Displaying publications 61 - 80 of 1117 in total

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  1. Current attitudes of the society towards leprosy and the changing role of the National Leprosy Control Centre, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
    Kandiah N, Mohd Riji H, Palan VT
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1978 Mar;9(1):103-11.
    PMID: 705411
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology
  2. Mercury in scalp hair of healthy Singapore residents
    Foo SC, Ngim CH, Phoon WO, Lee J
    Sci Total Environ, 1988 Jun 15;72:113-22.
    PMID: 3406725
    Two hundred and twenty-five hair samples (150 Chinese, 44 Malays and 31 Indians) from healthy residents not occupationally exposed to mercury were analyzed by cold vapour atomic absorption spectrophotometry to determine their total, inorganic and organic mercury levels. The arithmetic means of total mercury levels in hair were 6.1, 5.2 and 5.4 ppm for the Chinese, Malays and Indians, respectively. Factors contributing to the amount of mercury in hair, including consumption of fish and marine products, use of traditional ethnic medicines, artificial hair waving, age, sex and ethnicity were analyzed. Fish consumption, sex and ethnicity are factors found to contribute significantly (p less than 0.05) to mercury levels in hair.
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology
  3. Epstein-Barr Virus Seroprevalence and Force of Infection in a Multiethnic Pediatric Cohort, Singapore
    Setoh JWS, Ho CKM, Yung CF, Tam C, Yelen, Tee NWS
    Pediatr Infect Dis J, 2019 12;38(12):1173-1176.
    PMID: 31738332 DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000002484
    BACKGROUND: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) spreads through bodily fluids, especially saliva, and can cause infectious mononucleosis. EBV immunity and infection status can be assessed by testing EBV viral capsid antigen and nuclear antigen (EBNA) antibodies in blood. In this study, we investigated the seroprevalence and force of infection (FOI) of EBV antibodies among children and young people in 3 ethnic groups in Singapore.

    METHODS: Eight hundred ninety-six residual serum samples at a tertiary hospital were tested for viral capsid antigen (IgG and IgM) and EBNA IgG antibodies using Abbott Architect assays. We calculated the EBV seroprevalence using catalytic models to estimate the EBV force of infection from age-stratified seroprevalence data, both overall and by ethnic group.

    RESULTS: Overall seropositivity was 68.3% (n = 612). Seropositivity was higher in Malays (81.8%) compared with both Chinese (64.2%) and Indians (58.4%). EBV FOI was consistently higher in Malays, with an estimated annual rate of seroconversion of 25% in children 1 year, of age compared with 14% among Chinese and Indians at the same age.

    CONCLUSIONS: The seroprevalence patterns of EBV antibodies in the Chinese and Indian, but not Malay children in Singapore by 19 years of age resemble those previously reported in developed countries. Ideally, any future EBV vaccination strategy would need to target infants <1 year of age for maximum population benefit.

    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology
  4. Psychological reactions in disease and their management
    Ngui PW
    Nurs J Singapore, 1978 Nov;18(2):124-6.
    PMID: 253240
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology
  5. Fulltext Metformin: a differential diagnosis for weight loss, altered bowel habits and B12 deficiency anemia in an elderly diabetic
    Cheong B
    Med J Malaysia, 2013 Oct;68(5):441-2.
    PMID: 24632877 MyJurnal
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology
  6. Fulltext Associated factors of sleep quality and behavior among students of two tertiary institutions in northern Malaysia
    Lai PP, Say YH
    Med J Malaysia, 2013 Jun;68(3):195-203.
    PMID: 23749006 MyJurnal
    The objective of the study was to investigate the associated factors of sleep quality and behavior among Malaysian tertiary students. The response rate to the questionnaire study was 41.0%. 1,118 students (M = 486, F = 632; mean age = 20.06 ± 1.53 years) were recruited from Universiti and Kolej Tunku Abdul Rahman (Perak campuses) who completed a sleep quality and behavior questionnaire based on Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Horne-Ostberg Morningness-Eveningness Scale (MES) and craving of high-calorie foods. Results showed that students had the following sleeping habits - bed time = 2.41 a.m. ± 3.35 hr, rise time = 9.00 a.m. ± 1.76 hr, sleep latency = 16.65 ± 14.30 min and sleep duration = 7.31 ± 1.45 hr. 32.9% of the students were defined as poor quality sleepers, 30.6% suffering excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and 81.6% were categorized as individuals with 'definitely eveningness', defined as people who are definitely most alert in the late evening hours and prefer to go to bed late. There were no significant gender differences in sleep quality, 'chronotype' and EDS. Although there was no association of sleep quality and EDS with cumulative Grade Point Average (cGPA) and class skipping, EDS was associated with the tendency to fall asleep in class. Body Mass Index (BMI) was not associated with total sleep, PSQI, ESS and MES scores. Meanwhile, high-calorie food craving was associated with sleep duration, PSQI and ESS, but not MES. In conclusion, poor sleep behavior among Malaysian tertiary students in this study was not associated with gender, academic performance and BMI, but was associated with craving of high-calorie foods instead.
