Displaying publications 61 - 80 of 191 in total

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  1. Soo KM, Tham CL, Khalid B, Basir R, Chee HY
    Trop Biomed, 2019 Dec 01;36(4):1027-1037.
    PMID: 33597472
    Dengue is a common infection, caused by dengue virus. There are four different dengue serotypes, with different capacity to cause severe dengue infections. Besides, secondary infections with heterologous serotypes, concurrent infections of multiple dengue serotypes may alter the severity of dengue infection. This study aims to compare the severity of single infection and concurrent infections of different combinations of dengue serotypes in-vitro. Human mast cells (HMC)-1.1 were infected with single and concurrent infections of multiple dengue serotypes. The infected HMC-1.1 supernatant was then added to human umbilical cord vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) and severity of dengue infections was measured by the percentage of transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER). Levels of IL10, CXCL10 and sTRAIL in HMC-1.1 and IL-8, IL-10 and CXCL10 in HUVEC culture supernatants were measured by the ELISA assays. The result showed that the percentage of TEER values were significantly lower in single infections (p< 0.05), compared to concurrent infections on day 2 and 3, indicating that single infection increase endothelial permeability greater than concurrent infections. IL-8 showed moderate correlation with endothelial permeability (r > 0.4), indicating that IL-8 may be suitable as an in-vitro severity biomarker. In conclusion, this in-vitro model presented few similarities with regards to the conditions in dengue patients, suggesting that it could serve as a severity model to test for severity and levels of severity biomarkers upon different dengue virus infections.
  2. Low CF, Syarul Nataqain B, Chee HY, Rozaini MZH, Najiah M
    J Fish Dis, 2017 Nov;40(11):1489-1496.
    PMID: 28449248 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12638
    Progressive research has been recently made in dissecting the molecular biology of Betanodavirus life cycle, the causative pathogen of viral encephalopathy and retinopathy in economic important marine fish species. Establishment of betanodavirus infectious clone allows the manipulation of virus genome for functional genomic study, which elucidates the biological event of the viral life cycle at molecular level. The betanodavirus strategizes its replication by expressing anti-apoptosis/antinecrotic proteins to maintain the cell viability during early infection. Subsequently utilizes and controls the biological machinery of the infected cells for viral genome replication. Towards the late phase of infection, mass production of capsid protein for virion assembly induces the activation of host apoptosis pathway. It eventually leads to the cell lysis and death, which the lysis of cell contributes to the accomplishment of viral shedding that completes a viral life cycle. The recent efforts to dissect the entire betanodavirus life cycle are currently reviewed.
  3. Son HJ, Lee H, Kim JH, Yu IK, Han HY
    Malays J Pathol, 2018 Apr;40(1):73-78.
    PMID: 29704388
    Progressively transformed germinal centers (PTGC) is a benign process characterised by a morphological variant of reactive follicular hyperplasia in lymph nodes. It was recently shown that some cases of PTGC are associated with IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) or increased IgG4 plasma cells. Five years ago, a 57-year-old woman presented with enlargement of multiple lymph nodes in the left parotid, submandibular, and neck areas, pathologically diagnosed as PTGC after excisional biopsy. Since then, she has experienced numbness in her extremities, especially the left shoulder and arm, pruritus on the left side of the face and intermittent facial palsy, for which she has been receiving regular symptomatic treatment. Recently the patient developed diabetes mellitus (approximately seven months ago). In routine follow-up scans, a mass was detected in left kidney and magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen prior to surgery revealed a slightly enhanced bulky mass replacing the pancreatic tail and uncinate process. The mass in left kidney was diagnosed as clear cell renal cell carcinoma, and the pathological features of the pancreatic lesion were those of IgG4-related chronic fibrosing pancreatitis. Retrograde examination of the neck lymph node diagnosed as PTGC showed increased deposition of IgG4-positive plasma cells.
  4. Kultida CHY, Ruedeekorn SW, Keerati HS
    Med J Malaysia, 2018 06;73(3):131-136.
    PMID: 29962495
    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of coronary artery anatomic variants and anomalies detected by computed tomography angiography (CTA) MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on all patients undergoing coronary CTA using a 64-detector row CT in the Radiology Department, Songklanagarind Hospital, from January 2010 to January 2013. Data were recorded and analyzed.

