Displaying publications 61 - 80 of 117 in total

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  1. Fulltext Impacts of Nonsynonymous Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Adiponectin Receptor 1 Gene on Corresponding Protein Stability: A Computational Approach
    Saleh MA, Solayman M, Paul S, Saha M, Khalil MI, Gan SH
    Biomed Res Int, 2016;2016:9142190.
    PMID: 27294143 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9142190
    Despite the reported association of adiponectin receptor 1 (ADIPOR1) gene mutations with vulnerability to several human metabolic diseases, there is lack of computational analysis on the functional and structural impacts of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the human ADIPOR1 at protein level. Therefore, sequence- and structure-based computational tools were employed in this study to functionally and structurally characterize the coding nsSNPs of ADIPOR1 gene listed in the dbSNP database. Our in silico analysis by SIFT, nsSNPAnalyzer, PolyPhen-2, Fathmm, I-Mutant 2.0, SNPs&GO, PhD-SNP, PANTHER, and SNPeffect tools identified the nsSNPs with distorting functional impacts, namely, rs765425383 (A348G), rs752071352 (H341Y), rs759555652 (R324L), rs200326086 (L224F), and rs766267373 (L143P) from 74 nsSNPs of ADIPOR1 gene. Finally the aforementioned five deleterious nsSNPs were introduced using Swiss-PDB Viewer package within the X-ray crystal structure of ADIPOR1 protein, and changes in free energy for these mutations were computed. Although increased free energy was observed for all the mutants, the nsSNP H341Y caused the highest energy increase amongst all. RMSD and TM scores predicted that mutants were structurally similar to wild type protein. Our analyses suggested that the aforementioned variants especially H341Y could directly or indirectly destabilize the amino acid interactions and hydrogen bonding networks of ADIPOR1.
    Matched MeSH terms: Exons/genetics
  2. Distinct haplotype profiles and strong linkage disequilibrium at the MDR1 multidrug transporter gene locus in three ethnic Asian populations
    Tang K, Ngoi SM, Gwee PC, Chua JM, Lee EJ, Chong SS, et al.
    Pharmacogenetics, 2002 Aug;12(6):437-50.
    PMID: 12172212
    The MDR1 multidrug transporter plays a key role in determining drug bioavailability, and differences in drug response exist amongst different ethnic groups. Numerous studies have identified an association between the MDR1 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) exon 26 3435C>T and differences in MDR1 function. We performed a haplotype analysis of the MDR1 gene in three major ethnic groups (Chinese, Malays and Indians) by examining 10 intragenic SNPs. Four were polymorphic in all three ethnic groups: one occurring in the non-coding region and three occurring in coding exons. All three coding SNPs (exon 12 1236C>T, exon 21 2677G>T/A and exon 26 3435C>T) were present in high frequency in each ethnic group, and the derived haplotype profiles exhibited distinct differences between the groups. Fewer haplotypes were observed in the Malays (n = 6) compared to the Chinese (n = 10) and Indians (n = 9). Three major haplotypes (> 10% frequency) were observed in the Malays and Chinese; of these, two were observed in the Indians. Strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) was detected between the three SNPs in all three ethnic groups. The strongest LD was present in the Chinese, followed by Indians and Malays, with the corresponding LD blocks estimated to be approximately 80 kb, 60 kb and 40 kb, respectively. These data strongly support the hypothesis that strong LD between the neutral SNP exon 26 3435C>T and a nearby unobserved causal SNP underlies the observed associations between the neutral SNP and MDR1 functional differences. Furthermore, strong LD between exon 26 3435T and different unobserved causal SNPs in different study populations may provide a plausible explanation for conflicting reports associating the same exon 26 3435T allele with different MDR1 functional changes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Exons/genetics
  3. Linkage disequilibrium between two loci (5' untranslated exon 1 and intron 5-DdeI) of the antithrombin III gene in three ethnic groups in Singapore
    Liu Y, Saha N, Low PS, Tay JS
    Hum. Hered., 1995 Jul-Aug;45(4):192-8.
