by mini international neuropsychiatic interview (MINI). Symptomatology and abnormal motor movement were assessed using the brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS) and abnormal involuntary movement scale (AIMS), respectively. A brief battery of cognitive tests covering aspects of attention, working memory and executive function was administered. The bivariate analyses were applied to look for any relationship between the study factors. Majority of schizophrenia patients (68.8%) in this study have motor NSS. The motor NSS were associated with ethnic group, level of education, age of onset, duration of illness and performance in cognitive assessment; verbal fluency, digit span forward, digit span backward
    and trail making B (p<0.05) but not with trail making A. The assessment of motor NSS represents a brief, inexpensive and meaningful tool in assessing the cognitive functions in schizophrenia. It has the potential as an illness marker and a link between neurobiological research and clinical practice.
    Matched MeSH terms: Memory, Short-Term
  8. Improving Pipelined Time Stepping Algorithm for Distributed Memory Multicomputers
    Ng KF, Norhashidah Mohd Ali
    Sains Malaysiana, 2010;39.
    Time stepping algorithm with spatial parallelisation is commonly used to solve time dependent partial differential equations. Computation in each time step is carried out using all processors available before sequentially advancing to the next time step. In cases where few spatial components are involved and there are relatively many processors available for use, this will result in fine granularity and decreased scalability. Naturally one alternative is to parallelise the temporal domain. Several time parallelisation algorithms have been suggested for the past two decades. One of them is the pipelined iterations across time steps. In this pipelined time stepping method, communication however is extensive between time steps during the pipelining process. This causes a decrease in performance on distributed memory environment which often has high message latency. We present a modified pipelined time stepping algorithm based on delayed pipelining and reduced communication strategies to improve overall execution time on a distributed memory environment using MPI. Our goal is to reduce the inter-time step communications while providing adequate information for the next time step to converge. Numerical result confirms that the improved algorithm is faster than the original pipelined algorithm and sequential time stepping algorithm with spatial parallelisation alone. The improved algorithm is most beneficial for fine granularity time dependent problems with limited spatial parallelisation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Memory
  9. Long memory and asymmetric volatility behaviour of the Malaysian stock market: a statistical modelling approach
    Abu Hassan Shaari Mohd Nor, Chin WC
    Sains Malaysiana, 2006;35:67-73.
    This paper analyzes the asymmetric long memory volatility dependency of the interday prices of Composite Index (CI) at Bursa Malaysia by using GARCH family models. The GARCH type models are used with the assumption that the innovations series follow either one of the following distributions: Gaussian, Student -t and skewed Student -t. The stock returns' long memory dependency is determined using the Hurst parameter. The long memory and asymmetric volatility are modelled by fractionally integrated GARCH models. It is found that the asymmetric and long memory GARCH models with skewed student-t distribution give better predictive ability on the volatility of the Kuala Lumpur Composite Index (KLCI).
    Matched MeSH terms: Memory
  10. Financial risk evaluations in Malaysian stock exchange using extreme-value-theory and component-ARCH model
    Chin WC, Zaidi Isa, Abu Hassan Shaari Mohd Nor
    Sains Malaysiana, 2009;38.
    This study investigates the value-at-risk (VaR) using nonlinear time-varying volatility (ARCH model) and extreme-value-theory (EVT) methodologies. Similar VaR estimation and prediction are observes under the EVT and heavy-tailed long-memory ARCH approaches. The empirical results evidence the EVT-based VaR are more accurate but only at higher quantiles. It is also found that EVT approach is able to provide a convenient framework for asymmetric properties in both the lower and upper tails which implies that the risk and reward are not equally likely for the short- and long-trading positions in Malaysian stock market.
    Matched MeSH terms: Memory
  11. Effects of aqueous extract of Prismatomeris glabra root on non-spatial memory in rats using object discrimination test
    Norazrina Azmi, Loh WT, Siti Suriani Omar, Juriyati Jalil, Aishah Adam
    Sains Malaysiana, 2011;40:1097-1103.