    RESULTS: The imaging results of 279 patients were reviewed. One hundred and twenty-two females (43.7%) and 157 males (56.3%) [age range, 26-82 years] were reviewed for coronary artery variants and anomalies with post-processing images. The right coronary dominance was the most common dominant type (91.4%). The prevalence of ramus intermedius was 68.8%; those of the absence of the left main coronary artery and left circumflex artery were 0.4%, respectively; and of the high takeoff of the coronary artery was 3.6%. Anomalies of origin and course were detected as the right coronary artery originating from the left coronary sinus in 1.1% of the patients. Myocardial bridging and coronary fistulas were demonstrated in 55.6% and 0.7% of our subjects, respectively.

    CONCLUSION: A coronary CTA can effectively represent the complex anatomy of the coronaries as well as their anatomic variations and anomalies. The prevalence of most coronary variations were in concordance with the data of previous reports.

  5. Lim PS, Loke CF, Ho YW, Tan HY
    J Appl Microbiol, 2020 Nov;129(5):1374-1388.
    PMID: 32356362 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14678
    AIMS: To determine the mechanism underlying the serum cholesterol reduction effect by probiotics isolated from local fermented tapioca (Tapai).

    METHODS AND RESULTS: Lactic acid bacteria strains were isolated and examined for acid tolerance, bile salt resistance and hypocholesterolemic properties. Among the isolates, Lactobacillus plantarum TAR4 showed the highest cholesterol reduction ability (48·01%). The focus in the in vivo trial was to elucidate the cholesterol balance from findings pertaining to serum cholesterol reduction in rat model fed with high fat diet via oral administration. Rats fed with high-cholesterol diet supplemented with Lact. plantarum TAR4 showed significant reduction in serum total cholesterol (29·55%), serum triglyceride (45·31%) and liver triglyceride (23·44%) as compared to high-cholesterol diet (HCD) group. There was a significant increment in faecal triglyceride (45·83%) and faecal total bile acid (384·95%) as compared to HCD group.

    CONCLUSIONS: The findings showed that probiotic Lact. plantarum TAR4 supplementation reduced the absorption of bile acids for enterohepatic recycling and increased the catabolism of cholesterol to bile acids and not by suppressing the rate of cholesterol synthesis.

    SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY: Probiotic supplements could provide a new nonpharmacological alternative to reduce cardiovascular risk factors.

  6. Wan Ismail WZ, Sim KS, Tso CP, Ting HY
    Scanning, 2011 Jul-Aug;33(4):233-51.
    PMID: 21611953 DOI: 10.1002/sca.20237
    To reduce undesirable charging effects in scanning electron microscope images, Rayleigh contrast stretching is developed and employed. First, re-scaling is performed on the input image histograms with Rayleigh algorithm. Then, contrast stretching or contrast adjustment is implemented to improve the images while reducing the contrast charging artifacts. This technique has been compared to some existing histogram equalization (HE) extension techniques: recursive sub-image HE, contrast stretching dynamic HE, multipeak HE and recursive mean separate HE. Other post processing methods, such as wavelet approach, spatial filtering, and exponential contrast stretching, are compared as well. Overall, the proposed method produces better image compensation in reducing charging artifacts.
  7. Soh HY, Hu LH, Yu Y, Wang T, Zhang WB, Peng X
    PMID: 34862088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2021.11.008
    The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of navigation-assisted maxillofacial reconstruction and to identify the predictors of the clinical outcomes. A total of 112 patients who underwent navigation-assisted maxillofacial reconstruction with free flaps between 2014 and 2019, performed by a single surgical team, were assessed. Accuracy was evaluated by superimposing the postoperative computed tomography data with the preoperative virtual surgical plan. Predictors of the clinical outcomes affecting the accuracy were identified and analysed. The mean deviation and root mean square (RMS) estimate of the orbital, maxillary, and mandibular reconstructions were 0.88 ± 3.25 mm and 3.38 ± 0.73 mm, 0.77 ± 3.44 mm and 3.69 ± 0.82 mm, and 1.07 ± 4.16 mm and 4.67 ± 3.95 mm, respectively (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in orbital volume or projection between the preoperative, postoperative, and healthy orbits (P = 0.093 and P = 0.225, respectively). Multivariate linear regression analysis confirmed significant associations between the accuracy of navigation-assisted mandibular reconstruction and preservation of the condyle, type of reconstruction, type of osteosynthesis plate, and number of bony segments. Navigation-assisted midface reconstruction yielded a higher level of accuracy in the final surgical outcome when compared to mandibular reconstruction. Computer-assisted techniques and intraoperative navigation can be an alternative or adjunct to current surgical techniques to improve the final surgical outcome, especially in more complex maxillofacial reconstructions.
  8. Voon HY, Leong MS, Li CW, Bujang A, Suharjono H
    Med J Malaysia, 2017 10;72(5):259-263.
    PMID: 29197879 MyJurnal
    BACKGROUND: In the course of managing preterm labour, increasing trends of total white cell count raises concern for the obstetrician, suggesting a possible underlying infectious aetiology. Although mild leukocytosis is expected in pregnancy, the patterns of increment after corticosteroid administration are not well described beyond animal models and in a small number of human studies.