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology
  7. Fulltext Community-based cardiovascular Risk Factors Intervention Strategies (CORFIS) in managing hypertension: A pragmatic non-randomised controlled trial
    Low WHH, Seet W, Ramli AS, Ng KK, Jamaiyah H, Dan SP, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2013 Apr;68(2):129-35.
    PMID: 23629558 MyJurnal
    BACKGROUND: Hypertension is the number one cardiovascular risk factor in Malaysia. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a Community-Based Cardiovascular Risk Factors Intervention Strategies (CORFIS) in the management of hypertension in primary care.
    METHODS: This is a pragmatic, non-randomized controlled trial. Seventy general practitioners (GPs) were selected to provide either CORFIS (44 GPs) or conventional care (26 GPs) for 6 months. A total of 486 hypertensive patients were recruited; 309 were in the intervention and 177 in the control groups. Primary outcome was the proportion of hypertensive patients who achieved target blood pressure (BP) of <140/90mmHg (for those without diabetes mellitus) and <130/80mmHg (with diabetes mellitus). Secondary outcomes include change in the mean/median BP at 6-month as compared to baseline.
    RESULTS: The proportion of hypertensive patients who achieved target BP at 6-month was significantly higher in the CORFIS arm (69.6%) as compared to the control arm (57.6%), P=0.008. Amongst those who had uncontrolled BP at baseline, the proportion who achieved target BP at 6-month was also significantly higher in the CORFIS arm (56.6%) as compared to the control arm (34.1%), p<0.001. There was no difference in the patients who had already achieved BP control at baseline. There were significant reductions in SBP in the CORFIS arm (median -9.0mmHg; -60 to 50) versus control (median -2mmHg; -50 to 48), p=0.003; as well as in DBP (CORFIS arm: median -6.0mmHg; ranged from -53 to 30 versus control arm: median 0.0mmHg; ranged from -42 to 30), p<0.001.
    CONCLUSIONS: Patients who received CORFIS care demonstrated significant improvements in achieving target BP.
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology
  8. Fulltext Prevalence of asymptomatic atrial fibrillation in Malaysian patients with hypertension
    Wong JS, Bau R, Ahmad F, Ismail R, Yip AFY
    Med J Malaysia, 2013 Apr;68(2):141-3.
    PMID: 23629560 MyJurnal
    Atrial fibrillation (AF) is usually asymptomatic and often associated with established cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension. The prevalence atrial fibrillation in patients admitted to Malaysian hospitals has been determined, but asymptomatic atrial fibrillation (AAF) in hypertensive patients in the primary care setting is not established. This study reports the prevalence of AAF in hypertensive patients in Malaysia, in a primary care setting. The overall prevalence of AAF was 0.75% with no differences between the gender. The prevalence of AAF increases with age - in the age groups of 30-39, >40-49, >50-59, >60-69, 70-79 and >80 years old were 0%, 0.17%, 0.35%, 2.32%, 2.59%, and 0% respectively. Hypertensive patients with age of ≥ 61 year old were associated with a probability of 10.6 times higher for AAF. We suggest the age threshold to screen for AAF to be age of 60. It is estimated that there are 49,029 Malaysians with AAF in 2010. A large population is at risk of AAF-related complications. There is justification for an even greater emphasis on diagnostic, primary and secondary prevention strategies.
    Study site: Klinik Kesihatan Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology
  9. Fulltext Morbidity profiles at three primary care clinics in Perlis, Malaysia
    Kamarudin MF, Mohamad Noh K, Jaafar S
    Med J Malaysia, 2012 Aug;67(4):363-8.
    PMID: 23082442 MyJurnal
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology
  10. Fulltext Preliminary study on association of beta2-adrenergic receptor polymorphism with hypertension in hypertensive subjects attending Balok Health Centre, Kuantan
    Atia AE, Norsidah K, Nor Zamzila A, Rafidah Hanim M, Samsul D, Aznan MA, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2012 Feb;67(1):25-30.
