Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti dan membandingkan tahap kesedaran dan tingkah laku risiko yang "altruistik".antara jantina selain meninjau hubungan antara keduanya dalam kegiatan rekreasi dalam Program Pembangunan Masyarakat Guru (BIG). Satu set soalan yang ditanyakan telah digunakan berbanding 81 pelajar tahun akhir Fakulti Pendidikan, KUIS di Raub, Pahang. Persoalan penyelidikan terdiri daripada dua perubahan, iaitu kesadaran terhadap risiko dan tingkah laku keselamatan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan kesedaran yang tinggi tentang risiko semasa aktiviti rekreasi. Analisis ujian T menunjukkan bahawa tidak terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan dalam kesedaran terhadap risiko dan kelakuan keselamatan antara wanita. Analisis korelasi Pearson menunjukkan bahawa terdapat hubungan positif yang signifikan antara kesedaran risiko (peraturan keselamatan) dan tingkah laku keselamatan "altruistic". Implikasi kajian ini ialah rekreasi dan pentadbir universiti perlu mengambil kira pelbagai jenis risiko dalam merekabentuk aktiviti rekreasi luar. Tahap kesadaran risiko yang tinggi dapat membantu pelajar dengan tingkah laku yang baik dalam aktiviti rekreasi luar yang mereka berminat.
Kajian ini bertujuan untuk membangunkan modul pentaksiran Pendidikan Kesihatan dalam Pentaksiran Bilik Darjah (PBD) untuk guru tahap Satu. Objektif kajian adalah untuk mengenal pasti keperluan modul pentaksiran Pendidikan Kesihatan dalam pentaksiran bilik darjah dalam pengajaran guru tahap satu. Reka bentuk yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah reka bentuk dan pembangunan (RBP) yang mempunyai tiga fasa. Fasa pertama ialah analisis keperluan, fasa kedua ialah reka bentuk dan pembangunan dan manakala fasa ketiga ialah fasa pelaksanaan dan penilaian. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam kajian ini ialah soal selidik untuk mengetahui keperluan bahan pentaksiran iaitu modul pentaksiran untuk guru Pendidikan Kesihatan yang mengajar murid tahap satu dalam pelaksanaan PBD. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan memang terdapat keperluan untuk membangunkan modul pentaksiran bagi subjek Pendidikan Kesihatan untuk guru tahap satu dalam pelaksanaan PBD.
Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji hubungan antara orientasi matlamat dan keseronokan dalam kalangan atlet hoki UPSI. Kajian tinjauan ini dijalankan dalam kalangan 30 orang altet yang mewakili UPSI dalam kejohanan hoki peringkat Universiti (lelaki, n=17; perempuan, n=13). Instrumen soal selidik Task and Ego Orientation Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ) dan Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) digunakan untuk mengukur orientasi matlamat dan tahap keseronokan. Analisis deskriptif min dan sisihan piawai; analisis inferens Ujian-t sampel tidak bersandar serta korelasi digunakan untuk mengenalpasti orientasi matlamat dan tahap keseronokan atlet serta perkaitan antara kedua-duanya. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan atlet hoki UPSI lebih berorientasikan tugasan berbanding ego dan mempunyai tahap keseronokan yang sederhana. Hasil keputusan inferens korelasi turut menunjukkan terdapat perkaitan yang signifikan (p = 0.001, p
Futsal is a high intensity team sport game that demands a high physical, technical and tactical ability. The elements of kicking and jumping demands a strong lower body, in which quadriceps act as the primary muscles, whereas the hamstring act as the balancer of the knee joint. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of eccentric strength training and static stretch on hamstring flexibility among futsal players. 10 recreative male futsal players (n=10) recruited from Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Samarahan for the study. Subjects were randomly assigned into two groups comprised of eccentric strength training group and static stretching group. Eccentric strength training performed the Nordic hamstring exercise while, static stretch group performed static stretching exercise. All participants went through a 4 weeks program respectively to the set group, with 3 sessions each week. Sit and reach flexibility test was measured. Both groups showed a significant difference between pre and post-test, F = 22.478, p = .001 (p
