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The evolution of the medical practitioner

Ritchie J

Journal of the Malaya Branch of the British Medical Association, 1905.

Matched MeSH terms: Religion
Fulltext Knowledge, attitude, and practice of prophetic food consumption among students of Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu

Rohin, M. A. K., Sagar, H., Ridzwan, N.

International Food Research Journal, 2020;27(6):1010-1018.
MyJurnal

The present work aimed to investigate the levels of knowledge, attitude, and practice of
prophetic food consumption among UniSZA students. The present work was conducted from
September 2017 until April 2018 at the UniSZA Gong Badak Campus, Terengganu. In this
cross-sectional study, a total of 217 students were recruited by convenience purposive
sampling method. A questionnaire was based on the prophetic food consumption details,
consisting of four sections, namely; demographic data, knowledge, attitude, and practice of
the consumption. Reliability test found that the validity and internal consistency of the
questionnaire to be acceptable with a Cronbach Alpha value of 0.752. Data were analysed
using Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet 2013 and SPSS version 21.0. The results showed that most
of the respondents had good knowledge of prophetic food consumption (45.6%). More than
half had a good level of attitude (66.4%), and only a minority of them (38.2%) had a poor
practice of prophetic food consumption. Based on Independent t-test and One-Way ANOVA
statistical test, there was a significant difference in the mean attitude scores between male and
female students, mean attitude and practice scores between the three age groups, mean
knowledge scores between the three fields of study groups, and mean knowledge, attitude, and
practice scores between the four religions. A positive correlation was observed for the three
domains, namely between knowledge and attitude (r = 0.71), knowledge and practice (ρ =
0.37), and attitude and practice (ρ = 0.43), based on Spearman or Pearson correlation test. In
conclusion, the importance of prophetic food must be highlighted and shared among
multi-religious university students for them to be more familiar with the relevant health and
sustainability issues. The students may employ effective attitude and behaviour towards the
practical implementation of prophetic food if they are provided with more integrated
knowledge in the learning environment of the university.

Matched MeSH terms: Religion
Religion and mental health among older adults: ethnic differences in Malaysia

Tan MM, Su TT, Ting RS, Allotey P, Reidpath D

Aging Ment Health, 2021 11;25(11):2116-2123.
PMID: 32741203 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2020.1799939

OBJECTIVES: Religion and spirituality gain importance as a person ages. Research has shown that religion has a salutary effect on mental health, and it is associated with health differently across ethnic groups. The current study examined ethnic differences in the association between religion and mental health among older adults in a predominantly Muslim population and multicultural setting.
METHODS: Data of 7068 participants (4418 Malays, 2080 Chinese and 570 Indians) aged ≥55 years that were collected as part of the community health survey conducted in 2013 in the South East Asia Community Observatory (SEACO) were analyzed using bivariate and multiple regressions. Analyses were stratified by ethnicity.
RESULTS: The importance of having an enriched religious/spiritual life was associated with higher scores of depression, anxiety and stress among Chinese and higher score of depression among Malays, while belief in a higher power was associated with better mental health among Malays, Chinese and Indians.
CONCLUSION: The current study showed that there were ethnic variations in the associations between religion and mental health, and the associations depended on the religious variable included in the analysis. The findings of this study showed that religion could be another potential channel to improve mental health among older adults by accommodating and understanding their religious beliefs.

Matched MeSH terms: Religion*
Complementary treatment of drug addicts in Malaysia

Razali SM

Trop Doct, 2000 Apr;30(2):105-6.
PMID: 10842562 DOI: 10.1177/004947550003000218
Matched MeSH terms: Religion and Medicine*
Fulltext Three decades of breast-feeding trends in Singapore

Chua S, Viegas OA, Ratnam SS

Asia Pac Popul J, 1990 Mar;5(1):125-34.
PMID: 12283342
Matched MeSH terms: Religion
Incidental radiological findings of susuk in the orofacial region

Nor MM, Yushar A, Razali M, Rahman RA, Ramli R

Dentomaxillofac Radiol, 2006 Nov;35(6):473-4.
PMID: 17082343

Susuk, or charm needles, are inserted and worn subcutaneously in the face and other parts of the body, as they are believed to enhance beauty and youth, and for many other reasons such as treatment of headache, aches and pains in the joints, back or abdomen. The practice of inserting susuk is a traditional belief, genuinely cultural and superstitious, and common in the south-east Asian region. We present 13 cases of susuk, which was found incidentally on the radiographs as the patients came for various types of treatment at our centre.

