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Perceptions and attitudes of pharmacy students towards volunteering at health promotional programs: a cross-sectional study from Malaysia

Saleem F, Hassali MA, Ibrahim ZS, Rasheedy AA, Aljadhey H

J Community Health, 2015 Apr;40(2):285-90.
PMID: 25115271 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-014-9930-y

The present study aims to explore the perceptions and understanding of future pharmacists towards volunteerism in health promotional activities. The study was designed as a cross sectional, descriptive survey. All pharmacy undergraduates (n = 293) from the first, second and third professional years enrolled at the School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia were targeted for the study. A pre validated, 15-itemed questionnaire was used for data collection and was analysed by using SPSS. Dichotomous groups were compared with Mann-Whitney U test. The Jonckheere-Terpstra test was used to evaluate the trend of association. Where significant associations were reported, effect size was calculated by using Kendall tau correlation coefficient. p value of <0.05 was considered to be of statistical significance. Out of 200 respondents, 185 completed the study with a response rate of 92.5 %. Agreement with mandatory status of volunteerism at community services was significant with gender (p = 0.003) and year of study (p = 0.045). Confidence in performing health promotional activities (p = 0.001, τ = 0.155) and needed communication skills during health promotional activities (p = 0.022, τ = 0.322) were also significantly associated with year of study with a moderate positive trend from junior to senior classes. Although pharmacy undergraduates showed positive interest and will to volunteer at the health promotional programs, certain issues were also highlighted. Therefore, in order to address these challenges, pharmacy curriculum needs to include a greater emphasis on role of pharmacists in public health. This can be achieved by having a dedicated core course as part of pharmacy curriculum.

Matched MeSH terms: Attitude of Health Personnel*
Job satisfaction, organisation commitment and retention in the public workforce: a survey among pharmacists in Malaysia

Chua GN, Yee LJ, Sim BA, Tan KH, Sin NK, Hassali MA, et al.

Int J Pharm Pract, 2014 Aug;22(4):265-74.
PMID: 25121161

The aims of the study were to assess job satisfaction and organisational commitment among pharmacists working in the public sector and its influence on their likelihood to stay within the public workforce.

Matched MeSH terms: Attitude of Health Personnel*
Determinants of telemedicine acceptance in selected public hospitals in Malaysia: clinical perspective

Zailani S, Gilani MS, Nikbin D, Iranmanesh M

J Med Syst, 2014 Sep;38(9):111.
PMID: 25038891 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-014-0111-4

The purpose of this study is to explore the determinants of telemedicine acceptance in selected public hospitals in Malaysia and to investigate the effect of health culture on the relationship between these determinants and telemedicine acceptance. Data were gathered by means of a survey of physicians and nurses as the main group of users of telemedicine technology from hospitals that are currently using telemedicine technology. The results indicated that government policies, top management support, perception of usefulness and computer self-efficiency have a positive and significant impact on telemedicine acceptance by public hospitals in Malaysia. The results also confirmed the moderating role of health culture on the relationship between government policies as well as perceived usefulness on telemedicine acceptance by Malaysian hospitals. The results are useful for decision-makers as well as managers to recognize the potential role of telemedicine and assist in the process of implementation, adoption and utilization, and, therefore, spread the usage of telemedicine technology in more hospitals in the country.

Matched MeSH terms: Attitude of Health Personnel*
Fulltext Medical professionalism from a socio-cultural perspective: evaluating medical residents communicative attitudes during the medical encounter in malaysia

Ganasegeran K, Al-Dubai SA

J Postgrad Med, 2014 Jan-Mar;60(1):12-5.
PMID: 24625933 DOI: 10.4103/0022-3859.128799

The practice of medicine requires good communication skills to foster excellent rapport in doctor patient relationship. Reports on communication skills learning attitude among medical professionals are key essentials toward improving patient safety and quality of care.

