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Fulltext Distribution of blood pressure in a national sample of Malaysian adults

Lim TO, Ding LM, Goh BL, Zaki M, Suleiman AB, Maimunah AH, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2000 Mar;55(1):90-107.
PMID: 11072495 MyJurnal

We describe the distribution of blood pressure (BP) by age, sex and ethnicity in Malaysian adults. A national sample of 21,391 individuals aged 30 or older had usable data. They were selected by stratified 2-stage cluster sampling. BP was measured using an automated oscillometric device, Visomat. Percentile tables and curves by age, sex and ethnicity are presented. The systolic and diastolic BP distribution was right skewed and showed the expected increase with age. This was markedly so in Malay and other indigenous women; as a result they had most severe hypertension.
Study name: National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS-1996)

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Characteristics
Fulltext Distribution of blood total cholesterol in a national sample of Malaysian adults

Lim TO, Ding LM, Zaki M, Suleiman AB, Kew ST, Ismail M, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2000 Mar;55(1):78-89.
PMID: 11072494 MyJurnal

We describe the distribution of capillary blood total cholesterol (BC) by age, sex and ethnicity in Malaysian adults. A national sample of 20,041 individuals aged 30 or older had usable data. They were selected by stratified 2-stage cluster sampling. BC was measured using reflectance photometer. Percentile tables and curves by age, sex and ethnicity are presented. The BC distribution was right skewed and showed the expected increase with age. There were ethnic differences. Malay had the highest BC concentration, followed by Indian, Chinese and other indigenous ethnic group. However, for all ethnic groups, BC concentrations were low in comparison those prevailing in Western populations.
Study name: National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS-1996)

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Characteristics
Fulltext Bimodality in blood glucose distribution: is it universal?

Lim TO, Bakri R, Morad Z, Hamid MA

Diabetes Care, 2002 Dec;25(12):2212-7.
PMID: 12453963 DOI: 10.2337/diacare.25.12.2212

OBJECTIVE: Bimodality in blood glucose (BG) distribution has been demonstrated in several populations with a high prevalence of diabetes and obesity. However, other population studies had not found bimodality, thus casting doubt on its universality. We address this question in four ethnic populations-namely Malay, Chinese, Indian, and the indigenous people of Borneo.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A national health survey was conducted in Malaysia in 1996. A total of 18,397 subjects aged > or =30 years had post-challenge BG measurements taken. To test whether BG was consistent with a bimodal distribution, we fitted unimodal normal and skewed distribution as well a mixture of two normal distributions to the data by age and ethnic groups.

RESULTS: Age-specific prevalence of diabetes varied from 1.3 to 26.3%. In all ethnic/age groups, the bimodal model fitted the log BG data better (likelihood ratio tests, all P values <0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: Bimodality in BG distribution is demonstrable even in populations with a very low prevalence of diabetes and obesity. Previous studies that found unimodality had failed to detect the second mode because of inadequate sample size, bias due to treatment of subjects with known diabetes, and inclusion of subjects with type 1 diabetes in the sample. Bimodality implies that diabetes is a distinct entity rather than an arbitrarily defined extreme end of a continuously distributed measurement.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Characteristics
Fulltext Determinants of High Fasting Insulin and Insulin Resistance Among Overweight/Obese Adolescents

Ling JC, Mohamed MN, Jalaludin MY, Rampal S, Zaharan NL, Mohamed Z

Sci Rep, 2016 11 08;6:36270.
PMID: 27824069 DOI: 10.1038/srep36270

Hyperinsulinaemia is the earliest subclinical metabolic abnormality, which precedes insulin resistance in obese children. An investigation was conducted on the potential predictors of fasting insulin and insulin resistance among overweight/obese adolescents in a developing Asian country. A total of 173 overweight/obese (BMI > 85th percentile) multi-ethnic Malaysian adolescents aged 13 were recruited from 23 randomly selected schools in this cross-sectional study. Waist circumference (WC), body fat percentage (BF%), physical fitness score (PFS), fasting glucose and fasting insulin were measured. Insulin resistance was calculated using homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Adjusted stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to predict fasting insulin and HOMA-IR. Covariates included pubertal stage, socioeconomic status, nutritional and physical activity scores. One-third of our adolescents were insulin resistant, with girls having significantly higher fasting insulin and HOMA-IR than boys. Gender, pubertal stage, BMI, WC and BF% had significant, positive moderate correlations with fasting insulin and HOMA-IR while PFS was inversely correlated (p

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Characteristics
Sequence and localization of kcnk10a in the brain of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Loganathan K, Moriya S, Sivalingam M, Ng KW, Parhar IS