Matched MeSH terms: Religion and Medicine
Attitudes towards the use of fluorides for oral health among Islamic clerics in Kelantan Province, Malaysia

Nazita Y, Jaafar N, Doss JG, Rahman MM

Community Dent Health, 2013 Mar;30(1):30-3.
PMID: 23550504

To assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of Imams (Islamic clerics) concerning fluoride toothpaste and fluoridated water to improve oral health in Kelantan.

Matched MeSH terms: Religion and Medicine
Changing roles of women: reproduction to production

Rachapaetayakom J

Popul Manag, 1988 Dec;2(2):18-27.
PMID: 12282180
Matched MeSH terms: Religion
Fulltext Socio-Cultural and Economic Drivers of Plant and Animal Protein Consumption in Malaysia: The SCRiPT Study

Drewnowski A, Mognard E, Gupta S, Ismail MN, Karim NA, Tibère L, et al.

Nutrients, 2020 May 25;12(5).
PMID: 32466102 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051530

Countries in South East Asia are undergoing a nutrition transition, which typically involves a dietary shift from plant to animal proteins. To explore the main drivers of protein consumption, the SCRiPT (Socio Cultural Research in Protein Transition) study recruited a population sample in Malaysia (N = 1604). Participants completed in-person 24 h dietary recalls and socio-demographic surveys. Energy and nutrient intakes were estimated using Nutritionist Pro. A novel recipe-based frequency count coded protein sources as meat (chicken, beef, pork, and mutton), fish, eggs, dairy, and plants (cereals, pulses, tubers). Dietary intakes and frequencies were examined by gender, age, income, education, ethnicity, religion, and family status, using ANOVAs and general linear models. Energy intakes were 1869 kcal/d for men and 1699 kcal/d for women. Protein intakes were 78.5 g/d for men and 72.5 g/d for women. Higher energy and protein intakes were associated with Chinese ethnicity, higher education and incomes. Frequency counts identified plant proteins in 50% of foods, followed by meat (19%), fish (12%), eggs (12%), and dairy (7%). Most frequent source of meat was chicken (16%) rather than pork or beef (1.5% each). In bivariate analyses, animal protein counts were associated with younger age, higher education and incomes. In mutually adjusted multivariate regression models, animal proteins were associated with education and ethnicity; plant proteins were associated with ethnicity and religion. Protein choices in Malaysia involve socio-cultural as well as economic variables.

Matched MeSH terms: Religion
The views of older Malaysians on advanced directive and advanced care planning: a qualitative study

Htut Y, Shahrul K, Poi PJ

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2007;19(3):58-67.
PMID: 18330404

The provision of optimum care for the ageing population is dependent on the understanding of their views and values on end of life issues. A qualitative descriptive study was conducted to describe views of elderly Malaysians on Advanced Care Planning (henceforth ACP) and Advanced Directives (henceforth AD), and explore factors influencing these views. Fifteen elderly subjects with ages ranging from 65 to 83 years, representing different ethnic and religious groups in Malaysia were selected for in-depth interviews guided by a questionnaire. Five core themes were extracted from the interviews: 1) Considering the future 2) Contingency plans for future illnesses 3) Attitudes towards life prolonging treatment procedures 4) Doctor-patient relationships and 5) Influence of religion on decisions related to future illness. Despite the lack of knowledge on ACP and AD, older respondents were very receptive to their concept. Although the majority agreed on the importance of planning for future medical management and having open discussion on end of life issues with their doctor, they felt it unnecessary to make a formal written AD. Most felt that the future was best left to fate or God, and none had made any contingency plan for severe future illnesses citing religion as reason for this view. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, mechanical ventilation and dialysis were considered by most to be invasive life prolonging treatments. We suggest that doctors initiate discussions on end of life care with every older patient and their family so as to promote awareness and introduce the concept of ACP/AD to a Malaysian setting.

Matched MeSH terms: Religion
Exploring the Relationship Between Spiritual Well-Being and Death Anxiety in Survivors of Acute Myocardial Infarction: Moderating Role of Sex, Marital Status and Social Support

Soleimani MA, Sharif SP, Yaghoobzadeh A, Yeoh KK, Panarello B

J Relig Health, 2018 Apr;57(2):683-703.
PMID: 29318435 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-017-0554-2