    PMID: 22582545
    Polymorphisms within the beta2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) gene have been repeatedly linked to hypertension. Among the ADRB2 polymorphisms detected, Arg16Gly and Gln27Glu codons are considered the two most important variations. The amino acid substitution at these codons may lead to abnormal regulation of ADRB2 activity. The aim of the present study was to assess the association between ADRB2 polymorphisms and hypertension. This case-control study consisted of 100 unrelated subjects (50 hypertensive and 50 matched normal controls). Arg16Gly and the Gln27Glu polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. There were no significant evidence of association in allelic and genotypes distribution of Arg16Gly and Glu27Gln with blood pressure and hypertension. These findings suggest that the variation within codon 16 and 27 of ADRB2 gene were unlikely to confer genetic susceptibility for hypertension in our population samples.
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology
  11. Fulltext Prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors among attendees of the Batu 9, Cheras Health Centre, Selangor, Malaysia
    Amplavanar NT, Gurpreet K, Salmiah MS, Odhayakumar N
    Med J Malaysia, 2010 Sep;65(3):173-9.
    PMID: 21939163 MyJurnal
    This study describes the prevalence of selected cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors screened in patients 30 years and above attending a health centre in Cheras, Selangor. The study involved 3772 patients screened from March 2002 to June 2008. Risk factors screened included blood pressure, height, weight, serum total cholesterol, random blood sugar levels and smoking status. Majority of respondents were between 40 and 49 years of age (58.1%), males (64.7%) and ethnic Malays (74.4%). About two thirds (62.6%) were found to be overweight or obese, two fifths (40.2%) had hypercholesterolemia, a third (34.2%) had hypertension and 31.6% were smokers at some time. Overall 87% and 60% had at least one and two CVD risk factors respectively. Prevalence of four of the five risk factors screened was highest among the Malay middle aged men and lowest among the Chinese. Thus a substantial proportion of middle aged men were at high risk of CVD. Our findings show the need for ongoing monitoring of CVD risk factors and implementation of effective preventive strategies.
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology
  12. Fulltext Malaysia Shape of the Nation (MySoN): a primary care based study of abdominal obesity in Malaysia
    Zaki M, Robaayah Z, Chan SP, Vadivale M, Lim TO
    Med J Malaysia, 2010 Jun;65 Suppl A:143-9.
    PMID: 21488476
    Abdominal obesity (AO), measured by waist circumference (WC), is a stronger predictor of subsequent development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) than generalised obesity, which is measured by body mass index (BMI). This study aimed to measure WC and prevalence of AO in Malaysians visiting primary care physicians. 1893 patients between the ages of 18 and 80 attending primary care clinics in Malaysia were recruited over two days for this multi-centre cross-sectional study. Pregnant women were excluded, their medical history, weight, height and WC were examined. The prevalence of co-morbidities were as follows: (1) CVD-4%, lipid disorder-17%, hypertension-26%, diabetes-14% and any of the clinical characteristics of CVD/lipid disorder/hypertension/diabetes-38%. The mean BMI for men and women was 25.62 +/- 4.73 kg/m2 and 26.63 +/- 5.72 kg/m2, respectively. Based on WHO criteria for BMI (overweight, 25-29.9 kg/m2; obese, > 30 kg/m2), 34.2% were overweight and 20.4% were obese. The mean WC for men and women was 89.03 +/- 13.45 cm and 84.26 +/- 12.78 cm, respectively. Overall, 55.6% had AO and there was higher prevalence among women (based on International Diabetes Federation criteria: WC > or = 90 cm for men and > or = 80 cm for women). AO was present in approximately 71% patients with lipid disorder, in 76% with hypertension and in 75% with diabetes. Patients with AO were also at a higher risk of developing co-morbidities. Malaysia has a high prevalence of AO and associated cardiovascular risk factors. This needs to be addressed by public health programs, which should also include routine measurement of WC.
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology
  13. Fulltext The prevalence and characteristics associated with mother-infant bed-sharing in Klang district, Malaysia
    Tan KL, Ghani SN, Moy FM
    Med J Malaysia, 2009 Dec;64(4):311-5.