J. Chem. Neuroanat., 2017 Dec;86:92-99.
PMID: 29074372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2017.10.004

kcnk10a has been predicted in zebrafish to be a member of the two-pore domain potassium ion (K+) channel-related K+ (TREK) channel family known as a thermoreceptor. Since reproduction is affected by temperature, Kcnk10a could be involved in the regulation of reproduction. However, expression of kcnk10a in the zebrafish brain and association with reproduction has not been identified. In this study, the full length sequence and localization of kcnk10a in the brain was investigated and gene expressions of the TREK channel family were examined to investigate association with reproduction. We initially identified the full length cDNA sequence of kcnk10a using Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends and localization in the zebrafish brain using in situ hybridization. Furthermore, we examined the gene expression differences of kcnk2b, kcnk10a and kcnk10b mRNA between genders as well as developmental stages by real-time PCR. The deduced amino acid sequence of the identified kcnk10a mRNA contains highly conserved two pore domains and four transmembrane regions and was higher similarity to zebrafish Kcnk10b than zebrafish Kcnk2a and 2b. kcnk10a mRNA was widely distributed in the brain such as the preoptic area, hypothalamus and the midbrain. kcnk10a mRNA expression exhibited significant difference between mature male and female, and increase during puberty. Kcnk10a could be involved in the regulation of reproductive function.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Characteristics
Fulltext Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its associated risk factors among staffs in a Malaysian public university

Manaf MRA, Nawi AM, Tauhid NM, Othman H, Rahman MRA, Yusoff HM, et al.

Sci Rep, 2021 Apr 14;11(1):8132.
PMID: 33854087 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87248-1

Public health systems are concerned with the commensurate rise of metabolic syndrome (MetS) incidence across populations worldwide, due to its tendency to amplify greater risk of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases within communities. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of MetS and its associated risk factors among staffs in a Malaysian public university. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 538 staffs from the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) between April and June 2019. MetS was defined according to JIS "Harmonized" criteria. A questionnaire that consisted of items on socio-demographics, lifestyle risk behaviors and personal medical history information was administered to participants. Subsequently, a series of physical examination and biochemical assessment was conducted at the hall or foyer of selected faculties in the university. Descriptive and inferential statistics were conducted using SPSS version 22.0. Multivariate models were yielded to determine the risk factors associated with MetS. Statistical significance was set at P

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Characteristics
Fulltext Scanning electron micrographs of Blomia tropicalis (Acari:Astigmata: Echimyopodidae), a common house dust mite in Malaysia

Mariana A, Santhana Raj AS, Tan SN, Ho TM

Trop Biomed, 2007 Dec;24(2):29-37.
PMID: 18209705

Many finer taxonomic characters of Blomia tropicalis are not distinctly visible under conventional light microscopy. Scanning electron micrographs of this mite are therefore presented in this paper for better appreciation of the inconspicuous features of the morphology of the species. The differences in morphology of male and female B. tropicalis are also briefly discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Characteristics
Fulltext Scanning electron micrographs of two species of Sturnophagoides (Acari: Astigmata: Pyroglyphidae) mites in Malaysia

Mariana A, Santana Raj AS, Ho TM, Tan SN, Zuhaizam H

Trop Biomed, 2008 Dec;25(3):217-24.
PMID: 19287360

Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of two dust mites, Sturnophagoides brasiliensis and Sturnophagoides halterophilus, are presented to provide an improved visualization of the taxonomic characters of these mites. Sturnophagoides halterophilus can be differentiated from S. brasiliensis by their expanded genu and femur of leg I. The differences in morphology of male and female S. brasiliensis are also discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Characteristics
Gender differences in the associations between knee pain and urinary incontinence in older adults: Cross-sectional analysis from the Malaysian Elders Longitudinal Research Study (MELoR)

Mat S, Jaafar MH, Razack AHA, Lim J, Ong TA, Khong SY, et al.

