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Women in development

White EH

Aisa Found News, 1980 May-Jun.
PMID: 12261905
Matched MeSH terms: Women; Women's Rights*
Incentives for potential workers and settlers: a concern for socioeconomic research in Trengganu Tengah

Dev Forum, 1977 Jun;7(1):17-31.
PMID: 12309536
Matched MeSH terms: Women
Fulltext Social support in physical activity among pregnant women: does it really help?

Nazatul Yusrina Mohamad Yuso, Nor Afiah Mohd Zulkefli, Rosliza Abd Manaf

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(104):91-91.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Antenatal period is the best time to promote physical activity among women. However, this oppor-tunity is usually missed due to various factors such perceived harm to the baby, tiredness, difficulty to perform the activities, pelvic and back pain, lack of information, as well as low social support. This study determined the associ-ation of social support with the level of physical activity among pregnant women in the district of Seremban, Negeri Sembilan. Methods: A total of 936 antenatal women met the eligibility criteria and were enrolled in a cross-sectional study using proportionate stratified random sampling. Data on social support from the spouse, family and friend were obtained using a 5-point Likert scale while physical activity was assessed using a short version of the Interna-tional Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Statistical analysis was conducted using chi-square test to evaluate the association between the study variables. Results: A total of 880 respondents completed the questionnaire. Out of that, 64.2% were physically inactive. Significant associations were found between social support from the spouse (p < 0.001), family (p = 0.001) and friends (p = 0.004) with the level of physical activity among the respondents. Conclusion: Social support plays a pivotal role in motivating antenatal women to perform physical activity. Thus, health intervention on physical activity among these women should involve the spouse, family members and friends to ensure the success of the program.

Matched MeSH terms: Pregnant Women
Fulltext Use, Awareness, Knowledge and Beliefs of Medication During Pregnancy in Malaysia

Alani AHHDA, Hassan BAR, Suhaimi AM, Mohammed AH

Osong Public Health Res Perspect, 2020 Dec;11(6):373-379.
PMID: 33403200 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.6.05

Objectives: This study aimed to assess medication use in pregnant women in Malaysia by measuring use, knowledge, awareness, and beliefs about medications.
Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional study involving a total of 447 pregnant women who attended the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic, Hospital Kuala Lumpur (HKL), Malaysia. A validated, self-administered questionnaire was used to collect participant data.
Results: Most of pregnant women had taken medication during pregnancy and more than half of them (52.8%) showed a poor level of knowledge about the medication use during pregnancy. Eighty-three percent had a poor level of awareness and 56.5% had negative beliefs. Age and education level were significantly associated with the level of knowledge regarding medication use during pregnancy. Multiparous pregnant women, and pregnant women from rural areas were observed to have a higher level of awareness compared with those who lived in urban areas. Use of medication during pregnancy was determined to be significantly associated with education level, and race.
Conclusion: Although there was prevalent use of medication among pregnant women, many had negative beliefs, and insufficient knowledge and awareness about the risks of taking medication during pregnancy. Several sociodemographic characteristics were significantly associated with the use (race and education level), level of knowledge (age and education level), awareness (parity and place of residence), and beliefs (race, education level, and occupation status) towards medication use during pregnancy.

Matched MeSH terms: Pregnant Women
Postnatal depression in mothers attending primary care clinics in Kelantan, Malaysia

Abdul Kadir A, Nordin R, Ismail SB, Yaacob MJ, Wan Mahmud WMR

International Medical Journal (Tokyo), 2005;12:105-109.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of postnatal depression (PND), and associated risk factors among women in Kota Bharu District, Kelantan. Design: A cohort study Methods: A study involving four hundred and twenty one pregnant women attending primary health care facilities in Kota Bharu between February and September 2000 were screened for depression at 36-42 weeks of pregnancy, 1 week postpartum and 4-6 weeks postpartum using validated Malay version of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Results: Three hundred and seventy seven women successfully completed the EPDS (response rate = 89.8%). The prevalence of PND at 4-6 weeks postpartum, based on an EPDS score of 12 and above, was 20.7%. Depressive symptoms at the end of pregnancy (p<0.05) and one week postnatal (p<0.05) were significantly associated with PND. Conclusions: PND among women in Kota Bharu was 20.7%, which was higher than previously reported studies. Onset of depressive symptoms towards the end of pregnancy and early postnatal period independently predicted postnatal depression. © 2005 Japan International Cultural Exchange Foundation.