Coaches and athletes of different sport background can have a marked influence on their relationship. The objective of this study was to compare the relationship level between the athlete and coach, among sport school students. In addition, this study aimed to compare the level of athlete to coach relationship and vice versa. The Coach-Athlete Relationship Questionnaire (CART-Q) is used in the data collection process. In this study, the measurement is made from the contract of interpersonal relationships (closeness, commitment and complementarity). The findings are presented in the form of descriptive statistics. The comparison and relationship among variables was determined using t-tests and Pearson correlation tests. The study found that there was a significant correlation between coaches in the team sports category with the closeness of t = 2.098, sig = 0041* (p
This study aims to determine the inculcation level of soft skills through petanque sport among its players at Public Institue of Higher Learning (IPTA) and the Private Institute of Higher Learning (IPTS). Specifically, this study has two objectives: (i) to identify the level of seven soft skills through petanque sport among its players at IPTA and IPTS; and (ii) to determine the relationship between the number of years playing petanque and the level of soft skills; A total of 224 respondents who enrolled in the Higher Education Institute Petanque Tournament 2017 participated in this study. The findings revealed that the level of soft skills included in this study are at high level, namely the communication skills (M=2.85, SP=.36); critical thinking and problem-solving skills (M=2.87, SP=.34); teamwork skills (M=2.89, SP=.31); lifelong learning, information management (M = 2.87, SP = .34); entrepreneurial skills (M=2.72, SP=.46); professional ethics and moral (M = 2.84, SP = .37); and leadership skills (M = 2.84, SP = .36). The chi-square (c2) test reveals no significant relationship between the number of years playing petanque and the level of soft skills among players of IPTA and IPTS (c2 = .790, p > .05). Therefore, based on the results, it can be concluded that all seven soft skills can be inculcated in the petanque’s players at IPTA and IPTS. Thus, petanque sport should be introduced and acculturated to the society at large and not restricted to students of higher education institutes only.
The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between goal orientation and aggressiveness among under 18 handball players in Negeri Sembilan. This study used survey method using Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionaire (TEOSQ) and The Judgement About Moral Behavior in Youth Sport Questionaire (JAMBYSQ). The respondents are the Under 18 handball players that represent eight districts in Negeri Sembilan (n = 192, 96 male and 96 females). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (percent, frequency, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (t-test) and correlation. The findings showed that the orientation pattern of the female players were higher than the male players for both the task orientation and the ego. The results of the t-test showed that female handball players have higher levels of cognitive and somatic anxiety than male players. However, from the aspect of aggression, the findings showed that female players are more likely to show aggressive action compared to male. In conclusion, the findings showed that there was a significant relationship between goal orientation and aggression among under 18 handball players. Indirectly, this study stressed the importance of goal orientation. Coaches also need to put more focus on the task-orientation compared to ego-orientation.
This research was conducted to determine the mental skill among school athletes. This research was conducted using survey method among 24 ten-pin bowlers that represented Perak in the Majlis Sukan Sekolah Malaysia (MSSM) 2018 tournament. Sport pErsonality Questionnaire (SPQ20) questionnaire was used to measure the 20 mental skill dimensions that consisted of 4 main domains that are achievement and competitiveness, confidence and resilience, interaction and sportsmanship, and power and aggression. SPQ20 also determine the athletes’ trend on the mental skill matric and leadership potential. Descriptive analysis is based on the Red, Amber, Green (RAG) Traffic Light system approach. Results showed all the mental skill domains were at the yellow level (intermediate). Based on the mental skill metric, highest number of athletes were in the confident achiever group (54.2%). Based on the leadership potential matric, highest number of athletes were in the democratic captain group (33.3%). The research demonstrate the importance of evaluating the athletes’ mental skill level, methods on using suitable measuring tools to gain information on the mental skill level, and the way to report results of study in order to enhance coaching aspect.