    PMID: 7558050
    The distribution of two common DNA polymorphisms (5' untranslated exon 1 and intron 5-DdeI) of the antithrombin III (ATIII) gene was studied in three ethnic groups in Singapore: 251 Chinese, 221 Dravidian Indians and 102 Malays. The polymorphisms were identified by the polymerase chain reaction and size fractionation in agarose gels. The 5' untranslated to exon 1 polymorphism is a length polymorphism while the intron 5 polymorphism is a restriction site (DdeI) polymorphism. The frequency of the short fragment (S) of the 5' to exon 1 length polymorphism of the ATIII gene was found to be 0.37 in the Chinese, 0.54 in the Malays and 0.65 in the Dravidian Indians. For the Chinese, this was significantly lower compared to the Caucasians and Indians (p < 0.0001) and the Malays (p < 0.01). On the other hand, the frequencies of DdeI+ did not vary significantly among these three populations (p > 0.05). The distribution of different genotypes at these two loci of the ATIII gene was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in all three ethnic groups. A strong linkage disequilibrium between these two polymorphisms was observed in all the ethnic groups and the estimated correlation coefficient (delta) was 0.42 in the Chinese (p < 0.001), 0.61 in the Dravidian Indians (p < 0.001) and 0.43 in the Malays (p < 0.001). The frequencies of haplotype S+, L+ and L- were, respectively, 0.37, 0.40 and 0.23 in the Chinese, 0.65, 0.18 and 0.16 in the Dravidian Indians and 0.54, 0.37 and 0.09 in the Malays.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
    Matched MeSH terms: Exons/genetics
  4. Fulltext Quantitative analysis of ERG expression and its splice isoforms in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded prostate cancer samples: association with seminal vesicle invasion and biochemical recurrence
    Hagen RM, Adamo P, Karamat S, Oxley J, Aning JJ, Gillatt D, et al.
    Am J Clin Pathol, 2014 Oct;142(4):533-40.
    PMID: 25239421 DOI: 10.1309/AJCPH88QHXARISUP
    The proto-oncogene ETS-related gene (ERG) is consistently overexpressed in prostate cancer. Alternatively spliced isoforms of ERG have variable biological activities; inclusion of exon 11 (72 base pairs [bp]) is associated with aggressiveness and progression of disease. Exon 10 (81 bp) has also been shown to be alternatively spliced. Within this study, we assess whether ERG protein, messenger RNA (mRNA), and ERG splice isoform mRNA expression is altered as prostate cancer progresses.
    Matched MeSH terms: Exons/genetics
  5. Variation in intronic microsatellites and exon 2 of the Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter gene during modification of artemisinin combination therapy in Thailand
    Seethamchai S, Buppan P, Kuamsab N, Teeranaipong P, Putaporntip C, Jongwutiwes S
    Infect Genet Evol, 2018 11;65:35-42.
    PMID: 30016713 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.07.015
    The amino acid substitution at residue 76 of the food vacuolar transmembrane protein encoded by the chloroquine resistance transporter gene of Plasmodium falciparum (Pfcrt) is an important, albeit imperfect, determinant of chloroquine susceptibility status of the parasite. Other mutations in Pfcrt can modulate susceptibility of P. falciparum to other antimalarials capable of interfering with heme detoxification process, and may exert compensatory effect on parasite growth rate. To address whether nationwide implementation of artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) in Thailand could affect sequence variation in exon 2 and introns of Pfcrt, we analyzed 136 P. falciparum isolates collected during 1997 and 2016 from endemic areas bordering Myanmar, Cambodia and Malaysia. Results revealed 6 haplotypes in exon 2 of Pfcrt with 2 novel substitutions at c.243A > G (p.R81) and c.251A > T (p.N84I). Positive selection was observed at amino acid residues 75, 76 and 97. Four, 3, and 2 alleles of microsatellite (AT/TA) repeats occurred in introns 1, 2 and 4, respectively, resulting in 7 different 3-locus haplotypes. The number of haplotypes and haplotype diversity of exon 2, and introns 1, 2 and 4 were significantly greater among isolates collected during 2009 and 2016 than those collected during 1997 and 2008 when 3-day ACT and 2-day ACT regimens were implemented nationwide, respectively (p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Exons*
  6. Fulltext Inherited Anti-Thrombin Deficiency in A Malay-Malaysian Family: A Missense Mutation at Nucleotide g.13267C>A aka anti-thrombin Budapest 5 (p.Pro439Thr) of the SERPINC 1 gene
    Norlelawati AT, Rusmawati I, Naznin M, Nur Nadia O, Rizqan Aizzani R, Noraziana AW
    Med J Malaysia, 2014 Feb;69(1):27-30.
