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Open circuit potential study of stainless steel in environment containing marine sulphate-reducing bacteria

Fathul Karim Sahrani, Madzlan Abd. Aziz, Zaharah Ibrahim, Adibah Yahya

Sains Malaysiana, 2008;37.

The corrosion potential of AISI 304 stainless steel coupons influenced by sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) has been studied. Pure colony of SRB was isolated from the Malaysia Marine and Heavy Engineering, Pasir Gudang, Johor. Open circuit potential measurements were carried out in variable types of culturing solutions with SRB1, SRB2, combination of SRB1 & SRB2 and without SRBs inoculated. Results showed that the corrosion potential, Eoc increased in the presence of SRBs (in pure and mixed culture) compared to that of control. EDS analysis showed the strong peak of sulphur in coupon containing SRB cultures compared to the control. ESEM data showed that the high density cell of SRBs were associated with corroding sections of surface steel comparing with non-corroding sections for coupons immersed in VMNI medium containing SRBs.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Count
Genotoxic effect of zinc and cadmium following single and binary mixture exposures in tilapia (oreochromis niloticus) using micronucleus test

Abu Bakar S, Ashriya A, Shuib A, Razak S

Sains Malaysiana, 2014;43:1053-1059.

The aim of this study was to investigate the genotoxicity effect of Cd and Zn and their binary mixtures in tilapia fish Oreochromis niloticus using the micronucleus test. Two cytogenetic end points were considered; the frequencies of micronucleated cells and nuclear abnormalities. Fishes were exposed to 4.63 mg/L Cd, 7.50 mg/L Zn and 4.63 mg/L Cd + 7.50 mg/L Zn mixture for the period of 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. The results showed that the frequencies of micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities in the erythrocyte were significantly increased in all groups of treatments when compared with the control group (0 exposures). In addition, the highest frequencies of micronucleated and nuclear abnormalities were obtained after 48 h exposure in almost all cases (except in the mixture of Cd+Zn) and decreased after 72 and 96 h exposure. Frequencies of micronuclei and erythrocytes with nuclear abnormalities exposed to a mixture of Cd+Zn in O. niloticus were always lower at all-time points (after 24, 48, 72 and 96 h) than that of a single Cd and Zn exposure. Therefore, the study demonstrated that the genotoxic potential of these metal compounds and the simultaneous treatment of Cd and Zn suggest the presence of antagonistic interactions.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Count
Linear-time heuristic partitioning technique for mapping of connected graphs into single-row networks

Ser LL, Shaharuddin Salleh, Nor Haniza Sarmin

Sains Malaysiana, 2014;43:1263-1269.

In this paper, a model called graph partitioning and transformation model (GPTM) which transforms a connected graph into a single-row network is introduced. The transformation is necessary in applications such as in the assignment of telephone channels to caller-receiver pairs roaming in cells in a cellular network on real-time basis. A connected graph is then transformed into its corresponding single-row network for assigning the channels to the caller-receiver pairs. The GPTM starts with the linear-time heuristic graph partitioning to produce two subgraphs with higher densities. The optimal labeling for nodes are then formed based on the simulated annealing technique. Experimental results support our hypothesis that GPTM efficiently transforms the connected graph into its single-row network.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Count
Petiole Vascular Bundles and its Taxonomic Value in the Tribe Dipterocarpeae (Dipterocarpaceae)

Ruzi A, Ismail BS, Ummu Hani B, Sahimi S, Azi Azeyanty J, Noraini T

Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:247-253.