    METHODS: Seventy-three consecutive patients who required antenatal corticosteroids for either preterm labour or prelabour caesarean section were recruited and given a standard course of 12mg dexamethasone phosphate, twelve hours apart. Venous blood samples were taken before administration, at six hours and 36 hours after the first dose of dexamethasone.

    RESULTS: The total white count trend was 10.31±2.62 at baseline, 11.44±3.05 at six hours and 12.20±3.49 at 36 hours. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio was 3.60±1.31, 8.73±3.63 and 3.24±1.49 respectively, reflecting relative neutrophilia and lymphopenia which normalised by 36 hours.

    CONCLUSION: In contrast to previous studies, we found only a slight increment in total white cell count of about 10%. The marginal changes described in our study would not normally raise any clinical concern, although vigilance should be exercised if higher levels were observed.

  9. Wong YP, Othman S, Lau YL, Radu S, Chee HY
    J Appl Microbiol, 2018 Mar;124(3):626-643.
    PMID: 29165905 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13647
    Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) amplifies DNA with high specificity, efficiency and rapidity under isothermal conditions by using a DNA polymerase with high displacement strand activity and a set of specifically designed primers to amplify targeted DNA strands. Following its first discovery by Notomi et al. ( Nucleic Acids Res 28: E63), LAMP was further developed over the years which involved the combination of this technique with other molecular approaches, such as reverse transcription and multiplex amplification for the detection of infectious diseases caused by micro-organisms in humans, livestock and plants. In this review, available types of LAMP techniques will be discussed together with their applications in detection of various micro-organisms. Up to date, there are varieties of LAMP detection methods available including colorimetric and fluorescent detection, real-time monitoring using turbidity metre and detection using lateral flow device which will also be highlighted in this review. Apart from that, commercialization of LAMP technique had also been reported such as lyophilized form of LAMP reagents kit and LAMP primer sets for detection of pathogenic micro-organisms. On top of that, advantages and limitations of this molecular detection method are also described together with its future potential as a diagnostic method for infectious disease.
  10. Eng JY, Soon SY, Winnie Ling HY
    Med J Malaysia, 2018 02;73(1):46-48.
    PMID: 29531203 MyJurnal
    Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FL-HCC) is a rare variant of hepatocellular carcinoma. It is commonly reported in the younger population with no underlying chronic liver disease and free of viral Hepatitis B and C. Local recurrence and distant metastasis are common despite better prognosis compared to conventional hepatocellular carcinoma. Complete surgical resection is associated with higher median survival and is the mainstay treatment option for localized FL-HCC. Multi-modality therapies such as TACE can be used to downstage upfront unresectable FL-HCC. Complete response with GEMOX chemotherapy has been reported in advanced metastatic FL-HCC and should be considered in upfront unresectable or metastatic disease. We present a case of biopsied proven relapse FL-HCC with oligo- left lung metastasis who successfully underwent a left lung lobectomy after neo-adjuvant GEMOX chemotherapy, and is disease free at 24 months follow up.
  11. Suria MM, Yap PC, Lov VL, AbuBakar S, Lee HY
    Trop Biomed, 2022 Dec 01;39(4):499-503.
    PMID: 36602207 DOI: 10.47665/tb.39.4.004
    Aedes albopictus poses a public health risk in tropical countries and temperate countries in recent decades due to its capability to transmit various human arboviruses including dengue, yellow fever, and chikungunya. Vector control is the key for preventing transmission of these pathogenic viruses. Improving the effectiveness of currently utilized collection methods, such as ovitraps, is important for best species abundance monitoring, assessment of the threat of arbovirus transmission, and optimizing control activities. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the potential use of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) waste as an infusion-baited ovitrap for Aedes collection. The performance of overnight tap water, grass hay infusion and LAB waste infusion were compared for their ability in attracting gravid female Ae. albopictus. In this study, the LAB waste infusion was substantially more alluring to Ae. albopictus mosquitoes than the two controls grass hay infusion and tap water.