    PMID: 24814625 MyJurnal
    OBJECTIVE: Inherited anti-thrombin deficiency is an autosomal dominant disorder which is associated with increased risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). This condition is very rare in Malaysia and there has been no documented report. Thus, the aim of the present study is to investigate the type of an inherited anti-thrombin deficiency mutation in a 25-year-old Malay woman who presented with deep vein thrombosis in her first pregnancy.

    METHODS: DNA was extracted from the patient's blood sample and buccal mucosal swabs from family members. Polymerase chain reaction(PCR) assays were designed to cover all seven exons of the serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade C (antithrombin), member 1 (SERPINC1) gene; and the products were subjected to DNA sequencing. Sequences were referred to NCBI Reference Sequence: NG_012462.1.

    RESULTS: A heterozygous substitution mutation at nucleotide position 13267 (CCT->ACT) was identified in the patient and two other family members, giving a possible change of codon 439 (Pro→Thr) also known as anti-thrombin Budapest 5. The genotype was absent in 90 healthy controls.

    CONCLUSION: The study revealed a heterozygous antithrombin Budapest 5 mutation in SERPINC 1 giving rise to a possible anti-thrombin deficiency in a Malay-Malaysian family.
    Matched MeSH terms: Exons
  7. Two closely spaced nonsense mutations in the DMD gene in a Malaysian family
    Rani AQ, Malueka RG, Sasongko TH, Awano H, Lee T, Yagi M, et al.
    Mol Genet Metab, 2011 Jul;103(3):303-4.
    PMID: 21514860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2011.04.002
    In Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), identification of one nonsense mutation in the DMD gene has been considered an endpoint of genetic diagnosis. Here, we identified two closely spaced nonsense mutations in the DMD gene. In a Malaysian DMD patient two nonsense mutations (p.234S>X and p.249Q>X, respectively) were identified within exon 8. The proband's mother carried both mutations on one allele. Multiple mutations may explain the occasional discrepancies between genotype and phenotype in dystrophinopathy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Exons
  8. A study of association of the complement C4 mutations with systemic lupus erythematosus in the Malaysian population
    Puah SM, Lian LH, Chew CH, Chua KH, Tan SY
    Lupus, 2007;16(9):750-4.
    PMID: 17728371 DOI: 10.1177/0961203307079454
    The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of C4 gene mutations with systemic lupus erythematosus, in 130 Malaysian SLE patients and 130 healthy controls. Generally, various PCR approaches were used to screen the mutations of the C4 genes, which included 2 bp (+TC) insertions at codon 1213 in exon 29, 1 bp deletions (-C) at codon 811 in exon 20, 1 bp (-C), 2 bp (-GT) deletions at codons 522 and 497 in exon 13 and null alleles. No mutations located at exons 13, 20 and 29 of the C4 gene, were detected amongst the patient and control samples in this study. C4A*Q0 was found in two out of the 130 control samples, while C4B*Q0 was present in two out of the 130 SLE patients. Overall, our results do not demonstrate a significant association to these known C4 mutations identified by previous studies, in the Malaysian scenario.
    Matched MeSH terms: Exons
  9. Fulltext Germline RET mutations in exons 10 and 11: an Iranian survey of 57 medullary thyroid carcinoma cases
    Hedayati M, Nabipour I, Rezaei-Ghaleh N, Azizi F
    Med J Malaysia, 2006 Dec;61(5):564-9.
    PMID: 17623957
    The susceptibility gene for hereditary Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (MTC) is the RET proto-oncogene. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of common germline RET mutations in exons 10 and 11 among Iranian MTC patients. Fifty-seven non-related MTC patients were examined in this study (Females: Males =1.2:1.0, Mean age = 40.0 +/- 11.5 years) and the existence of mutations was assessed through the PCR-RFLP technique. The only Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A) patient displayed a C634W mutation in exon 11. Among 53 apparently sporadic MTC patients, one patient showed a C620R mutation in exon 10 and two other patients displayed C624Y mutations in exon 11 of RET proto-oncogene. Neither the only Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 2B (MEN2B) patient nor two Familial MTC patients was found to carry germline mutations in exons 10 and 11. This study reports, for the first time, the prevalence of common RET mutations among Iranian, apparently sporadic MTC patients, underlining the critical importance of screening for RET mutations in such patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Exons
  10. Fulltext Generalized epilepsy with febrile seizure plus (GEFS+) spectrum: Novel de novo mutation of SCN1A detected in a Malaysian patient
    Tan EH, Yusoff AA, Abdullah JM, Razak SA
    J Pediatr Neurosci, 2012 May;7(2):123-5.