A comprehensive survey and descriptions on the petiole anatomy was undertaken on 16 species belonging to four selected genera (Anisoptera, Cotylelobium, Vatica and Upuna) in the tribe Dipterocarpeae to investigate variations in vascular bundle structure. Methods used in this study were petiole sectioning using a sliding microtome, staining, mounting and observation under light microscope. Findings had shown that all species studied have complex vascular bundle structures, consisting of outer and medullary vascular bundles. Four different types of vascular bundle arrangements were found and described as Types 1, 2, 3 and 4. The vascular bundle types were determined based on the arrangement and system of vascular bundle strands present in the petiole transverse sections. These vascular bundle types were determined and suggested for easy reference. The results showed that vascular bundles can be used for identification of certain species and can definitely be used for classification of different genera. The presence of sclerenchyma cells is useful in differentiating genera. As a conclusion, the petiole vascular bundle anatomical characteristics have taxonomic value, especially in the identification of some species and possibly applicable in the classification of the tribe Dipterocarpeae.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Count
Responses of different strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to osmotic stress

Noorhisham Tan Kofli, Nagahisa K, Shioya S, Shimizu H

Sains Malaysiana, 2006;35:9-15.

During fermentation cells are subjected to various kinds of stress. One of the stresses concerned is high osmotic environment, which cells need to encounter in order to continue growing. To understand how cells adapt to this stress condition, information from genome, proteome and metabolome levels are crucial. In yeast cells, it was report that they produce glycerol to avoid depletion of water in the cell that could lead to cell shrinkage and eventually death. Thus, investigation of physiological responses were executed by shake flask method using three different Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains namely s288c, IFO2347 and FY834 which were grown in yeast potato dextrose (YPD) medium under the treatment of sodium chloride (NaCl) and sorbitol at 1M concentration to create the osmotic condition. These agents were added into the medium after 5 hours of fermentation when the cells reached exponential phase and carbon source is still available. The results proved that addition of both NaCl and sorbitol created the osmotic condition during growth resulted in higher accumulation of glycerol and trehalose when compared to the control in all strains. Among these strains, production of glycerol (g glycerol/g cell dry weight) was found highest in IFO2347, followed by s288c and FY834.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Count
Nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si:H) and amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) based thin-film multijunction solar cell

Hussain S, Mehmood H, Ali G

Sains Malaysiana, 2014;43:895-898.

A novel thin-film multijunction solar cell based on nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si:H) is presented in this paper. Existing thin-film double junction solar cells are based on amorphous silicon carbide (aSiC:H) and amorphous silicon layers. Such solar cells have limited efficiency due to lower absorption and poor charge transport properties of the a-SiC:H layer. These solar cells have maximum achieved efficiency of about 8.8%. In this work, a-SiC:H has been replaced with nc-Si:H layer and the double junction solar cell has been redesigned. The proposed structure has been simulated with Silvaco TCAD (ATLAS). The simulated results indicated a step increase in the performance of the solar cell with open circuit voltage Voc=2 .096 V and efficiency 77 = 102%. It was proven that the nc-Si:H is a suitable material for the development of an efficient thin film multijunction solar cell.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Count
Physical properties and microstructure of butter cake added with Persea americana Puree

Marina AM, Nurhanan AR, Wan Rosli WI, Nurul Ain O

Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:1105-1111.

The effect of addition of avocado (Persea americana) puree on the physical and microstructure of butter cake was studied.
Butter cakes were made by replacing butter with 10, 30 and 50% of avocado puree. Physical properties including batter
specific gravity, volume, colour and image analysis of cellular structure of the crumb were analyzed. Texture profile
analysis was determined using texture analyzer. The results showed that with the increased amount of avocado puree,
the batter specific gravity increased while volume of the cakes reduced. The texture profile analysis showed that the cakes
became harder as the amount of avocado puree increased, while cohesiveness was not affected. The cellular structure of
the crumb exhibited a decrease in the number of air cells while the average cell size increased with addition of avocado
puree. The colour analysis showed that the cake crumb became darker as the aavocado puree was increased.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Count
Influence of benzyltriethylammonium chloride on biocorrosion activity of consortium bacteria from tropical crude oil

Mohd Nazri Idris, Abdul Razak Daud, Nur Akma Mahat, Mohd Hafizuddin Ab Ghani, Norinsan Kamil Othman, Fathul Karim Sahrani

Sains Malaysiana, 2015;44:1593-1598.