Nowadays, overweight is one of the major factors of health problems in Malaysia. There are various ways weight loss has been suggested to get the optimal effect. Recent findings show that the sprint single bout of exercise can be suggested as an alternative exercise method that is more efficient in terms of time saving to reduce weight. Sprint interval training (SIT) in 2 weeks shows a potential to lose weight in short period of times. In this study, the effects of SIT was assessed on body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, body fat percentage, pulse rate and blood pressure among overweight individuals. The subjects are from Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI) (n=10, age 23.8±0.42) with categorized as overweight with BMI 25.0 to 29.9 (men 29.9±3.75 and women 28.74±2.6). The protocol of SIT is consist of 1- minute warm up, cycling sprinting (Wingate anaerobic sprint) for 30 seconds, followed by 2- minutes of cooling down and rest for 5-minutes for each repeated session. This study shows that there were no significant difference on the effects of SIT on BMI, waist circumference, body fat percentage, pulse rate and blood pressure among overweight individuals (p
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the Physical, Environment, Task, Timing, Learning, Emotion and Perspective (PETTLEP) and traditional imagery interventions on netball players shooting accuracy. In this study, 48 netball players from Larut Matang and Selama district in Perak were invited to participate. They were tested on imagery ability and divided into three interventions groups consisting, the PETTLEP audio imagery, the PETTLEP audio video imagery and the traditional written imagery script. The participants in the PETTLEP audio and audio video interventions imagery employed the interventions at the netball court. Conversely, the participants in the traditional written imagery scrip group employed the interventions at their own houses. All participants conducted their imagery training based on the imagery training schedule that was provided to them. The imagery training duration was around 30 minutes and scheduled for three times per week for four weeks. The pre-test intervention and post-test study design were employed in this study. The paired t-test results indicated that there were significant differences on the pre and post test data for netball shooting accuracy for both participants in PETTLEP groups, however there was no significant differences were found in the traditional written imagery script group. Furthermore, the One Way ANOVA results indicated that there were significant differences on the data of post-test among both PETTLEP groups compared to the traditional groups. However, there were no significant differences found between PETTLEP groups. The findings showed that the participants in the PETTLEP imagery interventions showed better accuracy netball shooting compared to the participants in the traditional intervention group, however both audio and combination audio and video PETLLEP interventions enhanced similar netball shooting performances. In conclusion, from this study the PETTLEP imagery model was found to improve players’ performance, especially when it was combined with audio imagery and video modelling.
Resistance training (RT) refers to a method of physical conditioning of complex programming which consists of progressive and various training techniques to achieve the desired training goals. An appropriate programme design is the key to success; where exercise selection is one of the critical factors. The selection of exercise will expose different stimulation as in the application of the specific adaptation on imposed demand principle. The option of choosing either bilateral (BI) or unilateral (UNI) exercise is an important decision to perform in the construction of any strength or RT programme. This study aimed to investigate the physiological responses of unilateral versus bilateral acute RT on heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE). Sixteen (n = 16) trained women with mean age of 23.31 (SD = 1.35) years old went through a total body exercise session for each unilateral and bilateral protocols which both consisted of major muscles group for 80% 1RM, 10 repetitions to maximal effort for 3 sets. The results revealed that all variables examined including HR, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and RPE were statistically changed (p < .001) across the times. Apart from that, unilateral and bilateral RT imposed significantly different stimulus on SBP (p < .05).
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is more prone on female athletes compared to male athletes in non-contact mechanisms. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of four weeks neuromuscular training which closely associated with the dynamic balance and agility performance for preventing ACL injury among female athletes. There were sixteen female athletes from Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI) who are volleyball, basketball and futsal players participated in this study. The subjects were divided randomly into two groups; control group (CG) and experimental group (EG). The EG experienced four weeks of neuromuscular training while the CG performing their regular training. The pre-test and post-test were measured using Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) for dynamic balance and T-Test for agility. Statistical data were analyzed using independent sample t-test and the results demonstrated significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) for dynamic balance and agility between EG and CG. Therefore, this finding implied that neuromuscular training improved the female athletes in term of dynamic balance and agility which reduce the prevalence of ACL injury.
This study examined the moderating effect of local and foreign coaches in the relationship between coaches leadership styles and athletes satisfaction in a case of high performance athletes in Malaysia (N = 350) under the organization of Majlis Sukan Negara. Five domains of leadership style showed positive correlation with athletes’ satisfaction (p < .05); Training and instruction, r = 0.623, Democratic, r = 0.500, Autocratic, r = 0.126, Social support, r = 0.540 and Positive feedback, r = 0.490.There is a significant different of autocratic leadership style and gender (p < .05) Female perceived coaches’ autocratic leadership style greater than male. However, in athletes satisfaction, there is no significant different between gender (p > .05). In comparing age groups, there is a significant different in training and instruction leadership style and athletes; satisfaction (p < .05). Age group of 24 – 26 years old perceived training and instruction and athletes’ satisfaction greater among all age groups. The lowest athletes’ satisfaction was group 18-20 years old. On coaches’ nationality, training and instruction and athletes’ satisfaction also show significant different (p < .05).Foreign coaches exhibit greater training and instruction style than the locals. On the other hand, the athletes satisfied greater to the local coaches’ compare to the foreign coaches. Significant correlations were observed between all leadership styles domains and athletes’ satisfaction (p < .05) except for autocratic in both local and foreign coaches. This study is expected to extend the body of knowledge of leadership in sport where the cultural differences has never been investigated as the moderating effect in the relationship between coaches’ leadership styles and athletes’ satisfaction and to improve the quality of coaching by suggesting appropriate strategies to be designed in order to control the effects of cultural differences.