Previous empirical studies have shown that both spiritual well-being (SWB) and death anxiety (DA) significantly affect the mental health of patients with acute diseases. In this regard, our paper contributes to the extant literature by scrutinizing the conditional relationship between SWB and DA as well as the various mechanisms underpinning such a relationship in patients with acute myocardial infraction (AMI). A descriptive, correlational methodology was utilized. Our main sample consisted of 300 patients with acute myocardial infraction who were hospitalized in a specialized medical institution in Iran throughout a two-month period (i.e. August-October 2015). Patients completed Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) and Templer's Death Anxiety Scale (TDAS). Even though our study showed that the relationship between SWB and DA in patients with AMI is non-significant, we found that (1) single patients with higher SWB have lower DA, (2) single patients with higher SWB as well as social support have significantly lower DA, and (3) for single men/men without social support, there is a negative relationship between SWB and DA. The relationship between SWB and DA is influenced by factors such as sex, marital status and social support. In addition, the specific nature of this relationship (i.e. strength and sign) is dependent upon the sociodemographic characteristics of patients as well as other contextual influences. Result revealed that although relationship between SWB and DA is non-significant, this is influenced by factors such as sex and social support. In addition, the specific nature of this relationship (i.e. strength and sign) is dependent upon the sociodemographic characteristics of patients as well as other contextual influences.

Matched MeSH terms: Religion and Psychology
Fulltext Life After Death in a Chinese Community

MOHD HAFIZOL AMIN BIN RAMLI, NUR AMELIA BINTI MAZLAN, SITI AIDA BINTI AZMI, MUHD SARJI BIN AWANG BULAT, PARVEEN KAUR

Trends in Undergraduate Research, 2018;1(1):0-0.
MyJurnal

According to San Fillipo (2006), death is not the end of one’s existence, but rather than a transition from one life to another. However, it is different based on how the society and individuals see the concept of death itself and how they understand about it. Thus, this article aims to explore the understanding of the relationship between culture and religion that become their identity in terms of death and life after. Qualitative approach is adopted for this study. Indeed, interview and empirical observation were used to obtain quality data.

Matched MeSH terms: Religion
Religious commitment, attitudes toward suicide, and suicidal behaviors among college students of different ethnic and religious groups in Malaysia

Foo XY, Alwi MN, Ismail SI, Ibrahim N, Osman ZJ

J Relig Health, 2014 Jun;53(3):731-46.
PMID: 23196328 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-012-9667-9

The variation in suicide patterns across ethnic groups with different religious background is a puzzling social phenomenon. This study sought to examine the impact of religious commitment and attitudes toward suicide on suicidal behaviors of college students across major ethnic and religious groups in a multicultural society of Malaysia. A total of 139 college students completed Religious Commitment Inventory-10, Attitudes Toward Suicide Scale, and Suicidal Behavior Questionnaire-Revised. Findings showed significant discrepancies in attitudes toward suicide, but not suicidal behaviors across ethnic and religious groups. Suicide acceptance significantly affected suicidal behaviors as well. Although religious commitment is not associated with suicidal behaviors, its deviation is reflected in students' acceptance of suicide. Additionally, college students' suicide risk, lifetime, and recent suicide ideation, as well as their likelihood of future suicide attempt can be associated with their acceptance of suicide. The influence of attitudes toward suicide and religion, therefore, should be taken into consideration while implementing suicide prevention programs as it helps shape the norms about suicide among youths.

Matched MeSH terms: Religion*; Religion and Psychology*
A spirited response: Malaysia's AIDS activists woo Muslim clerics

Oorjitham S

Asiaweek, 1999 Nov 5.
PMID: 12295478
Matched MeSH terms: Religion*
Fulltext Influence of Chinese cultural health beliefs among Malaysian Chinese in a suburban population: a survey

Chew KS, Tan TW, Ooi YT

Singapore Med J, 2011 Apr;52(4):252-6.
PMID: 21552785

In a multiethnic nation, it is not uncommon for doctors to encounter patients of different cultural backgrounds. Often, patients' cultural beliefs influence their perception of health and illnesses, and their treatment option. Many Chinese cultural beliefs are influenced by the Taoist concept of yin-yang balance.

Matched MeSH terms: Religion
Does the success of a school-based HPV vaccine programme depend on teachers' knowledge and religion? -- A survey in a multicultural society

Ling WY, Razali SM, Ren CK, Omar SZ

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2012;13(9):4651-4.
PMID: 23167396

Organized introduction of prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination can reduce the burden of cervical cancer in developing countries. One of the most effective ways is through a national school-based program. Information on teachers is therefore important since this group may have a disproportionate influence in the success of any implementation.
OBJECTIVE: To assess teachers' knowledge and perception of HPV, cervical cancer and HPV vaccine prior to commencing a school-based HPV vaccination program in a multiethnic, predominantly Muslim country. Factors associated with acceptability of the vaccine were identified.
METHOD: A bilingual questionnaire was applied to 1,500 secondary school teachers from 20 urban schools in Malaysia. Data collected were analyzed using SPSS version 17.
RESULTS: 1,166 questionnaires were returned. From this group, 46.1% had never heard of HPV while 50.9% had never had a pap smear. However, 73.8% have heard of the HPV vaccine with 75% agreeing to have it. 96% considered themselves religious with 79.8% agreeing to have the vaccine.
CONCLUSIONS: A national school-based HPV immunization program can be implemented effectively in a multiethnic, cultural and religious country despite limited knowledge of HPV-related pathology among teachers. In addition, the perception that religion has a negative influence on such a program is unwarranted.