The performance of pipeline system used in petroleum industry is crucially declined by natural microbial activities and
demanding extra operational cost. Requirement on high capability of functional substances is attracting worldwide
research interest. The aim of this paper was to study the effectiveness of benzyltriethylammonium chloride (BTC) on
reducing the activity of a consortium bacteria consisting of sulfate-reducing bacteria (C-SRB). C-SRB was isolated from
tropical crude oil and enumeration of this consortium was measured by viable cell count technique. The effectiveness of
BTC was calculated from potentiodynamic polarization method and biofilm analysis was performed by scanning electron
microscope. The viable cell count technique indicated that the maximum growth of C-SRB was approximately 160 trillion
CFU/mL at 7 days incubation period. BTC was capable of reducing biocorrosion activity due to adsorption process and
mitigating SRB species. Biofilm analysis has proven that C-SRB activity is minimized due to less presence of bacterial
growth, extracellular polymeric substances and corrosion product. In conclusion, BTC is capable to inhibit C-SRB activity
on biocorrosion of carbon steel pipeline.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Count
Total nucleated cell count and cd34+ cell is reduced in preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus pregnancies: viable affix criteria for cord blood banking

Mohd Razif Mohd Idris, Fazlina Nordin, Fadilah Abd Wahid S, Zaleha Abdullah Mahdy

Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:2491-2499.

The aim of this study to determine the numbers of CD34+ cells and total nucleated cell (TNC) in umbilical cord blood (UCB)
collected from pregnant mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and preeclampsia (PE), following statistical
analysis of both maternal and perinatal factors which affect UCB parameters. Most of studies explored the influence of
obstetric factors on the number of UCB cell collection and only a few looked at the effects on UCB haematopoietic stem
cell (UCB-HSC) of common disorders complicating pregnancy. A total of 112 UCB samples (32 PE, 42 GDM and 38 nondiseased) were collected. CD34+ cell and NC count were enumerated using FACS Calibur. The TNC and CD34+ cells were
significantly reduced in both PE and GDM groups as compared to the control group. The PE group shows significantly
lower birth weight and higher BP which led to a lower UCB volume and CD34+ count. Gestational age shows significant
correlation with nucleated cell count (NCC) and TNC. GDM group shows significantly lower systolic BP, NCC and TNC count,
including low placental weight and birth weight. Conclusively, some obstetrics factors have significant influences to the
numbers and quality of UCB-HSC in both PE and GDM groups, which could guide in the selection criteria for CB banking.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Count
Power divergence statistics under quasi independence model for square contingency tables

Akta? S

Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:1565-1572.

In incomplete contingency tables, some cells may contain structural zeros. The quasi-independence model, which is a generalization of the independence model, is most commonly model used to analyze incomplete contingency tables. Goodness of fit tests of the quasi-independence model are usually based on Pearson chi square test statistic and likelihood ratio test statistic. In power divergence statistics family, the selection of power divergence parameter is of interest in multivariate discrete data. In this study, a simulation study is conducted to evaluate the performance of the power divergence statistics under quasi independence model for particular power divergence parameters in terms of power values.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Count
Tualang honey consumption enhanced hippocampal pyramidal count and spatial memory performance of adult male rats

Mohd Amiruddin Kamarulzaidi, Zulkifli Mohd. Yusoff MY, Abdul Majid Mohamed, Durriyyah Sharifah Hasan Adli

Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:215-220.

As a natural anti-oxidant source, Tualang honey, produced by wild bees nesting on the Tualang tree (Koompassia excelsa) is expected to have positive influence on health, including memory. This study investigated the effect of Tualang honey on the cell count of memory formation related hippocampal pyramidal neuron and on spatial memory performance (SMP) of rats using the radial arm maze (RAM). Sprague Dawley male rats (n=24), 7-8 weeks old were divided into two groups; experimental group group force-fed 1 mL/100 g body weight with 70% honey (HG); and the control group with 0.9% saline (CG) for 12 weeks. Nissl staining technique (with cresyl violet) was employed for neurohistological analysis of the hippocampal tissue. Six randomly selected rats from each group were used for the neuronal soma counting of pyramidal cell layer CA1, CA3a and CA3c regions. Two-way ANOVA analysis showed positively significant differences between treatment and control groups for SMP comparison of working memory and reference memory components, as well as the number of pyramidal neurons. Hence, this positive effects of Tualang honey, as demonstrated behaviorally and neurohistologically, supported report that Tualang honey could improve memory and deter hippocampal morphological impairments; possibly due to its high anti-oxidant properties.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Count
Fulltext Bronchopulmonary lophomoniasis: A rare cause of pneumonia in an immunosuppressed host