Matched MeSH terms: Attitude of Health Personnel/ethnology*
Sexuality education in Malaysia: perceived issues and barriers by professionals

Khalaf ZF, Low WY, Merghati-Khoei E, Ghorbani B

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2014 Jul;26(4):358-66.
PMID: 24489084 DOI: 10.1177/1010539513517258

This research explored the perspectives of Malaysian professionals on the issues and barriers affecting the implementation of sexuality education in Malaysia. This qualitative study involved in-depth interviews with 15 key professionals working in the field of sexuality and reproductive health in Malaysia. Thematic analysis was selected to analyze data. Barriers to sexuality education were perceived from 5 aspects: feasibility, acceptability, accountability, strategies, and community unawareness. Respondents believed that implementing national sexuality education is a time-consuming project. They regarded Malaysian multicultural society as a barrier to national sexuality education, and they believed that school-based sexuality education is not easily accomplished in Malaysia; also abstinence-only policy restricts the access of young people to accurate information. Lack of community involvement was perceived as a key concern to sexuality education. Campaigning to promote awareness of families, teachers, community leaders, and policy makers are recommended to help establishing national sexuality education in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Attitude of Health Personnel*
Medical students' attitudes toward people with dementia: an international investigation

Tullo ES, Young TJ

Int Psychogeriatr, 2014 Jan;26(1):165-71.
PMID: 24135153 DOI: 10.1017/S1041610213001737

BACKGROUND: The changing demographics of societies mean that medical students worldwide must be sufficiently prepared to care competently for patients with dementia through development of appropriate knowledge, skills, and attitudes. No previous research had explored undergraduate medical students' attitudes toward people with dementia.
METHODS: An adapted version of the Approaches to Dementia Questionnaire (ADQ) was completed by 501 medical undergraduates in years 1, 3, and 5 of their degree programs in the UK and Malaysia. Non-parametric statistical analysis focused on any differences between year groups and geographical locations.
RESULTS: The mean ADQ response indicated a generally positive attitude across the sample, comparable with other healthcare professionals previously surveyed. Year 3 and year 5 students expressed significantly more positive attitudes than year 1 students. Year 1 students based in the UK expressed significantly more positive attitudes than year 1 student based in Malaysia, but there were no significant differences between year 3 students based in different locations.
CONCLUSION: The more positive attitudes found amongst year 3 and year 5 students compared to year 1 may be a result of teaching emphasizing a person-centered approach. The differences between entry-level students from Malaysia and the UK may reflect variance in cultural norms and expectations, or the ADQ's "Western" origin. Medical schools aiming to equip students with dementia-specific skills and knowledge can draw on the generally positive attitudes found in this study.

Matched MeSH terms: Attitude of Health Personnel*
'They treat you like you are not a human being': maltreatment during labour and delivery in rural northern Ghana

Moyer CA, Adongo PB, Aborigo RA, Hodgson A, Engmann CM

Midwifery, 2014 Feb;30(2):262-8.
PMID: 23790959 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2013.05.006

to explore community and health-care provider attitudes towards maltreatment during delivery in rural northern Ghana, and compare findings against The White Ribbon Alliance's seven fundamental rights of childbearing women.

Matched MeSH terms: Attitude of Health Personnel*
Knowledge attitude and perception of dispensing doctors regarding generic medicines in Karachi, Pakistan: a qualitative study

Jamshed SQ, Hassali MA, Ibrahim MI, Babar ZU

J Pak Med Assoc, 2011 Jan;61(1):80-3.
PMID: 22368910
Matched MeSH terms: Attitude of Health Personnel*
Fulltext Attitudes of Malaysian general hospital staff towards patients with mental illness and diabetes

Minas H, Zamzam R, Midin M, Cohen A

BMC Public Health, 2011;11:317.
PMID: 21569613 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-317

The context of the study is the increased assessment and treatment of persons with mental illness in general hospital settings by general health staff, as the move away from mental hospitals gathers pace in low and middle income countries. The purpose of the study was to examine whether general attitudes of hospital staff towards persons with mental illness, and extent of mental health training and clinical experience, are associated with different attitudes and behaviours towards a patient with mental illness than towards a patients with a general health problem - diabetes.

Matched MeSH terms: Attitude of Health Personnel*
Student, tutor and staff nurse perceptions of the clinical learning environment

Chuan OL, Barnett T

Nurse Educ Pract, 2012 Jul;12(4):192-7.
PMID: 22277167 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2012.01.003

The aim of this exploratory study was to describe and compare student nurses (n=142), staff nurses (n=54) and nurse tutors (n=8) perceptions of the clinical learning environment (CLE), and to identify factors that enhanced or inhibited student learning. The setting was a private hospital in Penang, Malaysia. Data were collected using a structured, self-administered questionnaire that consisted of six a priori subscales. Principal component analysis supported a six factor solution and a reduction in the number of items from 44 to 34. Participants' overall perception of the CLE was positive, though there were significant differences in 5 of the 6 subscales between the three groups. For students and their tutors, the most positive component of the CLE was 'supervision by clinical instructors'. Staff nurses reported more favourably on the learner friendliness of the CLE than did students or tutors. Factors that enhanced student learning included students' and staff nurses' attitude towards student learning, variety of clinical opportunities, sufficient equipment, and adequate time to perform procedures. Factors that hindered student learning were: overload of students in the clinical unit, busy wards, and students being treated as workers.