    The aqueous extract of Prismatomeris glabra root has been used traditionally in Malaysia by the aborigines and certain rural Malays for its ergogenic effects, to maintain wellness and to enhance physical stamina. It has also been used as an aphrodisiac for generations in the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Previous studies have shown that plants with ergogenic effects may also act as a stimulant and impair cognitive function. Therefore, we seek to investigate the effects of P. glabra on non-spatial memory in male Sprague Dawley rats using object recognition test. Trial rats were injected intraperitoneally with an aqueous extract of P. glabra roots at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg for the acute (30 min) and subacute (7 days) studies. Scopolamine (0.3 mg/kg) was used as a positive control only in the acute study meanwhile control rats were injected with saline. The locomotor activity of rats was also determined in the same test. We demonstrated that groups treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg of the extract lost their ability to discriminate the novel from familiar object in choice phase and did not alter the locomotor activity in both studies. Our results also indicated that the deficits in non-spatial working memory occured at these doses were not due to impaired locomotor activity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Memory, Short-Term
  12. Fractionally integrated time-varying volatility under structural break: evidence from Kuala Lumpur composite index
    Chin WC, Zaidi Isa, Abu Hassan Shaari Mohd. Nor
    Sains Malaysiana, 2008;37:233-237.
    This article study the influences of structural break to the fractionally integrated time-varying volatility model in Malaysian stock markets from year 1996 to 2006. A fractionally integrated autoregressive conditional heteroscedastic (FIGARCH) model combines with sudden changes of volatility is develops to study the possibility of structural change in Asian financial crisis and currency crisis. Our empirical results evidence substantially reduction in long memory clustering volatility after the inclusion of sudden changes in the volatility. Finally, the estimation, diagnostic and model selection evaluations indicate that the fractionally integrated model with structural change is out-performed compared to the standard model.
    Matched MeSH terms: Memory
  13. Tualang honey consumption enhanced hippocampal pyramidal count and spatial memory performance of adult male rats
    Mohd Amiruddin Kamarulzaidi, Zulkifli Mohd. Yusoff MY, Abdul Majid Mohamed, Durriyyah Sharifah Hasan Adli
    Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:215-220.
    As a natural anti-oxidant source, Tualang honey, produced by wild bees nesting on the Tualang tree (Koompassia excelsa) is expected to have positive influence on health, including memory. This study investigated the effect of Tualang honey on the cell count of memory formation related hippocampal pyramidal neuron and on spatial memory performance (SMP) of rats using the radial arm maze (RAM). Sprague Dawley male rats (n=24), 7-8 weeks old were divided into two groups; experimental group group force-fed 1 mL/100 g body weight with 70% honey (HG); and the control group with 0.9% saline (CG) for 12 weeks. Nissl staining technique (with cresyl violet) was employed for neurohistological analysis of the hippocampal tissue. Six randomly selected rats from each group were used for the neuronal soma counting of pyramidal cell layer CA1, CA3a and CA3c regions. Two-way ANOVA analysis showed positively significant differences between treatment and control groups for SMP comparison of working memory and reference memory components, as well as the number of pyramidal neurons. Hence, this positive effects of Tualang honey, as demonstrated behaviorally and neurohistologically, supported report that Tualang honey could improve memory and deter hippocampal morphological impairments; possibly due to its high anti-oxidant properties.
    Matched MeSH terms: Memory, Short-Term; Spatial Memory
  14. Fulltext Cognitive health of older persons in longitudinal ageing cohort studies
    Ng TP
    Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:1351-1355.
    Dementia poses a major global burden of care to society and health systems in ageing populations. The majority (over 60%) of persons with dementia in the world are found in Asia and developing countries with rapid rates of population ageing. Improving and maintaining the cognitive health of older persons is vital to national strategies for dementia prevention. Increasing numbers of population-based ageing cohort studies in the past decade have provided a better understanding of the factors that contribute to cognitive function and decline in old age. The roles of major demographic, psychosocial, lifestyle, behavioral and cardiovascular risk factors contributing to cognitive health were discussed using examples from the Singapore Longitudinal Ageing Studies. They include socio-demographic factors, particularly education and marital status, leisure time activity such as physical activity, social engagement and mental activities, psychological factors such as depression, cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors: obesity, diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia, and the metabolic syndrome, under-nutrition, low albumin, low hemoglobin, nutritional factors such as blood folate, B12 and homocysteine, omega-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids, tea drinking and curcumin-rich turmeric in curry meals. These factors are found to be associated variously with cognitive functions (memory and learning, language, visuospatial, attention and information processing speed), rates of cognitive impairment and cognitive decline, or increased risk of developing MCI and progression to dementia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Memory
  15. Immune responses against enterovirus A71 infection: Implications for vaccine success
    Aw-Yong KL, NikNadia NMN, Tan CW, Sam IC, Chan YF
    Rev Med Virol, 2019 09;29(5):e2073.