Neurourol Urodyn, 2023 Mar;42(3):641-649.
PMID: 36728321 DOI: 10.1002/nau.25136

INTRODUCTION: The common assumption that urinary incontinence occurs in osteoarthritis (OA) due to poor mobility is supported by limited evidence. The influence of gender in such associations is also yet to be elucidated.
OBJECTIVE: This study, therefore, identified any potential associations between knee OA symptoms and urinary incontinence and further explore sex differences in the associations.
DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.
SETTING: University Hospital.
PARTICIPANTS: This was a cross-sectional study from a longitudinal research study comprising 1221 community-dwelling older persons (57% women), mean age (SD) 68.95 (7.49) years.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Presence of urinary incontinence: mixed, stress and urge symptoms. Physical performance and C-reactive protein levels were also assessed.
RESULTS: Two hundred and seventy-seven (22.83%) individuals reported the presence of urinary incontinence: mixed (41.5%), stress (30%), and urge (28.5%) symptoms. In an unadjusted analysis, stratified by gender, the association between knee pain and urinary incontinence was only present in women with mixed symptoms. After further adjustment of demographics differences and body mass index, the association between knee pain with any urinary incontinence and mixed symptoms remained significant with the odds ratios (95% confidence interval): 1.48 (1.02-2.15) and 1.73 (1.06-2.83), respectively. This relationship was attenuated after further adjustment for waist circumference and impaired lower limb mobility.
CONCLUSION: Our study refutes previous assumptions that urinary incontinence in individuals with OA is attributed to impaired mobility alone, but introduces the role of abdominal obesity in this relationship, particularly in women. Future studies should assess the temporal relationship between body fat distribution and OA with urinary incontinence.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Characteristics*
Clouded leopard (Neofelis diardi) predation on proboscis monkeys (Nasalis larvatus) in Sabah, Malaysia

Matsuda I, Tuuga A, Higashi S

Primates, 2008 Jul;49(3):227-31.
PMID: 18484152 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-008-0085-2

In this study, we have reported two direct observations of individuals from a one-male group of proboscis monkeys (Nasalis larvatus) being killed by clouded leopards (Neofelis diardi) in the riverine forest along the Menanggul river, a tributary of the Kinabatangan river in Sabah, Malaysia. One of the two individuals was an infant female and the other was a juvenile female. Based on literature reviews and the observations reported here, we suggest that clouded leopard and crocodile might be significant potential predators of proboscis monkeys of any age or sex and that predation threats elicit the monkeys' anti-predator strategies. Moreover, the observations of the monkeys' behaviour when the group is attacked by a predator suggest that the adult males in one-male groups play an important role as protectors.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Characteristics
Fulltext Large male proboscis monkeys have larger noses but smaller canines

Matsuda I, Stark DJ, Saldivar DAR, Tuuga A, Nathan SKSS, Goossens B, et al.

Commun Biol, 2020 09 21;3(1):522.
PMID: 32958853 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01245-0

The uniquely enlarged noses of male proboscis monkeys are prominent adornments, and a sexually selected male trait. A recent study showed significant correlations among nose, body, and testis sizes and clear associations between nose size and the number of females in a male's harem. However, to date, the analyses of other common male traits, i.e., canines, are lacking. Whereas male nose size had a positive correlation with body size, we unexpectedly found a negative correlation between body and canine sizes. We explain this by an interaction between sexual and natural selection. Larger noses in males may interfere with the use of canines, thereby reducing their effectiveness as weapons. Additionally, longer canines are opposed by natural selection because the larger gape it imposes upon its bearer reduces foraging efficiency, particularly in folivores. This unique case of decoupling of body and canine size reveals that large canines carry an ecological cost.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Characteristics
Fulltext Exploring Attitudes Toward "Sugar Relationships" Across 87 Countries: A Global Perspective on Exchanges of Resources for Sex and Companionship

Meskó N, Kowal M, Láng A, Kocsor F, Bandi SA, Putz A, et al.

Arch Sex Behav, 2024 Feb;53(2):811-837.
PMID: 38127113 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02724-1

The current study investigates attitudes toward one form of sex for resources: the so-called sugar relationships, which often involve exchanges of resources for sex and/or companionship. The present study examined associations among attitudes toward sugar relationships and relevant variables (e.g., sex, sociosexuality, gender inequality, parasitic exposure) in 69,924 participants across 87 countries. Two self-report measures of Acceptance of Sugar Relationships (ASR) developed for younger companion providers (ASR-YWMS) and older resource providers (ASR-OMWS) were translated into 37 languages. We tested cross-sex and cross-linguistic construct equivalence, cross-cultural invariance in sex differences, and the importance of the hypothetical predictors of ASR. Both measures showed adequate psychometric properties in all languages (except the Persian version of ASR-YWMS). Results partially supported our hypotheses and were consistent with previous theoretical considerations and empirical evidence on human mating. For example, at the individual level, sociosexual orientation, traditional gender roles, and pathogen prevalence were significant predictors of both ASR-YWMS and ASR-OMWS. At the country level, gender inequality and parasite stress positively predicted the ASR-YWMS. However, being a woman negatively predicted the ASR-OMWS, but positively predicted the ASR-YWMS. At country-level, ingroup favoritism and parasite stress positively predicted the ASR-OMWS. Furthermore, significant cross-subregional differences were found in the openness to sugar relationships (both ASR-YWMS and ASR-OMWS scores) across subregions. Finally, significant differences were found between ASR-YWMS and ASR-OMWS when compared in each subregion. The ASR-YWMS was significantly higher than the ASR-OMWS in all subregions, except for Northern Africa and Western Asia.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Characteristics
Prevalence and patterning of maxillary premolar accessory ridges (MxPARs) in several human populations