Matched MeSH terms: Women
Fulltext Postpartum depression among Malay women from a rural area in Kedah, north-west of Peninsular Malaysia: prevalence and risk factor

Wan Mahmud WMR, Hayati MR, Bashah B, Amir A, Mahmood NM

Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 2005;13:3-19.

Background: Community based epidemiological data on postpartum depression in Malaysia is scarce. Aim: To determine the prevalence and risk factors for developing postpartum depression among Malay women from a rural area in Kedah, North West of Peninsular Malaysia. Method: We screened 185 women at 4-12 weeks postpartum attending the selected health centers using the Malay versions of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-11). Those scoring 12 and / or 9/10 on BDI-11 were interviewed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) and the 17-items Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HDRS-17). All diagnoses were based on the Tenth Edition of the International Classification for Disease: Diagnostic Criteria for Research (ICD-I0: DCR-10). Results: The prevalence of postpartum depression was 21.08%. The condition was found to be significantly linked to polygamous marriages, high number of life events and financial problems over the last one year prior to delivery, and low scores on the Malay version of the MOS Social Support Survey and all its components (overall support index, informational support, affectionate support/ positive social interactions and instrumental support). Conclusions: Postpartum depression is indeed a reality among Malay women in rural areas In Kedah, North West of Peninsular Malaysia. These findings have implications for policies regarding maternal and childcare programs.

Matched MeSH terms: Women
Fulltext Relationship between obstetric risk factors and postnatal depression in Malaysian women

Abdul Kadir A, Mohammad Daud MN, Yaacob MJ, Nik Hussain NH

International Medical Journal (Tokyo), 2009;16:101-6.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of depressive symptomatology in early postnatal period and its relationship with obstetric risk factors. Material and Methodology: This is a cross sectional study involving 293 women from postnatal ward Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Malaysia. They were screened for depression at day 1 to day 5 postpartum and 4 to 6 weeks postpartum using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). At the first visit, the women completed questionnaires on socio-demography and obstetric risk factors and Brief Patient Health Questionnaire (BPHQ-9). At the second visit which is 4-6 weeks postpartum, they only completed EPDS. Results: Two hundred and ninety-three women successfully completed the study (100% response rates). The prevalence of PND at 4-6 weeks postpartum using the EPDS score of 12 or more was 27.3%. Women with the history of abortion (p < 0.05) and early postnatal depression (p < 0.05) was significantly associated with PND. Conclusion: Postnatal depression among women in Hospital USM was more common compared to previously reported series in Malaysia. Women with the history of abortion and early postnatal depression were significantly associated with PND. © 2009 Japan International Cultural Exchange Foundation.

Matched MeSH terms: Women
Fulltext Carpal tunnel syndrome in pregnancy : is there really oedema in the carpal tunnel?

Mohamed Faizal Sikkandar, Shalimar Abdullah, Rajesh Singh, Parminder Singh Gill, Nur Azuatul Akmal Kamaludin, Tan Jin Aun, et al.

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(1):191-195.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Compression of the median nerve in pregnancy is thought to be due to fluid retention within the carpal tunnel space. We aim to discover the cause of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) in pregnancy using high resonance ul- trasonography. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study where obstetric patients were screened for CTS and subjected to a non invasive ultrasonic imaging. Results: A total of 63 patients were seen with 25 diagnosed to have CTS (39.7%) and 38 patients had none (60.3%) based on a screening tool. Age ranged from 20-42 years old with the highest range in the 28-30 year old group (34.9%). In patients with CTS, the cross sectional area of the median nerve inside the tunnel was a mean of 0.908 cm ie larger, while non-CTS patients had a mean of 0.797 cm inside the tunnel. The transverse carpal ligament (TCL) measured a mean of 0.0988 cm in the CTS group (ie thinner) and 0.1058 cm in the non-CTS group. Median nerve mobility at equal to or less than one tendon width was 80% in pregnant women with CTS and 92.1% for those without. No fluid was present within the carpal tunnel of all patients. The results were sta- tistically not significant. Conclusion: Ultrasonographic evidence in pregnant women with CTS shows a larger median nerve, a more mobile median nerve and a less thick transverse carpal ligament. There is absence of fluid retention and synovitis ruling out extrinsic compression of the median nerve as cause of CTS in pregnancy.