Matched MeSH terms: Religion*
Fulltext Secular versus religious norms against smoking: which is more important as a driver of quitting behaviour among Muslim Malaysian and Buddhist Thai smokers?

Yong HH, Savvas S, Borland R, Thrasher J, Sirirassamee B, Omar M

Int J Behav Med, 2013 Jun;20(2):252-8.
PMID: 22302214

BACKGROUND: This paper prospectively examined two kinds of social normative beliefs about smoking, secular versus religious norms.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this paper is to determine the relative importance of these beliefs in influencing quitting behaviour among Muslim Malaysian and Buddhist Thai smokers.
METHODS: Data come from 2,166 Muslim Malaysian and 2,463 Buddhist Thai adult smokers who participated in the first three waves of the International Tobacco Control Southeast Asia project. Respondents were followed up about 18 months later with replenishment. Respondents were asked at baseline about whether their society disapproved of smoking and whether their religion discouraged smoking, and those recontacted at follow-up were asked about their quitting activity.
RESULTS: Majority of both religious groups perceived that their religion discouraged smoking (78% Muslim Malaysians and 86% Buddhist Thais) but considerably more Buddhist Thais than Muslim Malaysians perceived that their society disapproved of smoking (80% versus 25%). Among Muslim Malaysians, religious, but not societal, norms had an independent effect on quit attempts. By contrast, among the Buddhist Thais, while both normative beliefs had an independent positive effect on quit attempts, the effect was greater for societal norms. The two kinds of normative beliefs, however, were unrelated to quit success among those who tried.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that religious norms about smoking may play a greater role than secular norms in driving behaviour change in an environment, like Malaysia where tobacco control has been relatively weak until more recently, but, in the context of a strong tobacco control environment like Thailand, secular norms about smoking become the dominant force.

Matched MeSH terms: Religion and Psychology
Role of Religion in Preventing Youth Sexual Activity in Malaysia: A Mixed Methods Study

Muhammad NA, Shamsuddin K, Sulaiman Z, Amin RM, Omar K

J Relig Health, 2017 Dec;56(6):1916-1929.
PMID: 26809242 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-016-0185-z

One of the popular approaches of preventing youth sexual activity in Malaysia is using religion to promote premarital sexual abstinence. Despite this intervention, youth continue to practise premarital sex. Thus, the purpose of this exploratory mixed methods study was to understand the role of religion on sexual activity among college students in Klang Valley, Malaysia. A self-administered questionnaire survey to determine the relationship between religiosity and youth sexual activity was carried out on 1026 students recruited from 12 randomly selected colleges. Concurrently, face-to-face interviews were conducted on 15 students to explore how religiosity had influenced their decision on sexual activity. The survey data were analysed using logistic regression, while the qualitative data from the interviews were examined using thematic analysis with separate analysis for each gender. Both quantitative and qualitative results were then compared and integrated. Religious activity significantly reduced the risk of continuing sexual activity among female students (AOR = 0.67, CI = 0.47, 0.95, p = 0.02) but not male students. There was no significant relationship of religious affiliation and intrinsic religiosity (inner faith) to sexual activity by gender. Having faith in religion and strong sexual desire were the main themes that explained participants' sexual behaviour. Engaging in religious activity might be effective at preventing female students from being sexually active. However, when sexual urges and desires are beyond control, religiosity might not be effective.

Matched MeSH terms: Religion*
The Mecca pilgrimage is no longer a hazard

OMAR W

Med J Malaya, 1958 Dec;13(2):187-90.
PMID: 13632220
Matched MeSH terms: Religion*
Fulltext The influence of religious belief and sociocultural on breastfeeding practice: a literature review

Nurul Akma Jamil

The Malaysian Journal of Nursing, 2018;9(4):79-85.
MyJurnal

Socio-cultural poses as the enabler and barrier in breastfeeding practice. A review of published literature
was conducted and a total of 25 articles were reviewed to seek the answer: How religious belief and
sociocultural influence breastfeeding practice? Published articles were identified through electronic
searches of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Google scholars and IIUM Repository within timeframe of 2011
to 2017. Through this searching, three key themes were identified: religious views on breastfeeding,
sociocultural perspectives and challenges. A comprehensive understanding on religious recommendation
and cultural influence would benefit in the reconstruction of breastfeeding promotion and education
program.

Matched MeSH terms: Religion

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