  12. Tan, H. Y., Wong, Y. H., Kasbollah A., Md. Shah M. N., Abdullah B. J. J., Yeong, Chai Hong
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Hepatic radioembolization is a minimally invasive procedure involving intrarterial administration of radioembolic microspheres for the treatment of liver tumours. In this study, a biocompatible polystyrene (PS) microspheres formulation containing radioactive Samarium-153 (153Sm) was synthesized and tested. The 153Sm emits both diagnostic gamma energy and therapeutic beta radiation, renders the synthesized microspheres an ideal theranostic radioembolic agent for hepatic radioembolization. Methods: First, the 152Sm2O3 (20 – 50%, w/v) was encapsulated in PS microspheres using solid-in-oil-in-water solvent evaporation method. The 152Sm-labelled PS microspheres were then activated to 153Sm (Eβmax = 807.6 keV, half-life = 46.3 hours) via 152Sm (n,γ) 153Sm reaction in a nuclear reactor with a neutron flux of 2.0 x 1012 n.cm-2.s-1. Physicochemical characterization, gamma spectroscopy and in-vitro radiolabeling studies were carried out to study the properties and stability of the microspheres before and after neutron activation. Results: The 153Sm -labelled PS microspheres achieved a nominal activity of 4.0 GBq.g-1 after 6 hours of neutron activation. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and particle size analysis show that the microspheres remained spherical with diameters within 15 – 60 μm after neutron activation. No long half-life radioimpurities were found in the samples as revealed by the gamma spectroscopy results. The 153Sm-labelled PS microspheres achieved radiolabeling efficiency of more than 95% in saline and blood plasma over 480 hours. Conclusion: A biocompatible 153Sm-radiolabelled PS microspheres formulation has been successfully developed. The formulation achieved desirable properties for theranostic treatment of liver tumours. The formulation is relatively cheaper, easier to be produced and more readily available.
  13. Abdul Aris, M. H., Lee, H. Y., Hussain, N., Ghazali, H., Nordin, W. N., Mahyudin, N. A.
    MyJurnal
    The objective of this study was to determine microbiological quality of gulai tempoyak paste (GTP) added with three different leaf; Vietnamese coriander, turmeric and asam gelugor. The GTP was cooked for 10 minutes with control temperature (60-70°C) and the leaf were added at 2, 5 and 8 minutes during the cooking time to give exposure times of 8, 5 and 2 minutes of the leaf to GTP. GTP without addition of leaf was treated as control and all the prepared GTPs were stored at 30°C for 2 days before analysed using total plate count (TPC) and yeast and mould count (YMC). The addition of asam gelugor leaf to GTP for 5 minutes of the cooking period significantly (p > 0.05) reduced TPC (log10 3.54 CFU/g) compared to Vietnamese coriander (log10 4.67 CFU/g) and turmeric leaf (log10 4.70 CFU/g). Asam gelugor leaf also showed a significant difference in TPC reduction (log10 4.44 CFU/g) when added to GTP for 8 minutes compared to Vietnamese coriander (log10 5.10 CFU/g), but was insignificant to turmeric leaf (log10 4.71 CFU/g). In conclusion, there are significant effects on microbiological quality of GTP when added with Vietnamese coriander, turmeric and asam gelugor leaf at different exposure time based on TPC and YMC.
  14. Lee HY, Khoo HY, Yap PC, Mansor SM, Abdul Majid MA
    Trop Biomed, 2024 Sep 01;41(3):276-282.
    PMID: 39548781 DOI: 10.47665/tb.41.3.007