Matched MeSH terms: Pregnant Women
Fulltext Prevention of oral health disease: knowledge and practices among pregnant women in Kuantan, Malaysia

Nurjasmine Aida Binti Jamani, Karimah Hanim Binti Abd. Aziz, Zurainie Binti Abllah

International Journal of Allied Health Sciences, 2019;3(4):923-932.
MyJurnal

Background: Oral disease in association of pregnancy outcome has been long researched.
Most pregnant women perceived that oral disease in pregnancy are expected and considered
to be normal. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the knowledge of pregnant women and
their practices towards oral disease. Methods: 296 pregnant mothers were recruited from
government clinics in Kuantan, Malaysia. A validated and self -administered questionnaire
assessing knowledge, attitudes and practices towards oral health was used. Results were
analysed by descriptive analysis, chi square test and multiple logistic regression. Results:
Most respondents showed poor knowledge on oral health problem with its pregnancy
outcome (66.6%) and poor attitude about dental health during pregnancy (53.4%). Half of
them had good practice on oral health. Tooth cavity (46.3%) and gum bleeding (29.4%) were
the commonest problem reported by them. Only one third of the mothers utilize dental
service. Higher level of education was associated with better oral health practice [OR:0.02 CI
(1.12,3.92)] Conclusions: Knowledge on the relationship between oral health and pregnancy
outcome is still low among pregnant mothers. Utilization of dental service was also low. High
level of education is proven to give better oral health care.

Matched MeSH terms: Pregnant Women
Fulltext Association between Perceived Oral Symptoms and Presence of Clinically Diagnosed Oral Diseases in a Sample of Pregnant Women in Malaysia

Yunita Sari E, Saddki N, Yusoff A

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2020 10 08;17(19).
PMID: 33049972 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197337

The integration of oral health into primary health care denotes the important role of medical counterparts as the front liners in antenatal care to help screen mothers for oral symptoms and refer them to dentists accordingly. However, the validity of self-perceived oral health status is inconclusive. This study determined the association between self-perceived oral symptoms and the presence of clinically diagnosed oral diseases in a sample of pregnant women. A total of 192 pregnant women participated in this cross-sectional study. Clinical oral examinations were performed to record dental caries experience, gingival health and periodontal health. The women were also asked about their oral symptoms. Most women had at least one oral symptom (84.9%): cavitated tooth (62.0%), bad breath (38.5%), bleeding gums (28.6%), and toothache (22.9%). About half of the women had untreated dental caries (58.9%), and the odds were significantly higher in women who complained of having cavitated tooth. About half of the women had moderate to severe gingivitis (53.7%), and the odds were significantly higher in women who complained of bleeding gums. About half had periodontal pockets (46.3%), and the odds were higher in women who complained of bleeding gums and bad breath although lower in women who complained of swollen gums. In conclusion, the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease among pregnant women in this study were relatively high. The presence of untreated dental caries, moderate and severe gingivitis, and periodontal pockets were significantly associated with their corresponding oral symptoms.

Matched MeSH terms: Pregnant Women
Hydrops fetalis: a simple novel screen for the rapid identification of haemoglobin Bart's syndrome

George-Kodiseri E, Faridah K

Family Physician, 1991;3(1):25-27.