Matched MeSH terms: Attitude of Health Personnel*
Understanding the need of health care providers for teleconsultation and technological attributes in relation to the acceptance of teleconsultation in Malaysia: a mixed methods study

Maarop N, Win KT

J Med Syst, 2012 Oct;36(5):2881-92.
PMID: 21826500 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-011-9766-2

The aim of this study was to explore the importance of service need along with perceived technology attributes in potentially influence the acceptance of teleconsultation. The study was conducted based on the concurrent triangulation design involving qualitative and quantitative study methods. These entailed interviews with key informants and questionnaires survey of health care providers who practiced in the participating hospitals in Malaysia. Thematic analysis involving iterative coding was conducted on qualitative data. Scale reliability test and hypothesis testing procedures were performed on quantitative data. Subsequently, both data were merged, compared and interpreted. In particular, this study utilized a qualitative priority such that a superior emphasis was placed on the qualitative method to demonstrate an overall understanding. Based on the responses of 20 key informants, there was a significant need for teleconsultation as a tool to extend health services to patients under constrained resources and critical conditions. Apparently, the latest attributes of teleconsultation technology have generally met users' expectation but rather perceived as supportive facets in encouraging the usage. Concurrently, based on the survey engaging 72 health care providers, teleconsultation acceptance was statistically proven to be strongly associated with service need and not originated exclusively from the technological attributes. Additionally, the results of this study can be used to promote teleconsultation as an effective means in delivering better health services. Thus, the categories emerged from this study may be further revised and examined for explaining the acceptance of teleconsultation technology in other relevant contexts.

Matched MeSH terms: Attitude of Health Personnel*
University of Malaya dental students' attitudes towards communication skills learning: implications for dental education

Nor NA, Yusof ZY, Shahidan MN

J Dent Educ, 2011 Dec;75(12):1611-9.
PMID: 22184601

The Ministry of Higher Education in Malaysia has called for the implementation of a soft skills module in all public universities in Malaysia. In response to this and as part of curriculum development efforts for a new integrated program for 2011, a study was undertaken to improve the University of Malaya (UM) Faculty of Dentistry's communication skills course. One of the study objectives was to investigate dental students' attitudes towards communication skills learning and the association between their attitudes and demographic and education-related characteristics. A cross-sectional survey--using a self-administered twenty-four-item adapted Communication Skills Attitude Scale (CSAS) that contained both positive (PAS) and negative (NAS) attitude subscales--was carried out targeting all final-year dental students at the UM and the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). A total of 148 students completed the survey, yielding a response rate of 88.1 percent. Overall, UKM students had significantly more positive attitudes towards communication skills learning (PAS score: mean=48.69, SD=4.48, p<0.001) than UM students (mean=46.03, SD=4.22). There was no statistically significant difference in negative attitudes between the two groups. UKM students with more positive attitudes tended to be female (p<0.05). UM students with more negative attitudes perceived themselves as poor communicators (p<0.05), and UKM students with more negative attitudes tended to have poor English proficiency (p<0.05). This study found that both UM and UKM final-year dental students have positive and negative attitudes towards learning communication skills. These attitudes were significantly associated with certain background and education-related attributes. Outcomes of this study served as a valuable guide in strengthening the communication skills course for the UM's new, integrated dental curriculum.

Matched MeSH terms: Attitude of Health Personnel*
Fulltext Caregivers' satisfaction of healthcare delivery at paediatric clinics of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre in 2009

Aniza I, Rizal AM, Ng YS, Mardhiyyah M, Helmi I, Syamimi BK, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2011 Jun;66(2):84-8.
PMID: 22106682

Patient's satisfaction has become increasingly important as patients evaluate healthcare services for both medical cost and quality. The purpose of this study was to measure the prevalence and the factors influencing caregivers' satisfaction. A cross sectional study of 262 respondents using universal sampling method was conducted at the paediatric clinics of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC). Overall, 90.5% were satisfied with the services provided. Satisfaction rates based on various healthcare delivery domains were: 95.0% for communication skills, 88.5% for interpersonal aspect, 83.6% for technical quality, 82.1% for financial aspect, 72.9% for time spent with doctors and 64.9% for ease of contact. This study shows that the caregivers (an unpaid person who helps a person cope with disease) were highly satisfied with the communicational aspect delivered by the clinic. However, there is still room for improvement on ease of contact domain and waiting time in order to produce high quality service.