Balanced between good diet and regular physical activity is among the important factors in avoiding unhealthy weight gain. Our objective in this study was to investigate the amount of calorie loss against a variety of running exercises. In this study, an experiment on running as a calorie burning physical activities was conducted. Two factors were selected, the distance, and the level of difficulties. The result and statistical analysis concluded that both factors play significant roles in burning calories, with distance as being the most significant factor. The findings also suggest that other than increasing the distance, choosing a hilly terrain when training can give more efficient calories burn. There is no interaction between distance and the level of difficulties. Individuals should plan their workout accordingly only after knowing how many calories they burned through each activity. For individual with aims to burn more calories, an increase in distance and a hilly terrain is more favorable.
The purpose of rehydration is to replace fluid and electrolyte losses. Carbohydrates and sodium are the main nutrient sources for rehydration. The presence of protein aids the rehydration process and thereby promoting muscle synthesis. Zea mays had been identified as one of the potential food sources that could be an alternative recovery beverage. The aim of this study was to assess the potential of Zea mays (ZM) juice as an alternative rehydration beverage. A total of 15 male participants were involved in this study. They were required to cycle to 70-80% of their age predicted maximum heart rate until they were dehydrated (1.8-2% body weight loss). Then they were given either ZM juice or CE drink in an amount representing 150% of their initial body weight loss. After 4-hours of rest with no other food allowed, their USG and percentage of fluid retention were calculated. Results showed that ZM juice had better retention and demonstrated well hydrated USG readings compared to CE drink. Therefore, ZM juice has the potential to be an alternative rehydration beverage.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the knowledge and awareness of dietary supplements among athletes in Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI). Athletes (n=95, age: 22.5±2.4) completed a questionnaire on Google Docs regarding their habits and perceptions of dietary supplement intake. Among all respondents, 37 out of 95 (39%) took dietary supplements with the primary reason to improve energy (66%), strength (60%) or performance (59%). Athletes who did not take any supplement (58 out of 95; 61%) reported high supplement’s cost as their main reason (28%). The most chosen supplements are protein (43%), mass and strength gainer (19%), vitamin C (11%), energy booster, omega 3, and multivitamin (8% each), creatine, fat burner, vitamin B complex and BCAA (5%, each). The athletes believed that supplements are associated with health risk (75%), supplements can enhance performance (86%) and exercise increase the need for supplements (74%). They also believed that supplements can lead to positive doping results (61%), supplements are needed with a balanced diet (58%) and require more information provided on supplements (96%). The athletes reported that they stop consuming supplements when they are not in training season (71%). Majority of the athletes claimed that they have knowledge of the active ingredients contained in the supplements taken by them (41%), and they also reported that their coaches were their main source of information (59%). Although 66% of them agreed to obtain medical advice before consuming any supplement, there is still a need to develop a system whereby people involved in sports (especially coaches) should have deep knowledge about the different supplements and their effects. The source of knowledge is a critical step to avoid any misleading information, given that doping is a serious offence in competitive sports.
This study is aimed to evaluate the obesity level and promote a healthy lifestyle among students at Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Perak. Fifteen male and fifteen female undergraduate students aged between 19 years to 24 years from each faculty of university Pendidikan Sultan Idris are randomly selected as samples (n=270). The Body Mass Index (BMI) and modified questionnaires by Burton (1999) are used as instruments for this study. Analysis showed that 15.9% of the respondents are overweight, 23.7% are in pre-obese level, 27.8% are in obese level one and 3.7% respondents are in obese level two. T-test analysis of independent samples was used to determine the level of knowledge and a healthy lifestyle among male and female students. The results showed that there is no significant difference between male and female students in the levels of healthy lifestyle practices with p = 0.089 (p> 0.05); the level of a healthy lifestyle practices among males (M = 71.57, SD = 8:42) have almost the same mean with females (M = 70.05, SD = 6:00). Furthermore, the findings indicate that the scores on the levels of knowledge on healthy lifestyle for male students is (M = 79.09, SD = 7:38), while the mean score for female students is (M = 76.95, SD = 8:59) with p = 0.028 (p <0.05). On comparing the means of the scores on the levels of knowledge on healthy lifestyle, the male students scored higher than the female students. It turns out there is a difference between male and female students in terms of the level of knowledge on healthy lifestyle. The study found that the respondents have a good knowledge on healthy lifestyle, but lack practice in daily life. This is an unpleasant indication because Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris students are facing the risk of cardiovascular-related diseases caused by obesity and a sedentary lifestyle.
Study site: Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI), Perak, Malaysia