Haemoglobin Bart's hydrops fetalis syndrome is totally lethal. Globin chain electrophoresis on mylar backed cellulose acetate strips, by a method modified from Ueda and Schneider has been established to demonstrate total absence of alpha chains in this syndrome. This simple test can identify fetuses, stillbirths and newborns with homozygous Î±o-thalassaemia. In this region where DNA studies are limited, and prenatal diagnosis is unavailable, this test which describes the phenotypic expression of Hb Bart's syndrome will improve genetic counselling of women at risk of homozygous Î±o-thalassaemia.

Matched MeSH terms: Women
Intestinal parasites in women and children in Singapore

Andrews MN, Shrimpton EAG

Journal of the Malaya Branch of the British Medical Association, 1938;2:136-43.

Matched MeSH terms: Women
Haematologic parameters in Malaysian patients with acute myocardial infarction acute coronary syndromes

Quek DKL, George E, Sahak S, Baharim Z

Family Physician, 1991;3:39-44.

Haematologic abnormalities are found in patients who develop acute ischaemic syndromes including acute myocardial infarction (AMI). A coronary care unit population of 660 consecutive patients were studied for their haematologic parameters on admission. There were 263 patients who had AMI, 207 who had non-infarct acute ischaemic syndromes (CAD), and the other 190 non-coronary patients served as controls. Overall patients with AMI had signijicantly higher haemoglobin (145 ± 2.2 vs 12.9 ± 3.0 g/dl, p<0.0001), haematocrit (45.4 ± 5.8% vs 41.2 ± 8.8%. P < 0.001). red cell count (5.0 ± 0.7 vs 4.5 ± 10^12 p<0.001), but there were no significant differences in their leucocyte count, platelet count or mean corpuscular volume. Patients with CAD had higher haemoglobin and red cell counts (p<0.002, p<0.02 respectively). Although infarct women tended to have lower counts (p<0.001), they still had significantly higher haemoglobin (p<0.01), haematocrit (p<0.02) and red cell count(p<0.002) when compared with controls. Interestingly, there were no ethnic differences at all with regard to haematologic values for infarct patients; haemoglobin, haematocrit, and red count were each significantly higher than controls. Our results suggest that a relatively high baseline Hb, haematocrit or RBC count may be associated with increased likelihood of acute ischaemic syndromes including AMI among Malaysians. Increased viscosity and abnormal haemorheological characteristics may contribute to the development and subsequent outcome of unstable coronary syndromes. Keywords: acute myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, haemoglobin, haematocrit, haemorheology.

Matched MeSH terms: Women
Outcomes of an In Vitro Fertilization Pregnancy With COVID-19 and the Perinatal Outcome in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Alhamoud AH, Matary F, Bukhari S, Kelantan M, Bajahzer M

Cureus, 2020 Dec 26;12(12):e12296.
PMID: 33510990 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.12296

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a pandemic and potentially fatal disease. COVID-19 cases are on the rise globally; this also includes risk groups such as pregnant women and neonates. Herein, we report the first COVID-19 cesarean delivery case of an in vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancy in a Saudi woman. A postdate pregnant healthy woman tested positive with COVID-19 on her 38 weeks + five days. On her 40 weeks + five days, the woman had dilation without contractions; thereby, cesarean delivery was decided. The delivery was successful, with no complications in the mother and neonate. The preferable outcomes of this case could be attributable to some factors: multidisciplinary medical management, the mother's young age, and COVID-19 infection during the late trimester.

Matched MeSH terms: Pregnant Women
Fulltext High physical activity and high sedentary behavior increased the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus among women with excessive gestational weight gain: a prospective study

Yong HY, Mohd Shariff Z, Mohd Yusof BN, Rejali Z, Bindels J, Tee YYS, et al.