    PMID: 31369184 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2073
    Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) from the Picornaviridae family is an important emerging pathogen causing hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) outbreaks worldwide. EV-A71 also caused fatal neurological complications in young children especially in Asia. On the basis of seroepidemiological studies from many Asian countries, EV-A71 infection is very common. Children of very young age are particularly vulnerable. Large-scale epidemics that occur every 3 to 4 years are associated with accumulation of an immunologically naive younger population. Capsid proteins especially VP1 with the presence of major B- and T-cell epitopes are the most antigenic proteins. The nonstructural proteins mainly contribute to T-cell epitopes that induce cross-reactive immune responses against other enteroviruses. Dominant epitopes and their neutralization magnitudes differ in mice, rabbits, and humans. Neutralizing antibody is sufficient for immune protection, but poorer cellular immunity may lead to severe neurological complications and deaths. Some chemokines/cytokines are consistently found in severely ill patients, for example, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, MCP-1, IL-8, MIG, IP-10, IFN-γ, and G-CSF. An increase in white cell counts is a risk factor for severe HFMD. Recent clinical trials on EV-A71 inactivated vaccine showed >90% efficacy and a robust neutralization response that was protective, indicating neutralizing antibody correlates for protection. No protection against other enteroviruses was observed. A comprehensive understanding of the immune responses to EV-A71 infection will benefit the development of diagnostic tools, potential therapeutics, and subunit vaccine candidates. Future development of a multivalent enterovirus vaccine will require knowledge of correlates of protection, understanding of cross-protection and memory T-cell responses among enteroviruses.
    Matched MeSH terms: Immunologic Memory
  16. Contributions of phonological awareness, phonological short-term memory, and rapid automated naming, toward decoding ability in students with mild intellectual disability
    Soltani A, Roslan S
    Res Dev Disabil, 2013 Mar;34(3):1090-9.
    PMID: 23314249 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2012.12.005
    Reading decoding ability is a fundamental skill to acquire word-specific orthographic information necessary for skilled reading. Decoding ability and its underlying phonological processing skills have been heavily investigated typically among developing students. However, the issue has rarely been noticed among students with intellectual disability who commonly suffer from reading decoding problems. This study is aimed at determining the contributions of phonological awareness, phonological short-term memory, and rapid automated naming, as three well known phonological processing skills, to decoding ability among 60 participants with mild intellectual disability of unspecified origin ranging from 15 to 23 years old. The results of the correlation analysis revealed that all three aspects of phonological processing are significantly correlated with decoding ability. Furthermore, a series of hierarchical regression analysis indicated that after controlling the effect of IQ, phonological awareness, and rapid automated naming are two distinct sources of decoding ability, but phonological short-term memory significantly contributes to decoding ability under the realm of phonological awareness.
    Matched MeSH terms: Memory, Short-Term/physiology
  17. Fulltext Examining the roles of visual imagery and working memory in the retrieval of autobiographical memories using a dual-task paradigm
    Anthony K, Wong HK, Lim A, Sow F, Janssen SM
    Q J Exp Psychol (Hove), 2024 Mar;77(3):447-460.
    PMID: 37649149 DOI: 10.1177/17470218231200724
    The retrieval of autobiographical memories involves the construction of mental representations of past personal events. Many researchers examining the processes underlying memory retrieval argue that visual imagery plays a fundamental role. Other researchers, however, have argued that working memory is an integral component involved in memory retrieval. The goal of this study was to resolve these conflicting arguments by comparing the relative contributions of visual imagery and working memory during the retrieval of autobiographical memories in a dual-task paradigm. While following a moving dot, viewing a dynamic visual noise (DVN), or viewing a blank screen, 95 participants recalled their memories and subsequently rated them on different memory characteristics. The results suggest that inhibiting visual imagery by having participants view DVN merely delayed memory retrieval but did not affect the phenomenological quality of the memories retrieved. Taxations to the working memory by having participants follow a moving dot, on the contrary, resulted in only longer retrieval latencies and no reductions in the specificity, vividness, or the emotional intensity of the memories retrieved. Whereas the role of visual imagery during retrieval is clear, future studies could further examine the role of working memory during retrieval by administering a task that is less difficult or by recruiting a larger sample than this study. The results of this study seem to suggest that both visual imagery and working memory play a role during the retrieval of autobiographical memory, but more research needs to be conducted to determine their exact roles.