Wahid W, Ahmad Fahmi NA, Mohd Salleh AF, Mohd Yasin '

Respir Med Case Rep, 2019;28:100939.
PMID: 31667075 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2019.100939

Bronchopulmonary lophomoniasis is rare but immunocompromised individual is susceptible to this infection. We reported a case of bronchopulmonary lophomoniasis in a Malaysian female with systemic lupus erythromatosus. She presented with productive cough, shortness of breath and high-grade fever for 2 weeks. Physical examination revealed bronchial sound and crackles over the left lung with, reduced expansion and dull percussion in lower left lobe. Chest radiography showed consolidation of the left lung. Routine laboratory tests revealed general low cell count. Blood and sputum culture were negative. Bronchoalveolar lavage stain and culture for bacterial and fungal were negative. Bronchoalveolar lavage for Lophomonas blattarum was positive. Patient was treated with antiprotozoal drug, metronidazole. All her clinical problems resolved and she was discharged 14 days after admission.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Count
Heterotrophic cultivation of microalgae for production of biodiesel

Mohamed MS, Wei LZ, Ariff AB

Recent Pat Biotechnol, 2011 Aug;5(2):95-107.
PMID: 21707527

High cell density cultivation of microalgae via heterotrophic growth mechanism could effectively address the issues of low productivity and operational constraints presently affecting the solar driven biodiesel production. This paper reviews the progress made so far in the development of commercial-scale heterotrophic microalgae cultivation processes. The review also discusses on patentable concepts and innovations disclosed in the past four years with regards to new approaches to microalgal cultivation technique, improvisation on the process flow designs to economically produced biodiesel and genetic manipulation to confer desirable traits leading to much valued high lipid-bearing microalgae strains.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Count
Fulltext Pulmonary modulation of benzo[a]pyrene-induced hemato- and hepatotoxicity in broilers

Latif IK, Karim AJ, Zuki AB, Zamri-Saad M, Niu JP, Noordin MM

Poult Sci, 2010 Jul;89(7):1379-88.
PMID: 20548065 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2009-00622

Aftermath in several air pollution episodes with high concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons did not significantly affect health and performance of broilers despite its renowned sensitivity to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The aim of the study was to elucidate the previous lack of response in birds exposed to such severe episodes of air pollution. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) was used to simulate the influence of air pollution on hematology, selected organ function, and oxidative stress in broilers. One-day-old chicks were assigned to 5 equal groups composed of a control group, tricaprylin group, and 3 groups treated with BaP (at 1.5 microg, 150 microg, or 15 mg/kg of BW). The BaP was intratracheally administered to 1-d-old chicks for 5 consecutive days. The hematology, liver and kidney function, P450 activity, and malondialdehyde level especially in the group receiving 15 mg of BaP/kg of BW demonstrated evidence of hemato- and hepatoxicity via BaP-induced oxidative stress. The deleterious effect of exposure to high concentration of BaP in broiler chickens was probably due to the anatomy of this species and the half-life of BaP. Although the effect of BaP may be transient or irreversible, pathogen challenges faced during the period of suppression may prove fatal.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Cell Count/veterinary
Fulltext Attrition of TCR Vα7.2+ CD161++ MAIT cells in HIV-tuberculosis co-infection is associated with elevated levels of PD-1 expression

Saeidi A, Tien Tien VL, Al-Batran R, Al-Darraji HA, Tan HY, Yong YK, et al.