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 2020 Oct 07;20(1):597.
PMID: 33028258 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-03299-8

BACKGROUND: Although physical activity (PA) in pregnancy benefits most women, not much is known about pregnancy-related changes in PA and its association with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk. The aim of this study was to identify the trajectory of PA during pregnancy and possible associations with the risk of GDM.
METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study of 452 pregnant women recruited from 3 health clinics in a southern state of Peninsular Malaysia. PA levels at the first, second, and third trimester were assessed using the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire. GDM was diagnosed at 24-28 weeks of gestation following the Ministry of Health Malaysia criteria. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify PA trajectories. Three multivariate logistic models were used to estimate the odds of trajectory group membership and GDM.
RESULTS: Two distinct PA trajectories were identified: low PA levels in all intensity of PA and sedentary behavior (Group 1: 61.1%, n = 276) and high PA levels in all intensity of PA as well as sedentary behavior (Group 2: 38.9%, n = 176). Moderate and high intensity PA decreased over the course of pregnancy in both groups. Women in group 2 had significantly higher risk of GDM in two of the estimated logistic models. In all models, significant associations between PA trajectories and GDM were only observed among women with excessive gestational weight gain in the second trimester.
CONCLUSIONS: Women with high sedentary behavior were significantly at higher risk of GDM despite high PA levels by intensity and this association was significant only among women with excessive GWG in the second trimester. Participation in high sedentary behavior may outweigh the benefit of engaging in high PA to mitigate the risk of GDM.

Matched MeSH terms: Pregnant Women
Fulltext The effectiveness of antenatal class towards improvement of knowledge among pregnant women in Hospital Chancellor Tuanku Muhriz (HCTM)

Rohani Mamat, Roziah Arabi, Hartini Jantan, Hanisah Zainal Abidin, Nor Azizah Ahmad, Shakinah Awang

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(105):60-0.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Antenatal knowledge is associated with positive outcome for pregnant women as it provides infor- mation to allow them to identify any problems during pregnancy. Studies have underlined the problems of the information overload is possible during an antenatal class, it is unclear to what extend information given during an- tenatal class are retain by mother, thus the need for this study. Methods: This is a quasi-pre-post experimental study involving 82 participants. Baseline pre and post knowledge on antenatal class was evaluated among respondents using validate questionnaires. T-test was used to determine the relationship between various socio-demographic factors and knowledge of respondents. Results: Chi-square test used to test pre and post knowledge score. There was a significant increase in the difference between before and after antenatal classes run against the knowledge. In addition, the study found no significant difference for participants who are professional and non-professional and level of education. Conclusion: This study concludes thatthe antenatal classes run in HCTM shows a positive im- pact in improving maternal care during pregnancy, childbirth and care after birth. It is best to suggest that to increase promotion and information regarding antenatal classes so that pregnant women and couple could attend and get the benefit from the class.

Matched MeSH terms: Pregnant Women
Fulltext Socio-demographic and psychosocial factors associated with physical activity of working woman in Petaling Jaya,Malaysia

Siti Affira, K., Mohd Nasir, M.T., Hazizi, A.S., Kandiah, M.

Malays J Nutr, 2011;17(3):315-324.
MyJurnal

Introduction: This study was conducted on 215 working women from four private corporate companies in a suburb in Malaysia to determine the factors related to their physical activity levels. Methods: Data were collected using a questionnaire which included socio-demographic characteristics, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), perceived barriers and benefits to physical activity, self-efficacy to physical activity and an 8-item questionnaire on current
behavioral stage of physical activity. Results: The majority of the respondents were Malay (81.9%) with 10.2% being Chinese and 7.9% Indian. Most of the respondents were executives (64.2%), while the rest were non-executives (24.7%) and managers (11.2%). The mean weight, height, BMI and waist circumference were 59.4±13.1 kg, 1.6±0.6 m, 23.7±4.8 kg/m² and 77.0±12.1cm respectively. In this sample, 24.7% and 7.9% were overweight and obese respectively, while 34%
were at risk of abdominal obesity. A total of 28.8% of the respondents had low physical activity level, while 48.8% and 22.3% were in the moderate and high physical activity categories respectively. An association was found between monthly income (χ2=110.17; p

Matched MeSH terms: Women, Working
Women's Attitude and Its Influence on Violence During Pregnancy in Northern State of Peninsular Malaysia: Cross-Sectional Study