    PMID: 23248692 DOI: 10.4103/1817-1745.102575
    In this report, we describe a 15-year-old Malaysian male patient with a de novo SCN1A mutation who experienced prolonged febrile seizures after his first seizure at 6 months of age. This boy had generalized tonic clonic seizure (GTCS) which occurred with and without fever. Sequencing analysis of voltage-gated sodium channel a1-subunit gene, SCN1A, confirmed a homozygous A to G change at nucleotide 5197 (c.5197A > G) in exon 26 resulting in amino acid substitution of asparagines to aspartate at codon 1733 of sodium channel. The mutation identified in this patient is located in the pore-forming loop of SCN1A and this case report suggests missense mutation in pore-forming loop causes generalized epilepsy with febrile seizure plus (GEFS+) with clinically more severe neurologic phenotype including intellectual disabilities (mental retardation and autism features) and neuropsychiatric disease (anxiety disorder).
    Matched MeSH terms: Exons
  11. Molecular genetic analysis of phosphatase and tensin homolog and p16 tumor suppressor genes in patients with malignant glioma
    Abdullah JM, Zainuddin N, Sulong S, Jaafar H, Isa MN
    Neurosurg Focus, 2003 Apr 15;14(4):e6.
    PMID: 15679305
    Several genes have been shown to carry mutations in human malignant gliomas, including the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) deleted on chromosome 10 and p16 tumor suppressor genes. Alterations of this gene located on chromosome 10 q23 and 9p21, respectively, may contribute to gliomagenesis. In this study, the authors analyzed 20 cases of malignant gliomas obtained in patients living on the east coast of Malaysia to investigate the possibilities of involvement of the PTEN and p16 genes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Exons
  12. Common Genetic Variation in Circadian Rhythm Genes and Risk of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC)
    Jim HS, Lin HY, Tyrer JP, Lawrenson K, Dennis J, Chornokur G, et al.
    J Genet Genome Res, 2015 09 15;2(2).
    PMID: 26807442
    Disruption in circadian gene expression, whether due to genetic variation or environmental factors (e.g., light at night, shiftwork), is associated with increased incidence of breast, prostate, gastrointestinal and hematologic cancers and gliomas. Circadian genes are highly expressed in the ovaries where they regulate ovulation; circadian disruption is associated with several ovarian cancer risk factors (e.g., endometriosis). However, no studies have examined variation in germline circadian genes as predictors of ovarian cancer risk and invasiveness. The goal of the current study was to examine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in circadian genes BMAL1, CRY2, CSNK1E, NPAS2, PER3, REV1 and TIMELESS and downstream transcription factors KLF10 and SENP3 as predictors of risk of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and histopathologic subtypes. The study included a test set of 3,761 EOC cases and 2,722 controls and a validation set of 44,308 samples including 18,174 (10,316 serous) cases and 26,134 controls from 43 studies participating in the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (OCAC). Analysis of genotype data from 36 genotyped SNPs and 4600 imputed SNPs indicated that the most significant association was rs117104877 in BMAL1 (OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.68-0.90, p = 5.59 × 10-4]. Functional analysis revealed a significant down regulation of BMAL1 expression following cMYC overexpression and increasing transformation in ovarian surface epithelial (OSE) cells as well as alternative splicing of BMAL1 exons in ovarian and granulosa cells. These results suggest that variation in circadian genes, and specifically BMAL1, may be associated with risk of ovarian cancer, likely through disruption of hormonal pathways.
    Matched MeSH terms: Exons
  13. A novel HLA-B*27 allele, B*27:138, identified by sequence-based typing
    Koay BT, Norfarhana KF, Norhafizi MY, Lee YY, Dhaliwal JS
    Tissue Antigens, 2015 Aug;86(2):143-4.