    The indigenous community in Malaysia also known as Orang Asli have preserved their unique cultural identity in the face of rapid national development and modernization efforts. Over the years, poverty alleviation has become a central pillar of Malaysia development. In this review, seroprevalence report from the Orang Asli and their health status about neglected tropical diseases were collated and analyzed. The review will show the potential areas of research for future development. Specifically, the review will cover a 12-year period preceding the onset of COVID-19 pandemic, offering critical insights into the community health landscape. In depth discussion on the unique impact of the pandemic covering healthcare access, socioeconomic dynamics and community resilience. Analysis revealed the burden of parasitism is high in the community and the sustainability of certain basic access such as clean water and education remains a challenge. Different approaches to improve future intervention strategies were also discussed. The review can contribute to essential knowledge for policymakers, researchers, healthcare providers interested in enhancing the well-being of the Orang Asli community.
  15. Khor CS, Lee HY, Abd-Majid MA, Khoo HY, Khoo JJ, AbuBakar S
    Trop Biomed, 2024 Jun 01;41(2):224-229.
    PMID: 39154278 DOI: 10.47665/tb.41.2.015
    Serological evidence has shown the presence of several mosquito-borne arbovirus infections among the inhabitants of the forest fringe areas of the tropics. Among these infections, Japanese encephalitis, dengue fever, chikungunya fever and Zika fever could be targeted for vaccination to overcome severe infection and limit the disease transmission. Seroprevalence data among this high-risk population are needed to provide an estimate of the potential cost-effectiveness of any vaccine programme targeting these infections. The present study was conducted at six indigenous people (Orang Asli) villages and FELDA (Federal Land Development Authority) settlements located at the forest fringes of Malaysia. All participants consented and provided blood samples and demographic data for the study. The blood samples were tested for the presence of antibodies against CHIKV, DENV, JEV and ZIKV individually using ELISA. Results obtained were also analysed to determine the predictors for CHIKV, DENV, JEV and ZIKV seropositivity. Among the 585 samples tested, 33.0% (N=193), 41.7% (N=244), 10.3% (N=60) and 21.0% (N=123) were positive for CHIKV IgG, DENV IgG, JEV IgG and ZIKV IgG, respectively. Approximately one-third (N=220, 37.6%) of the participants were tested negative for IgG antibodies against all four arboviruses. Age of participants and type of settlement were found to be a significant predictor for CHIKV, DENV, JEV and ZIKV seropositivity. Level of education was a significant predictor for CHIKV, DENV and ZIKV seropositivity. Gender, however, was not found to be a significant predictor for infection with any of these viruses. These findings reaffirmed the significant presence of infection involving these major arboviruses among the group of people living within the forest fringe areas of Peninsular Malaysia. Hence, any future consideration of vaccination for these infections must take into consideration the marginalized and underserved communities living at the forest fringe areas of the tropics where these infections are present.
  16. Mohd Rofei Mat Hussin, Muhammad Mahyiddin Ramli, Sharaifah Kamariah Wan Sabli, Iskhandar Md Nasir, Mohd Ismahadi Syono, Wong HY, et al.
    Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:1147-1154.
    In this study, graphene-on-silicon process technology was developed to fabricate a power rectifier Schottky diode for efficiency improvement in high operating temperature. Trench-MOS-Barrier-Schottky (TMBS) diode structure was used to enhance the device performance. The main objective of this research was to study the effect of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) deposited on silicon surface for Schottky barrier formation and heat transfer in Schottky junction. The study showed RGO deposited on silicon as a heat spreader could help to reduce the effect of heat generated in the Schottky junction that leads to a leakage current reduction and efficiency improvement in the device. With comparison to the conventional metal silicide (titanium silicide and cobalt silicide), the leakage reduced by two-orders of magnitude when tested under high operating temperature (>100°C). TMBS rectifier diode that uses graphene-based heat spreader could produce highly reliable product able to withstand high temperature operating condition.