Mihailidis S, Scriven G, Khamis M, Townsend G

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 2013 Sep;152(1):19-30.
PMID: 23913636 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22323

We present new data on the prevalence and patterning of the maxillary premolar accessory ridge (MxPAR), a common but understudied morphological dental trait that is expressed as a linear elevation extending from the buccal cusp ridge to the medial sulcus of maxillary premolar teeth. A total of 579 sets of dental casts, representing six ethnic groups, were scored using the five-grade system proposed by Burnett et al. (2010). The frequency and distribution of the MxPAR were determined by tooth type, sex, side, locus and ethnicity, and the applicability of the scoring system was assessed. The MxPAR was found in approximately two-thirds of premolar teeth, more often on second than first premolars, and more often on the distal aspect of the occlusal surface than the mesial. There was some evidence that more pronounced forms of the feature occurred more often in males than females, and that there may be some directionality in its expression between sides. Variation was also noted in the frequency of occurrence and degree of expression of the MxPAR between ethnic groups. Intra- and inter-observer concordance rates for scoring the MxPAR were low, confirming that it was difficult to score the trait identically on two different occasions. Our findings have clarified the distribution of the MxPAR within the dentition and between ethnic groups, and highlighted the need for researchers to carry out thorough replicability studies and to decide on an appropriate breakpoint for determining presence or absence of this feature before embarking on genetic studies or bio-distance analyses.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Characteristics
Impact of gender on sexual problems and perceptions among urban Malay elderly in Malaysia

Minhat HS, Mat Din H, Vasudevan R, Raja Adnan RNE, Ibrahim R

Arch Gerontol Geriatr, 2019 01 08;81:240-244.
PMID: 30669017 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2019.01.001

BACKGROUND: Physical and pathological changes associated with advancing age affect sexual behaviours of the elderly. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of gender on sexual problems and perceptions among the urban Malay elderly.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 160 Malaysian elderly participants aged 60 years and older who live in Kuala Lumpur. Twelve neighbourhood associations were randomly selected using multi-stage cluster sampling. Data was collected using standardized and validated questionnaire by face-to-face interview technique with which was conducted by trained interviewers.
RESULTS: Mean age of the participants was 65.33 (5.87) year old with majority were still married. Female (55.7%) reported more sexual problems as evidenced by the higher proportion of those with lacked interest in having sex (72.5%), find sex is unpleasant (34.8%) and unable to come to orgasm (55.1%). Gender was found to have significant impact on every model obtained in the analysis for both sexual problems and perceptions. Female elderly were 10.6 times more likely to have sexual problem compared to male elderly (OR = 10.64, P

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Characteristics
Fulltext Sex estimation using subpubic angle from reconstructed three-dimensional computed tomography pelvic model in a contemporary Malaysian population

Mohd Ali SH, Omar N, Shafie MS, Nik Ismail NA, Hadi H, Nor FM

Anat Cell Biol, 2020 Mar;53(1):27-35.
PMID: 32274246 DOI: 10.5115/acb.19.135

Research in forensic anthropology is recent in Malaysia due to limited access to documented skeletal collections. However, advanced imaging techniques provide virtual bone samples for use in morphometric studies to establish population-specific standards by virtual anthropology. This study examined sexual dimorphism in the subpubic angle using a three-dimensional computed tomography model of the pelvis, in a contemporary Malaysian population. The sample comprised multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) scans of 50 male and 50 female adults. Segmentation of the MDCT scans was performed using 3D Slicer, and four landmarks were acquired using Stratovan Checkpoint for the subpubic angle measurement. The technical error of measurement (TEM), relative TEM, and coefficient of reliability (R) exhibited high reliability in measurements. Results showed that the subpubic angle in males was 68.6°±7.6° and in females 87.4°±6.5°. The subpubic angle in females was significantly larger than in males (P<0.001). Inverse correlation was found between the subpubic angle and age, in both males (r=-0.449, P<0.01) and females (r=-0.385, P<0.01). The overall accuracy of sex estimation using the subpubic angle was 94% (P<0.001). The subpubic angle, with a demarcating point of 78.6°, showed a sensitivity and specificity of 94% in the classification of female individuals. In conclusion, sex estimation using the subpu bic angle is highly accurate, with a high degree of expected sensitivity and specificity in the Malaysian population.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Characteristics
Streptococcus salivarius K12 inhibits Candida albicans aggregation, biofilm formation and dimorphism

Mokhtar M, Rismayuddin NAR, Mat Yassim AS, Ahmad H, Abdul Wahab R, Dashper S, et al.