    PMID: 26105122 DOI: 10.1111/tan.12599
    Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder with predilection for the axial skeleton, leading to progressive restricted mobility and deformity of the spine. The fundamental mechanism involves autoimmunity orchestrated by T cells. Similar to other rheumatic diseases, the complex interplay of cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6 (IL 6) and interleukin-10 (IL 10) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease. Despite extensive research over the past decades, the treatment options for AS, are limited. Non steroidal antiinflammatory drugs are the first line of therapy, whereas anti TNF drugs are administered for refractory cases which fail to respond to the treatment. There have been conflicting views on the correlation of IL 6 with disease activity in AS. As such, the debate on the role of anti IL6 in AS is still ongoing. Anti IL 6 such as tocilizumab and siltuximab have proven efficacy based on the large randomized controlled trials. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved these drugs for treating rheumatoid arthritis and systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Researchers have adventurously experimented anti IL 6 therapy in AS but the conclusions made were not consolidated into international guidelines or consensus statement for clinical practice. In the present review, we explore the role of anti IL6 in the treatment of AS based on the cumulative evidence over recent years.
    Matched MeSH terms: Exons
  14. Inheritance of deleterious mutations at both BRCA1 and BRCA2 in an international sample of 32,295 women
    Rebbeck TR, Friebel TM, Mitra N, Wan F, Chen S, Andrulis IL, et al.
    Breast Cancer Res, 2016 11 11;18(1):112.
    PMID: 27836010
    BACKGROUND: Most BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers have inherited a single (heterozygous) mutation. Transheterozygotes (TH) who have inherited deleterious mutations in both BRCA1 and BRCA2 are rare, and the consequences of transheterozygosity are poorly understood.

    METHODS: From 32,295 female BRCA1/2 mutation carriers, we identified 93 TH (0.3 %). "Cases" were defined as TH, and "controls" were single mutations at BRCA1 (SH1) or BRCA2 (SH2). Matched SH1 "controls" carried a BRCA1 mutation found in the TH "case". Matched SH2 "controls" carried a BRCA2 mutation found in the TH "case". After matching the TH carriers with SH1 or SH2, 91 TH were matched to 9316 SH1, and 89 TH were matched to 3370 SH2.

    RESULTS: The majority of TH (45.2 %) involved the three common Jewish mutations. TH were more likely than SH1 and SH2 women to have been ever diagnosed with breast cancer (BC; p = 0.002). TH were more likely to be diagnosed with ovarian cancer (OC) than SH2 (p = 0.017), but not SH1. Age at BC diagnosis was the same in TH vs. SH1 (p = 0.231), but was on average 4.5 years younger in TH than in SH2 (p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Exons
  15. Genetic variations in influx transporter gene SLC22A1 are associated with clinical responses to imatinib mesylate among Malaysian chronic myeloid leukaemia patients
    Makhtar SM, Husin A, Baba AA, Ankathil R
    J Genet, 2018 Sep;97(4):835-842.
    PMID: 30262695
    Imatinib mesylate (IM), a well-established gold standard drug in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), is a synthetic tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Despite excellent efficacy, a significant number of patients on IM therapy develop resistance to IM. Currently, great focus has been laid on the effect of interindividual pharmacogenetic variability on IM treatment responses. IM uptake is mediated by the hOCT1 protein encoded by the solute carrier 22 gene (SLC22A1). The current study investigated the impact of few single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of SLC22A1 on mediating resistance and/or good response to IM among 278 Malaysian CML patients (146 IM-resistant group and 132 IM good response group) undergoing IM therapy on 400 mg daily. Our results showed that the allelic frequencies of heterozygous (CG) and homozygous variant (GG) genotypes of SLC22A1 C480G were significantly higher in the IM-resistant group compared with the IM good response group (41.8% versus 30.3% and 10.9% versus 4.5% with P values of 0.047 and 0.048, respectively). On evaluating the association of genotypes with risk of IM resistance development, heterozygous (CG) and homozygous (GG) variant genotypes showed significantly higher risk for developing resistance to IM treatment with odds ratio (OR): 1.901 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.142-3.163, P = 0.013) and 3.324 (95% CI: 1.235-8.947, P = 0.017), respectively. Two SNPs and two insertions/deletions were detected in exon 7 of SLC22A1. For exon 7, 1222AA carriers together with the presence of both the 8-bp insertion and 3-bp deletion, and M420del alleles showed higher possibility of developing resistance towards IMtreatment. Our results warrant the need of genotyping this SNP in terms of modulating IM treatment in CML patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Exons
  16. Fulltext Genotypic and phenotypic variation of CADASIL among Chinese, Indians and Rungus in Malaysia
    Toh, Tsun-Haw, Lim, Kheng-Seang, Ng, Ching-Ching, Imran Idris, Sherrini Bazir Ahmad, Lim, Thien-Thien, et al.