Study site: Paediatric clinic, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM)

Matched MeSH terms: Attitude of Health Personnel*
Differences in physician attitudes towards patient-centredness: across four medical specialties

Chan CM, Ahmad WA

Int J Clin Pract, 2012 Jan;66(1):16-20.
PMID: 22171901 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2011.02831.x

Aims: There is limited study on patient-centred attitudes with regards to the patient–physician relationship in physicians. The objective of this study was to examine and compare physician attitudes toward patient-centredness in four different medical settings.
Methods: The present study utilised a cross-sectional survey design and purposive sampling to recruit physicians from a single academic medical centre via face-to-face interviews. Patient-centred attitudes of physicians specialising in surgery, oncology, obstetrics and gynaecology and primary care
(N = 78) were compared on the Patient–Practitioner Orientation Scale (PPOS) using an independent one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The four medical
specialties comprised the four levels, with role orientation (patient-centred orientation vs. doctor-centred orientation) as the dependent measure.
Results: A significant level of difference (p < 0.001) was found between the four specialisations:
oncologists were found to have the highest level of patient-centeredness, followed by obstetricians & gynaecologists and primary care physicians, with surgeons being the least patient-centred among specialisations sampled.
Conclusion: These data are the first from the South-East Asian region to demonstrate differences in
physician attitudes between medical specialties. Our findings prompt further investigation and confirmation as to whether physicians with particular attitudinal traits are attracted to any particular specialties of medicine, or if physician attitudes are acquired through professional experience and training. In addition, this study offers better insight into the attitudinal differences of physician between medical specialities.
Questionnaire: Patient–Practitioner Orientation Scale; PPOS

Matched MeSH terms: Attitude of Health Personnel*
Malaysian dental graduates' competence in holistic care: what do graduates and employers think?

Yusof ZY, Jaafar N, Jallaludin RL, Abu-Hassan MI, Razak IA

J Dent Educ, 2010 Dec;74(12):1380-7.
PMID: 21123505

The purpose of this study was to explore the University of Malaya (UM) dental graduates' competence in holistic care in real settings from the employers' and graduates' perspectives. A self-administered questionnaire consisting of ten domains was sent to thirty senior dental officers of the Ministry of Health (MOH) and 164 UM graduates. In this article, nineteen major competencies that best represent the graduates' competence in the provision of holistic care are discussed. Each competency was rated on a scale of 1 (very poor) to 4 (very good) and was categorized as "poor and of major concern" (if less than 60 percent of respondents scored good or very good), "satisfactory and of minor concern" (60-69 percent), or "excellent" (70 percent and above). One hundred and six out of 164 graduates (64.6 percent) and twenty-nine out of thirty employers (96.7 percent) responded. Overall, the employers rated the graduates lower than what the graduates rated themselves on all items. While the graduates felt they were excellent and satisfactory in sixteen out of nineteen items (84.2 percent), the employers felt they were poor in fourteen out of nineteen (73.7 percent). Both groups agreed that the graduates were excellent in communication, but poor in life-saving skills, obtaining patient's family and psychosocial histories, and recognizing signs and symptoms (not intraoral) indicating the presence of a systemic disease. In conclusion, although the graduates felt competent in the majority of the holistic care competencies, the employers had some reservations over such claims. Outcomes of the study led to recommendations to incorporate longer community-based learning hours, an improved behavioral science component, a module for special care patients, and multidepartmental collaborative teachings in the new integrated program aimed for implementation in 2011.