    PMID: 20954557 MyJurnal
    This was a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence and characteristics of mother-infant bed-sharing practice in Klang district, Malaysia. Data was collected by face-to-face interview using a structured questionnaire for a four month period in 2006. A total of 682 mother-infant pairs attending government health clinics were included in the study. Data regarding socio-demographic characteristics of the mothers, information on the infants, bed-sharing and breastfeeding practices were collected. The mean maternal age was 28.4 +/- 5.1 years while the mean infant gestational age was 38.8 +/- 1.8 weeks. The study showed the prevalence of bed-sharing was 73.5% (95% CI: 70.0, 76.7). In multivariate analysis; area of interview, maternal occupation, family income, breastfeeding and infant birth weight were associated with bed-sharing after adjusted for maternal ethnicity, age, marital status, educational level, parity, infant gender and infant gestational age. In conclusion, bed-sharing is a common practice in Klang district, Malaysia, not specific to ethnicity, but strongly associated with low family income and breastfeeding.
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology
  14. Fulltext Role of primary care providers in dengue prevention and control in the community
    Ang KT, Rohani I, Look CH
    Med J Malaysia, 2010 Mar;65(1):58-62.
    PMID: 21265251 MyJurnal
    Dengue fever is a major public health threat in Malaysia, especially in the highly urbanized states of Selangor and the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur. It is believed that many seek treatment at the primary care clinics and are not admitted. This study aims at establishing the fact that primary care practitioners, as the first point of patient contacts, play a crucial role in advising patients suspected of having dengue to take early preventive measures to break the chain of dengue transmission. A total of 236 patients admitted to two government hospitals for suspected dengue fever were interviewed using a structured questionnaire over a one week period in December 2008. It was found that 83.9% of the patients had sought treatment at a Primary Care (PC) facility before admission to the hospital, with 68.7% of them seeking treatment on two or more occasions. The mean time period for seeking treatment at primary care clinic was one and a half (1.4) days of fever, compared to almost five (4.9) days for admission. The majority of patients (96-98%) reported that primary care practitioners had not given them any advice on preventive measures to be taken even though 51.9% of the patients had been told they could be having dengue fever. This study showed the need for primary care providers to be more involved in the control and prevention of dengue in the community, as these patients were seen very early in their illness compared to when they were admitted.
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology
  15. Fulltext Hypertensive retinopathy and visual outcome in hypertensive disorders in pregnancy
    Rasdi AR, Nik-Ahmad-Zuky NL, Bakiah S, Shatriah I
    Med J Malaysia, 2011 Mar;66(1):42-7.
    PMID: 23765142 MyJurnal
    The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypertensive retinopathy, features of hypertensive retinopathy and visual outcome in hypertensive disorders in pregnancy in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia. A prospective observational hospital based study involving 154 patients (308 eyes) with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy was conducted. All subjects were examined once during antenatal period, at a minimum of 35 weeks of gestation for blood pressure, visual acuity and funduscopy. The similar protocol was repeated at six weeks postnatal period. Thirty-two point five percent had hypertensive retinopathy. Ninety eight percent had visual acuity 6/6 during antenatal assessment, while 100.00% gained 6/6 at postnatal period. Generalized arteriolar narrowing was the most common retinopathy observed. There was no statistically significant association between presence of hypertensive retinopathy and maternal age, presenting visual acuity, systolic/diastolic blood pressure (p>0.05). We conclude that prevalence of hypertensive retinopathy is 32.5%, and majority had good visual acuity during antenatal and postnatal period. Hypertensive retinopathy is insignificantly associated with maternal age, presenting visual acuity and blood pressure.
    Study site: Ophthalmology Clinic, Antenatal Clinic and Obstetric Ward of Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Kelantan, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology
  16. Fulltext Assessment of awareness of diabetic retinopathy among the diabetics attending the peripheral diabetic clinics in Melaka, Malaysia
    Addoor KR, Krishna RA, Bhandary SV, Khanna R, Rao LG, Lingam KD, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2011 Mar;66(1):48-52.
    PMID: 23765143 MyJurnal
    In view of the alarming increase in the incidence of diabetes mellitus in Malaysia, we conducted a study to assess the awareness of complications of diabetes among the diabetics attending the peripheral clinics in Melaka. The study period was from January 2007 to December 2007. 351 patients were included in the study. 79.8% were aware of the complications of diabetes mellitus and 87.2% were aware that diabetes can affect the eyes. However, only 50% of the patients underwent an ophthalmological evaluation. Although awareness was good, the motivation to undergo the assessment was poor.
    Study site: Klinik Kesihatan Peringgit, Klinik Kommunity Ayer Keroh, Melaka, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology
  17. Fulltext Are Indians and females less tolerant to pain? An observational study using a laboratory pain model
    Das Gupta E, Zailinawati AH, Lim AW, Chan JB, Yap SH, Hla YY, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2009 Jun;64(2):111-3.