    Neuroscience Research Notes, 2019;2(3):1-11.
    MyJurnal
    Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a hereditary disease of small cerebral arteries. This case series aims to describe the mutations in NOTCH3and their phenotypes in Malaysia. We includedpatients who were genetically confirmed to have CADASIL, diagnosed at the University of Malaya Medical Centre, Malaysia. Family members who fulfilled clinical or imaging criteria, and patients from two previous published Malaysian families were also included. Six families (eleven cases) were included in this series. Genetic testing revealed NOTCH3 mutations in c.328C>T (p.Arg110Cys, R110C), c.553T>G (p.Cys185Gly, C185G), c.1630C>T (p.Arg544Cys, R544C) and c.160C>T (p.Arg54Cys, R54C). Two out of four Chinese families had R544C mutation in exon 11, with a later age of onset, absence of migraine and lack of anterior temporal pole involvement on MRI. One family with mixed Indian and Chinese ancestry had a mutation in exon 3 with R110C and another Indian family exon 4 with C185G mutation. This case series highlights the genotypic and phenotypic variability of CADASIL in a multi-ethniccountry. The finding of p.Arg544Cys mutation among the older Chinese families, similar to those reported in Jeju Island and Taiwan, suggest the need to screen the older Chinese stroke patients with typical MRI changes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Exons
  17. Fulltext Investigation Trp64Arg polymorphism of the beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene in nonobese women with polycystic ovarian syndrome
    Zangeneh FZ, Shoushtari MS, Shojaee S, Aboutorabi E
    Int J Reprod Biomed, 2020 Mar;18(3):165-174.
    PMID: 32309765 DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v18i3.6712
    Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial and heterogeneous disease that has a potent inheritable component based on familial clustering. Despite many studies in the genetic field of PCOS, the genes that are involved in the causes of this syndrome have not been thoroughly investigated.

    Objective: The purpose of this study was to establish the occurrence of the Trp64Arg polymorphism of beta3 adrenergic receptor in non-obese women with PCOS.

    Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 100 women with PCOS and normal women as the control group in Imam Khomeini Hospital of Tehran in 2016-2017. Peripheral blood sample (2 cc) was obtained from two groups for genomic DNA based on the gene bank. Polymorphisms were genotyped by of using ADRB3 Trp64Arg. Then the DNA was extracted by genomic kiagen kit. The primer was analyzed for PCR based on gene bank by using Primer3 software and then confirmed by primer Blast tool at NCBI site to conformity to the beta-3 adrenergic receptor gene. The protein changes were assessment by the Clastal W software.

    Results: The sequence analysis presented in NCBI, transcript variant 1, with the code NM_000025.2, shows changes in the amino acid sequence of exon 1 in women with PCOS. Polymorphism in the codon 64 encoding the amino acid tryptophan (W) occurred in the nucleotide c.T190C, which changed the nucleotide T to C and then the amino acid sequence of the tryptophan was altered to arginine pW64R.

    Conclusion: T-C polymorphism is evident in the codon 64 of the adrenergic β3 receptor in patients with PCOS. Therefore, Beta3 adrenergic receptor gene polymorphism (Thr164Ile) associates with this syndrome in nonobese women.

    Matched MeSH terms: Exons
  18. Fulltext The Phosphofructokinase and Pyruvate Kinase Genes in Apis andreniformis and Apis cerana indica: Exon Intron Organisation and Evolution
    Shullia NI, Raffiudin R, Juliandi B
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2019 Jan;30(1):89-107.