Haron K, Shaffie Z, Ghazi HF, Isa ZM

J Interpers Violence, 2021 03;36(5-6):NP2576-NP2600.
PMID: 29624110 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518759059

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of men's violence against pregnant women and whether it is influenced by women's attitude. A cross-sectional study was carried out in a hospital in northern state of Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 1,200 postnatal women aged 18 years and above who had been admitted to the hospital were recruited in the study. Universal sampling was performed, and participants were interviewed face-to-face by using a validated Malay version of WHO Women's Health and Life Experiences Questionnaire. The main outcome measures in the study were emotional, physical or sexual violence. The study results showed that more than one third of women (35.9%; confidence interval [CI] = [0.33, 0.39]) had experienced any type of violence during pregnancy with the commonest was psychological violence (29.8%; CI = [0.27, 0.32]) followed by physical (12.9%; CI = [0.11, 0.15]) and sexual violence (9.8%; CI = [0.08, 0.12]). Women who were drug users, had an exposure to violence during childhood, had higher parity, and had inadequate antenatal care were at greater risk. Agree that husband is justified to hit his wife in certain conditions and agree that women has a right to refuse sex in certain conditions were among violence-supporting attitudes. It can be concluded that men's violence against pregnant women is extremely prevalent. Sensitive assessment, attitude modification, and intervention (primary, secondary, and tertiary) are of great value in combating men's violence against pregnant women.

Matched MeSH terms: Pregnant Women
Detection of acute Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women by IgG avidity and PCR analysis

Roozbehani M, Gharavi MJ, Moradi M, Razmjou E

Trop Biomed, 2018 Dec 01;35(4):908-914.
PMID: 33601840

During pregnancy, Toxoplasma gondii can be transmitted from mother to foetus and trigger a primary infection that may be symptomatic. It is important to distinguish between recently acquired and past infections to ensure proper treatment to minimize irreversible foetal injury. We used PCR of the B1 gene to evaluate the accuracy of T. gondii IgG antibody avidity testing in discriminating recent from past infection. In a cross-sectional study, T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies were detected by enzyme linked fluorescence assay (ELFA) in 2120 serum samples from pregnant women referred to Karaj medical laboratories, February 2013 through March 2015 with 40 samples found positive. IgM-positive samples were evaluated by IgG avidity testing and PCR to amplify the B1 gene. Avidity studies indicated 20 samples with high IgG avidity, 15 with low IgG avidity, and five showing borderline values. The B1 gene was amplified in the borderline samples, with nine of the 15 showing low avidity. The B1 gene was not amplified in the high avidity sera. Our findings suggest that IgG avidity alone may not be sufficient to discriminate recent from past T. gondii infection and should not be used as the sole confirmatory test in pregnant women with IgG and IgM T. gondii antibodies. IgG avidity testing in combination with PCR may be more reliable for distinguishing between high- and low-risk infection and decrease the frequency of unnecessary treatment of pregnant women.

Matched MeSH terms: Pregnant Women
Fulltext Prevalence of Psychological Distress and Depressive Disorders among Married Working Women in Malaysia

Umi Adzlin, S., Marhani, M., salina, A.A., Ruzanna, Z., Rosdinom, R., Rozhan Sharif, M.R., et al.

Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 2011;20(1):1-12.
MyJurnal

This two-phase study examined the prevalence of depressive disorders among married working women in a sub-urban area in Malaysia. The Malay version of the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) was used for initial screening. Using multistage cluster sampling, there were 700 subjects from 25 workplaces that were approached, of which 307 filled out GHQ-12 in the initial phase. The prevalence of psychological distress (GHQ 2/3 cut off) is 22.8% (n=70, 95% CI 18.1-27.5). In the second phase, all 49 consenting patients who were screened positive for severe psychological distress (GHQ 3/4 cut off point) were telephone-interviewed by a trained psychiatrist with the Malay version of Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I) to diagnose depressive disorders. The prevalence of depressive disorders was 5.5% (n=17, 95% CI 3.5-7.5). The prevalence of depressive disorders is comparable to those found in the working population worldwide.

Matched MeSH terms: Women, Working

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