    Matched MeSH terms: Memory, Short-Term; Memory, Episodic*
  18. Fulltext Local context influences memory for emotional stimuli but not electrophysiological markers of emotion-dependent attention
    Barnacle GE, Tsivilis D, Schaefer A, Talmi D
    Psychophysiology, 2018 04;55(4).
    PMID: 29023754 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13014
    Emotional enhancement of free recall can be context dependent. It is readily observed when emotional and neutral scenes are encoded and recalled together in a "mixed" list, but diminishes when these scenes are encoded separately in "pure" lists. We examined the hypothesis that this effect is due to differences in allocation of attention to neutral stimuli according to whether they are presented in mixed or pure lists, especially when encoding is intentional. Using picture stimuli that were controlled for semantic relatedness, our results contradicted this hypothesis. The amplitude of well-known electrophysiological markers of emotion-related attention-the early posterior negativity (EPN), the late positive potential (LPP), and the slow wave (SW)-was higher for emotional stimuli. Crucially, the emotional modulation of these ERPs was insensitive to list context, observed equally in pure and mixed lists. Although list context did not modulate neural markers of emotion-related attention, list context did modulate the effect of emotion on free recall. The apparent decoupling of the emotional effects on attention and memory, challenges existing hypotheses accounting for the emotional enhancement of memory. We close by discussing whether findings are more compatible with an alternative hypothesis, where the magnitude of emotional memory enhancement is, at least in part, a consequence of retrieval dynamics.
    Matched MeSH terms: Memory, Episodic*
  19. Docosahexaenoic acid-concentrated fish oil supplementation in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI): a 12-month randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    Lee LK, Shahar S, Chin AV, Yusoff NA
    Psychopharmacology (Berl), 2013 Feb;225(3):605-12.
    PMID: 22932777 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-012-2848-0
    RATIONALE: Epidemiological studies have suggested a beneficial effect of fish oil supplementation in halting the initial progression of Alzheimer's disease. However, it remains unclear whether fish oil affects cognitive function in older people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

    OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the effects of fish oil supplementation on cognitive function in elderly person with MCI.

    METHODS: This was a 12-month, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study using fish oil supplementation with concentrated docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Thirty six low-socioeconomic-status elderly subjects with MCI were randomly assigned to receive either concentrated DHA fish oil (n = 18) or placebo (n = 18) capsules. The changes of memory, psychomotor speed, executive function and attention, and visual-constructive skills were assessed using cognitive tests. Secondary outcomes were safety and tolerability of the DHA concentrate.

    RESULTS: The fish oil group showed significant improvement in short-term and working memory (F = 9.890; ηp (2) = 0.254; p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Memory, Short-Term/drug effects
  20. An in-depth review of the methods, findings, and theories associated with odor-evoked autobiographical memory
    Hackländer RPM, Janssen SMJ, Bermeitinger C
    Psychon Bull Rev, 2019 Apr;26(2):401-429.
    PMID: 30406397 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-018-1545-3
    Over the past nearly 35 years, there has been sporadic interest in what has commonly come to be known as the Proust phenomenon, whereby autobiographical memories are retrieved and experienced differently when evoked by odors as compared with other types of cues, such as words, images or sounds. The purpose of this review is threefold. First, we provide a detailed analysis of the methods used to investigate Proust effects. Second, we review and analyze the various findings from the literature and determine what we feel to be the most important and stable findings. Third, we provide a series of previously postulated and new hypotheses that attempt to account for the various findings. Given the early stage of research, the current review aims to provide a measure of organization to the field, as well serve as a guide for how future investigations may address the topic. We conclude with the recommendation that research in this area shift its focus from establishing the phenomenon towards explaining its causes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Memory, Episodic*
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