Matched MeSH terms: Attitude of Health Personnel*
User satisfaction with services provided by a drug information center in Sudan

Fathelrahman AI, Awang R, Bashir AA, Taha IA, Ibrahim HM

Pharm World Sci, 2008 Dec;30(6):759-63.
PMID: 18704750 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-008-9245-0

OBJECTIVE: The services of the Ministry of Health Drug Information Center--Khartoum State were evaluated by assessing users' satisfaction.
METHOD: Four hundred and twenty-three subjects were recruited from center records using a systematic random sampling technique. Subjects who consented were interviewed by telephone using a specially designed semi-structured questionnaire. Descriptive as well as comparative analyses were carried out. Differences between groups were tested using the Chi-square test when applicable.
RESULTS: The majority of users surveyed (89.6%) had called the center from within Khartoum State and 10.4% of users had called from other states. Of the enquiries, 36.1% were from pharmacists, 29.5% from physicians, and 22.3% from laypersons. The vast majority (93.1%) of respondents were educated to degree level or higher. Approximately one fifth, one half, and one third of the users surveyed had consulted the center >5 times, 2-5 times, and once, respectively. More than 90% of users rated the services provided as good to excellent and 94.7% declared their probable intention to continue utilizing the center in the future.
CONCLUSION: The center succeeded in satisfying and retaining its users by providing an acceptable quality of service.

Matched MeSH terms: Attitude of Health Personnel*
Fulltext Does clinical exposure to patients in medical school affect trainee doctors' attitudes towards mental disorders and patients?--A pilot study

Tan SMK, Azmi MT, Reddy JP, Shaharom MH, Rosdinom R, Maniam T, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2005 Aug;60(3):328-37.
PMID: 16379188

Stigmatising attitudes towards mental illness may improve with clinical exposure during medical school training. Attitudes of 48 fourth year medical students in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia were assessed before and after their compulsory attachment in Psychiatry, using the Attitude Towards Psychiatry-30 (ATP) and the Attitude towards Mental Illness (AMI) questionnaires. ATP scores improved significantly with training (104.8 and 114.4, pre- and post-attachment respectively) as did AMI scores (63.4 and 68.1 respectively). Both improvements were statistically significant. (ATP: z = 4.55, p < 0.0005) (AMI: z = 3.75, p < 0.0005). Attitudes towards mental illness appeared to have become more favourable with clinical training in psychiatry.

Matched MeSH terms: Attitude of Health Personnel*
General dental practitioners' views on early childhood caries and timing of the first dental visit in Selangor, Malaysia

Hussein AS, Schroth RJ, Abu-Hassan MI

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2015 Mar;27(2):NP2326-38.
PMID: 23420056 DOI: 10.1177/1010539513475645

This survey evaluated the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of general dental practitioners (GDPs) in Selangor regarding early childhood caries (ECC) prevention and the recommended timing of a child's first dental visit. A questionnaire was mailed to 521 licensed GDPs. Descriptive statistics were used, and bivariate and logistic regression analyses were performed. The response rate was 52.6%. Although 89.8% mentioned counseling parents and caregivers, only 44.2% were familiar with anticipatory guidance. Whereas 98.2% agreed that early examinations are important to prevent ECC, only 51.8% were aware of the recommendation for a first visit by 12 months of age. GDPs who recommended early dental visits were significantly more likely to be recent graduates, more familiar with professional guidelines, and less likely to be deterred by a child's crying or behavior. In conclusion, GDPs in Selangor are aware about the importance of early dental visits in ECC prevention. However, a considerable number of them are still not aware of the recommendation that children must first visit the dentist by 12 months of age. Furthermore, some of their current practices in ECC management and prevention do not match professional recommendations.

Matched MeSH terms: Attitude of Health Personnel*
Fulltext "I feel it is not enough…" Health providers' perspectives on services for victims of intimate partner violence in Malaysia

Colombini M, Mayhew S, Ali SH, Shuib R, Watts C

BMC Health Serv Res, 2013;13:65.
PMID: 23419141 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6963-13-65

This study explores the views and attitudes of health providers in Malaysia towards intimate partner violence (IPV) and abused women and considers whether and how their views affect the provision or quality of services. The impact of provider attitudes on the provision of services for women experiencing violence is particularly important to understand since there is a need to ensure that these women are not re-victimised by the health sector, but are treated sensitively.

Matched MeSH terms: Attitude of Health Personnel*
Fulltext Medical students' attitudes toward abortion education: Malaysian perspective

Tey NP, Yew SY, Low WY, Su'ut L, Renjhen P, Huang MS, et al.

PLoS One, 2012;7(12):e52116.
PMID: 23300600 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052116

Abortion is a serious public health issue, and it poses high risks to the health and life of women. Yet safe abortion services are not readily available because few doctors are trained to provide such services. Many doctors are unaware of laws pertaining to abortion. This article reports survey findings on Malaysian medical students' attitudes toward abortion education and presents a case for including abortion education in medical schools.

Matched MeSH terms: Attitude of Health Personnel*

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