Biofouling, 2021 08;37(7):767-776.
PMID: 34425729 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2021.1967334

Candida albicans causes candidiasis, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Streptococcus salivarius K12 (K12) is a probiotic isolated from a healthy oral cavity. The study aimed to determine the effect of K12 on C. albicans aggregation, biofilm formation and dimorphism. C. albicans ATCC MYA-4901, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) isolate (ALC2), and oral cancer isolate (ALC3) and K12 were used in the study. All C. albicans strains and K12 were grown in yeast peptone dextrose agar and brain heart infusion agar, respectively, prior to aggregation, biofilm and dimorphism assays. Auto-aggregation of C. albicans MYA-4901 and ALC2 was categorised as high, while the co-aggregation of the strains was low in the presence of K12. C. albicans total cell count decreased significantly when co-cultured with K12 compared with monocultured C. albicans biofilm (p

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Characteristics
The effect of alcohol level on male and female drivers: Important facts

Murthy JK, Das S

Drug Alcohol Depend, 2020 Sep 01;214:108146.
PMID: 32634715 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108146
Matched MeSH terms: Sex Characteristics
Fulltext SELF – ESTEEM AND PERFECTIONISM AS PREDICTORS OF EATING DISORDERS AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

NIK RUSELINDA YUSOFF, MADIHAH SHUKRI

UMT Journal of Undergraduate Research, 2020;2(4):115-122.
MyJurnal

This study examined the predictive effect of self – esteem and perfectionism on eating disorders among university students. A total of 327 respondents (15.4% male and 84.6% female) participated in this research, recruited using simple random sampling method. Self – esteem was measured using Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, perfectionism was measured using Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale and eating disorder was measured using Eating Attitudes Test. There was a significant gender difference in eating disorders, t(376) = -2.909, p

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Characteristics
Fulltext Non-invasive sex identification of the white-bellied sea eagle (Haliaeetus leucogaster) through genetic analysis of feathers

Naim DM, Nor SA, Baharuddin MH

Genet. Mol. Res., 2011;10(4):2505-10.
PMID: 22009862 DOI: 10.4238/2011.October.13.7

The white-bellied sea eagle, Haliaeetus leucogaster, displays reversed sexual size dimorphism and is monomorphic for adult plumage coloration. Early attempts to identify sex in sexually monomorphic birds were based on morphological or chromosomal characters, but since avian W-specific DNA sequences were identified, PCR amplification has become commonly used for molecular sexing. We used a PCR test employing primers that amplify two homologous fragments of both the CHD-W gene, unique to females, and the CHD-Z gene, occurring in both sexes. This test was applied to five individuals of H. leucogaster from the Malacca Zoo and to male and female domestic chickens, Gallus domesticus, for comparison. All individuals were sexed successfully with high reproducibility. We conclude that this PCR-based test with feathers as the DNA source is a reliable sexing method for H. leucogaster. This sexing technique is objective and non-invasive and could be used to test sex ratio theories, as well as to help improve conservation and management actions for captive breeding program of this species in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Characteristics*
Sex differences from fingerprint ridge density in Chinese and Malaysian population

Nayak VC, Rastogi P, Kanchan T, Yoganarasimha K, Kumar GP, Menezes RG

Forensic Sci Int, 2010 Apr 15;197(1-3):67-9.
PMID: 20071110 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.12.055

The fingerprints are very typical for a human being. The present study was undertaken to study the gender differences in fingerprint ridge density in Chinese and Malaysian population. The study done on 200 subjects (100 males and 100 females) of Chinese origin and 100 subjects (50 males and 50 females) of Malaysian origin revealed that significant gender differences occur in the finger ridge density. Fingerprint mean ridge density of 12 ridges/25 mm(2) or less is found to be more likely to be of males and a mean ridge count of more the 13 ridges/25 mm(2) is more likely of female origin in Chinese subjects. Fingerprint mean ridge density of 11 ridges/25 mm(2) or less is found to be more likely to be of males and a mean ridge count of more the 13 ridges/25 mm(2) is more likely of female origin in Malaysian subjects.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Characteristics*

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