    PMID: 20058568 MyJurnal
    In Malaysia, it is a common belief among health care workers that females and Indians have lower pain threshold. This experience, although based on anecdotal experience in the healthcare setting, does not allow differentiation between pain tolerance, and pain expression. To determine whether there is a difference in the tolerance to pain between the three main ethnic groups, namely the Malays, Chinese and Indians as well as between males and females. This was a prospective study, using a laboratory pain model (ischaemic pain tolerance) to determine the pain tolerance of 152 IMU medical students. The mean age of the students was 21.8 years (range 18-29 years). All of them were unmarried. The median of ischaemic pain tolerance for Malays, Chinese and Indians were 639s, 695s and 613s respectively (p = 0.779). However, statistically significant difference in ischaemic pain tolerance for males and females Indian students were observed. Possible ethnic difference in pain tolerance in casual observation is not verified by this laboratory pain model. Difference in pain tolerance between genders is shown only for Indians.
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology
  18. Fulltext Proportion of dementia and its associated factors among elderly patients attending outpatient clinics of Universiti Sains Malaysia Hospital
    Norlaily H, Azidah AK, Asrenee AR, Rohayah H, Juwita S
    Med J Malaysia, 2009 Jun;64(2):140-5.
    PMID: 20058574 MyJurnal
    The increase in life expectancy observed over the last decade has particular relevance for conditions such as cognitive decline and dementia. This is a cross sectional study to determine the rate of dementia and to identify its associated factors among 399 elderly patients attending outpatient clinics of Universiti Sains Malaysia Hospital. This study was conducted in 2 phases. In the first phase, the literate subjects were screened using validated Malay version of Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the illiterate subjects with Malay version of Elderly Cognitive Assessment Questionnaire (ECAQ). All subjects suspected to have dementia were selected for further evaluation in phase 2 of this study. The second phase involved full clinical examination in order to establish clinical diagnosis of dementia. The proportion of dementia in this study was 2.5% (10). Although history of exposure to pesticide (p < 0.05) and history of stroke (p < 0.05) were significant, they were not significant factors. These were because vast discrepancy in number between those exposed to pesticide and having stroke between dementia and non dementia.

    Study site: Outpatient clinics, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM)
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology
  19. Fulltext Compliance towards methadone maintenance therapy and its associated factors in Selangor primary care centers and Kuala Lumpur hospital
    Sharifa Ezat WP, Noor Azimah H, Rushidi R, Raminder K, Ruhani I
    Med J Malaysia, 2009 Mar;64(1):65-70.
    PMID: 19852326 MyJurnal
    This paper seeks to determine the client's compliance level towards Methadone Maintenance Therapy (MMT) and identify its associated factors. A cross sectional study was conducted from June to September 2007 where 288 samples were interviewed. The outcomes were divided into good compliance and partial compliance categories. Overall client's compliance level is good at 86.1%. There are significant difference between mean age of groups (t = -2.041, p = 0.04); and significant associations of job's status (chi2 = 9.54, p = 0.008); client's confident score (t = -3.12, p = 0.023), client'ssocial function score (t = -2.308, p = 0.002) and client's social function level (chi2 = 5.43, p = 0.02) with compliance toward program. With multivariate analysis, only client's age, client's confidence score and client's job status were related to compliance status. It was concluded that there is high compliance rate among client's who received the program. Younger clients, low scores on client's confident and social function, and clients with unsteady jobs are at risk not to comply with treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology
  20. Fulltext Malays in peninsular Malaysia may have the lowest incidence of stomach cancer in the world
    Lim KG
    Med J Malaysia, 2009 Mar;64(1):91-2.
    PMID: 19852334 MyJurnal
    The Malaysian National Cancer Registry (NCR) report for the period 2003-2005 shows an incidence of stomach cancer of 2.2 for Malay, 11.3 for Chinese and 11.9 for Indian males per 100,000 population. Malay (1.3), Chinese (7.2) and Indian (7.2) women have rates lower than men. Malays in Peninsular Malaysia have five times less stomach cancer than Chinese and Indians. This racial difference is more marked than that noted in the Singapore cancer registry. Regional data from Kelantan has an even lower rate for Malays there (1.5 for males and 0.9 for females per 100,000 population). The incidence of Helicobacter pylori infection, a known risk factor for stomach cancer, is low among Malays.
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology
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