PLoS One, 2015;10(4):e0124659.
PMID: 25894562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124659

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are evolutionarily conserved antimicrobial MR1-restricted CD8(+) T cells co-expressing the semi-invariant TCR Vα7.2, and are numerous in the blood and mucosal tissues of humans. MAIT cells appear to undergo exhaustion in chronic viral infections. However, their role in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) mono-infection and HIV/tuberculosis (TB) co-infection have seldom been elaborately investigated. We conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate the frequencies and phenotypes of CD161(++)CD8(+) T cells among anti-retroviral therapy (ART)/anti-TB therapy (ATT) treatment-naïve HIV/TB co-infected, ART/TB treated HIV/TB co-infected, ART naïve HIV-infected, ART-treated HIV-infected patients, and HIV negative healthy controls (HCs) by flow cytometry. Our data revealed that the frequency of MAIT cells was severely depleted in HIV mono- and HIV/TB co-infections. Further, PD-1 expression on MAIT cells was significantly increased in HIV mono- and HIV-TB co-infected patients. The frequency of MAIT cells did not show any significant increase despite the initiation of ART and/or ATT. Majority of the MAIT cells in HCs showed a significant increase in CCR6 expression as compared to HIV/TB co-infections. No marked difference was seen with expressions of chemokine co-receptor CCR5 and CD103 among the study groups. Decrease of CCR6 expression appears to explain why HIV-infected patients display weakened mucosal immune responses.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Count
Fulltext Haematological reference intervals in a multiethnic population

Ambayya A, Su AT, Osman NH, Nik-Samsudin NR, Khalid K, Chang KM, et al.

PLoS One, 2014;9(3):e91968.
PMID: 24642526 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091968

INTRODUCTION: Similar to other populations, full blood count reference (FBC) intervals in Malaysia are generally derived from non-Malaysian subjects. However, numerous studies have shown significant differences between and within populations supporting the need for population specific intervals.
METHODS: Two thousand seven hundred twenty five apparently healthy adults comprising all ages, both genders and three principal races were recruited through voluntary participation. FBC was performed on two analysers, Sysmex XE-5000 and Unicel DxH 800, in addition to blood smears and haemoglobin analysis. Serum ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor and C-reactive protein assays were performed in selected subjects. All parameters of qualified subjects were tested for normality followed by determination of reference intervals, measures of central tendency and dispersion along with point estimates for each subgroup.
RESULTS: Complete data was available in 2440 subjects of whom 56% (907 women and 469 men) were included in reference interval calculation. Compared to other populations there were significant differences for haemoglobin, red blood cell count, platelet count and haematocrit in Malaysians. There were differences between men and women, and between younger and older men; unlike in other populations, haemoglobin was similar in younger and older women. However ethnicity and smoking had little impact. 70% of anemia in premenopausal women, 24% in postmenopausal women and 20% of males is attributable to iron deficiency. There was excellent correlation between Sysmex XE-5000 and Unicel DxH 800.
CONCLUSION: Our data confirms the importance of population specific haematological parameters and supports the need for local guidelines rather than adoption of generalised reference intervals and cut-offs.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Cell Count
Fulltext Performance Characteristics of Ankistrodesmus falcatus in Different Culture Media and Concentration

Okomoda VT, Abdulrahman AK, Khatoon H, Mithun S, Oladimeji AS, Abol-Munafi AB, et al.

Plants (Basel), 2021 Apr 13;10(4).
PMID: 33924298 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040755

This study determined the effect of growth media and culture concentration on the growth, proximate, and microelement composition of Ankistrodesmus falcatus. The culture of A. falcatus was done using three media, namely Modified COMBO Medium (COMBO), Bold's Basal Medium (BBM), and Bristol, at two concentrations (50% and 100%). The results obtained show that the cell density (>3.5 × 107 cells/mL), optical density (>0.24), and specific growth rate (>0.429%/day) were significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) in BBM and COMBO than in Bristol (<3.1 × 107 cells/mL; <0.23; <0.416%/day, respectively) at both concentrations. However, biomass was higher in BBM (>2.20 g/L) than in COMBO (1.87-2.13 g/L), while Bristol had the lowest value observed (1.70-1.73 g/L). Biochemical and microelement composition showed variations between media and at the different concentrations, with higher values observed in BBM and COMBO. Based on the growth parameters and nutritional composition, it was concluded that BBM and COMBO were better media for the propagation of A. falcatus growth than Bristol. The study also demonstrated that the microalgae can be cultured using half of the media's concentration to lower production costs.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Count
Fulltext In Vitro Mean Red Blood Cell Volume Change Induced by Diode Pump Solid State Low-Level Laser of 405 nm