    PMID: 30847035 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2019.30.1.6
    Genes related to carbohydrate metabolism have evolved rapidly in eusocial bees, including honey bees. However, the characterisation of carbohydrate metabolism genes has not been reported in Apis andreniformis or Apis cerana indica. This study aimed to characterise phosphofructokinase (PFK) and pyruvate kinase (PK) genes in these honey bee species and to analyse the evolution of the genus Apis using these genes. This study found the first data regarding A. andreniformis PFK and PK-like nucleotide sequences. A BLAST-n algorithm-based search showed that A. andreniformis and A. c. indica PFK and PK genes were homologous with those of Apis florea and Apis cerana cerana from Korea, respectively. Multiple alignments of PFKs from five Apis species showed many exon gains and losses, but only one among the PKs. Thus, the exon-intron organisation of the PK genes may be more conserved compare with that of the PFKs. Another evolutionary pattern indicated that more nucleotide substitutions occurred in Apis' PK than PFK genes. Deduced PFK amino acid sequences revealed a PFK consensus pattern of 19 amino acids, while the deduced PK amino acid sequences were predicted to have barrel and alpha/beta domains. Based on these two metabolism-related genes, The Neighbour-joining and Maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees are congruent and revealed that the A. andreniformis and A. florea group were in the basal position. Apis mellifera, A. cerana, and Apis dorsata formed a monophyletic clade, although the positions of A. mellifera and A. dorsata were different in the nucleotide- and amino acid-based phylogenetic trees.
    Matched MeSH terms: Exons
  19. Fulltext Screening for XPD312 polymorphisms in human oral cancer: a preliminary study
    Khor, Chai Wey, Ahmad Azlina, Ponnuraj, Kannan Thirumulu, Noor Hayati Abdul Razak
    Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 2010;5(2):42-46.
    MyJurnal
    Xeroderma pigmentosum-D (XPD) is one of the genes that play a role in the Nucleotide-Excision Repair (NER). Polymorphisms in XPD gene have been identified and reported to be associated with many types of cancer with two common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), namely, XPD312 and XPD751. The XPD312 polymorphism is at exon 10 codon 312 Asp to Asn (A→G) and the association of this polymorphism with oral cancer is very little known, especially, in Malaysia. The aim of this study was to screen for XPD312 gene polymorphisms in human oral cancer patients attending Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Malaysia. Blood samples were collected from 10 oral cancer and 10 normal healthy subjects with their consent. DNA was extracted using commercial DNA extraction kit and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed to amplify the XPD312 gene. The PCR products were digested using restriction enzyme, Sty I and analyzed on a 3% agarose gel for the detection of polymorphisms. This was followed by DNA sequencing to confirm the findings. In the current study, only homozygous wild type polymorphisms in the XPD312 gene was noticed in the oral cancer tissues as revealed by the restriction enzyme and DNA sequencing analyses.
    Matched MeSH terms: Exons
  20. Fulltext Relevance of BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants in treating triple negative breast cancer patients
    Engku Fatimah Syairah Engku Safruddin, Wan Zainira Wan Zain, Bhavaraju, Venkata Murali Krishna, Kannan, Thirumulu Ponnuraj
    Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 2017;12(2):69-76.
    MyJurnal
    Given that the germline mutations of BRCA1 and BRCA2 confer genetic susceptibility to cancer, the
    genetic variations, polymorphisms or mutations are widely analyzed in Western countries. However, in Asian
    population, the prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 polymorphisms is very limited. In Asia, breast cancer occurs in
    women early with an age of onset under 50 years. This review comprises the incidence of BRCA1 and BRCA2
    polymorphisms in the Japanese, Korean and Malaysian population. Founder mutations of BRCA1 and BRCA2
    were also compared to mark the genetic difference in these populations. The mutational analysis performed to
    analyze the entire coding region of BRCA1 and BRCA2 include the next generation sequencing and full
    sequencing of all exons and intron-exon junctions. From the diagnosis of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC)
    patients, TNBC is associated with the lack of tailored therapies and the treatment option available for TNBC
    patients is mainly chemotherapy. The poor prognosis of TNBC leads to determine the predictive biomarkers in
    order to develop treatment efficacy. This review will address the current clinical therapies available to treat TNBC
    patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Exons
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