  17. Wong AH, Umapathi T, Shahrizaila N, Chan YC, Kokubun N, Fong MK, et al.
    J Neurol Sci, 2014 Sep 15;344(1-2):60-2.
    PMID: 24993467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2014.06.021
    To study the clinical profile of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) patients who died in 4 Asian countries in order to understand factors underlying any variation in mortality.
  18. Kwong PJ, Nam HY, Wan Khadijah WE, Kamarul T, Abdullah RB
    Reprod. Domest. Anim., 2014 Apr;49(2):249-53.
    PMID: 24456113 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12262
    The aim of this study was to produce cloned caprine embryos using either caprine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or ear fibroblast cells (EFCs) as donor karyoplasts. Caprine MSCs were isolated from male Boer goats of an average age of 1.5 years. To determine the pluripotency of MSCs, the cells were induced to differentiate into osteocytes, chondrocytes and adipocytes. Subsequently, MSCs were characterized through cell surface antigen profiles using specific markers, prior to their use as donor karyoplasts for nuclear transfer. No significant difference (p > 0.05) in fusion rates was observed between MSCs (87.7%) and EFCs (91.3%) used as donor karyoplasts. The cleavage rate of cloned embryos derived with MSCs (87.0%) was similar (p > 0.05) to those cloned using EFCs (84.4%). However, the in vitro development of MSCs-derived cloned embryos (25.3%) to the blastocyst stage was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those derived with EFCs (20.6%). In conclusion, MSCs could be reprogrammed by caprine oocytes, and production of cloned caprine embryos with MSCs improved their in vitro developmental competence, but not in their fusion and cleavage rate as compared to cloning using somatic cells such as EFCs.
  19. Low CF, Shamsudin MN, Chee HY, Aliyu-Paiko M, Idrus ES
    J Fish Dis, 2014 Aug;37(8):693-701.
    PMID: 24304156 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12153
    The gram-negative bacterium, Vibrio alginolyticus, has frequently been identified as the pathogen responsible for the infectious disease called vibriosis. This disease is one of the major challenges facing brown-marbled grouper aquaculture, causing fish farmers globally to suffer substantial economic losses. The objective of this study was to investigate the proteins involved in the immune response of brown-marbled grouper fingerlings during their initial encounter with pathogenic organisms. To achieve this objective, a challenge experiment was performed, in which healthy brown-marbled grouper fingerlings were divided into two groups. Fish in the treated group were subjected to intraperitoneal injection with an infectious dose of V. alginolyticus suspended in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and those in the control group were injected with an equal volume of PBS. Blood samples were collected from a replicate number of fish from both groups at 4 h post-challenge and analysed for immune response-related serum proteins via two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The results showed that 14 protein spots were altered between the treated and control groups; these protein spots were further analysed to determine the identity of each protein via MALDI-TOF/TOF. Among the altered proteins, three were clearly overexpressed in the treated group compared with the control; these were identified as putative apolipoprotein A-I, natural killer cell enhancement factor and lysozyme g. Based on these results, these three highly expressed proteins participate in immune response-related reactions during the initial exposure (4 h) of brown-marbled grouper fingerling to V. alginolyticus infection.
  20. Loh KW, Rani F, Chan TC, Loh HY, Ng CW, Moy FM
    Med J Malaysia, 2013 Aug;68(4):291-6.
    PMID: 24145254 MyJurnal
    Hypertension is a major public health problem in Malaysia. A survey was initiated to examine the association of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for hypertension in Perak, Malaysia.
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