Musawi MS, Jafar MS, Al-Gailani BT, Ahmed NM, Suhaimi FM, Suardi N

Photomed Laser Surg, 2016 May;34(5):211-4.
PMID: 26966989 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2015.4043

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of low-level laser (LLL) doses on human red blood cell volume. The effects of exposure to a diode pump solid state (DPSS) (λ = 405 nm) laser were observed.
BACKGROUND DATA: The response of human blood to LLL irradiation gives important information about the mechanism of interaction of laser light with living organisms. Materials and methods Blood samples were collected into ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-containing tubes, and each sample was divided into two equal aliquots, one to serve as control and the other for irradiation. The aliquot was subjected to laser irradiation for 20, 30, 40, or 50 min at a fixed power density of 0.03 W/cm(2). Mean cell volume (MCV) and red blood cell (RBC) counts were measured immediately after irradiation using a computerized hemtoanalyzer.
RESULTS: Significant decrease in RBC volume (p cell shrinkage.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Cell Count
Fulltext Repeated fed-batch cultivation of nitrogen-fixing bacterium, bacillus sphaericus UPMB10, using glycerol as the carbon source

Ariff, A.B., Ooi, T.C., Shamsuddin, Z.H., Halimi, M.S.

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2010;18(2):-.
MyJurnal

The exponential fed-batch cultivation of Bacillus sphaericus UPMB10 in 2 l stirred tank fermenter was performed by feeding the initial batch culture with 14 g l-1 of glycerol according to the algorithm aimed at controlling the specific growth rate (μ) of the bacterium. Very high viable cell count (1.14 x 1010 cfu ml-1), which was four times higher as compared to batch cultivation, was achieved in the fed-batch with a controlled μ at 0.4 h-1. In repeated exponential fed-batch cultivation, consisting of four cycles of harvesting and recharging, a final cell concentration of 1.9 x 1011 cfu ml-1 was obtained at the end of the fourth cycle (46 h). Meanwhile, acetylene reduction of cell samples collected from repeated fed-batch cultivation remained unchanged and was maintained at around 20 nmol C2H2 h-1 ml-1 after prolonged cultivation period, and was comparable to those obtained in batch and exponential fed-batch cultivation. Glycerol could be used as a carbon source for high performance cultivation of B. sphaericus, a nitrogen fixing bacterium, in repeated fed-batch cultivation with high cell yield and cell productivity. The productivity (0.68 g l-1 h-1) for repeated fed-batch cultivation increased about 6 times compared to that obtained in conventional batch cultivation (0.11 g l1 h-1). A innovative method in utilizing glycerol for efficient cultivation of nitrogen fixing bacterium could be beneficial to get more understanding and reference in manipulating the integrated plans for sustainable and profitable biodiesel industry.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Count
Fulltext Isolation and adaptation of Diatoms in a new formulated enriched medium

Syafiqa Hayati Mohd Ali, Norazlina Ahmad, Khairul Adzfa Radzun

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(107):21-30.
MyJurnal

This study describes the adaptations of diatoms, Cylindrotheca fusiformis and other marine diatoms, in a new formulated enriched medium Tris-phosphate seawater (TP-SW). The medium was designed to maintain long-term cultures of wide-range marine diatoms in laboratory that produces high biomass of cultures. The diatoms were adapted and cultivated in the medium for 15 days and the number of cells was recorded daily. It was found that the number of cells declined after two weeks indicating death phase of the cells. This indicates that the TP-SW medium has supported the growth of diatoms during the period and can be used to cultivate diatoms in vitro. Studies on the TP-SW medium must be done to obtain optimal medium that can provide not only a conducive environment for the survival of diatoms but also high biomass production.

Matched MeSH terms: Cell Count

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