Displaying publications 61 - 80 of 244 in total

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  1. Chong YH
    Med J Malaysia, 1980 Jun;34(4):329-35.
    PMID: 7219258
    Matched MeSH terms: Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena*
  2. Sinniah D, Chon FM, Arokiasamy J
    Acta Paediatr Scand, 1980 Jul;69(4):525-9.
    PMID: 7446101
    Concerned by the alarming decline in breast feeding in the urban and rural areas of Malaysia, we conducted a critical review of infant feeding practices among nursing personnel from representative centres using questionnaires. It was found that although 75% of mothers breast-fed their babies at birth only 19% did so at 2 months and 5% at 6 months respectively. Chinese mothers initiated breast feeding less frequently compared with Indian or Malay mothers. The prevalence of breast feeding was higher among lower category nurses, lower income groups and those from health centres. Decision for breast feeding was based in most instances on conviction derived from reading, lectures or advice from relatives. The vast majority of mothers listed "work' as the main reason for termination of breast feeding followed by "insufficient breast milk' and satisfactory past experience with bottle feeding. The ramifications of these findings and measures to improve the prevalence and duration of breast feeding are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena*
  3. Dimond HJ, Ashworth A
    Hum Nutr Appl Nutr, 1987 Feb;41(1):51-64.
    PMID: 3558008
    Infant feeding practices of 6149 mothers in Kenya, Mexico and Malaysia are reported. A high proportion of mothers initiated breast-feeding in each country regardless of social class. Most Kenyan mothers continued to breast-feed for at least 12 months. In Mexico and Malaysia, however, breast-feeding was discontinued relatively early, especially among urban mothers. Early supplementation of breast-fed infants with milk and/or other food was a common practice in each of the three countries. Among breast-fed infants below 4 months of age, the percentages who were exclusively breast-fed in the urban elite, urban poor and rural groups respectively were 6, 14 and 21 per cent in Kenya, 8, 19 and 31 per cent in Mexico, and 11, 9 and 11 per cent in Malaysia. Supplementation of breast-fed infants in the first two months of life was more likely to be with infant formula than with any other milk or food. At three months of age, however, nonmilk foods were the most common supplements in all population groups with the exception of those in urban Kenya. The policy implications are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena*
  4. Chong YH
    Med J Malaysia, 1982 Jun;37(2):134-40.
    PMID: 6813659
    Health, including nuirition is not independent but is closely associated with the social and economic environment. Malnutrition itself can cause death, but more commonly, it can cause considerable ill-health, physical retardation, impaired mental performance, loss in productivity and a decline in the quality of life. The effects of malnutrition as obstacles to socio-economic development are now well recognised. In a rapidly developing country like Malaysia, the nutritional and nutritionally-related problems present themselves with contrasting features. While population indicators such as toddler mortality, incidence of low birthweight and food balance sheet studies suggest an improving nutritional situation, methods of direct assessment have shown that chronic protein-energy malnutrition and anaemia are sWI common amongst pre-school children in both the rural and urban disadvantaged sectors. Moderate anaemia also affects a significant proportion of older children and women of childbearing age. Intestinal parasites, another indicator of under development at the local level, are ubiquitous in the rural setting and urban slums owing to unsatisfactory waste disposal. In striking contrast, diseases associated with dietary excesses and increasing affluence have now emerged as the major killers. This changing pattern of mortality and morbidity along the lines encountered by the industrialised societies is now dramatised by the fact that road accidents are now claiming a large number of victims. It is clear that while continued efforts should be given to the improvement of the nutritional health of both rural and urban poverty communities, little time should be wasted in considering the adoption of public health measures aimed at stemming the rising number of deaths associated with our increasing affluence, particularly those diseases that are nutritionally linked, such as coronary heart disease, hypertension and diabetes mellitus, not forgetting the increasing road toll afflicted by the motor vehicle.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nutritional Physiological Phenomena*
  5. Chen PC, Noordin RA, Ngor LY
    Med J Malaysia, 1979 Dec;34(2):100-7.
    PMID: 548710
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena*
  6. Noor Hafizah Y, Ang LC, Yap F, Nurul Najwa W, Cheah WL, Ruzita AT, et al.
    PMID: 31783477 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16234722
    As there are few food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) to assess the dietary intake of preschool children, this study examined the validity and reliability of an FFQ for this purpose. A total of 210 preschoolers aged 4 to 6 years participated in the validation study, while a subsample of 66 participants joined the reliability study. The FFQ is modified from the ToyBox-study and South East Asian Nutrition Surveys (SEANUTS), and comprised 108 food items from 13 food groups. A three-day estimated dietary record (3DR) was used as reference and reliability was assessed through a second administration of the FFQ (FFQ2), four weeks after the first administration (FFQ1). For the validation study, Spearman's correlation coefficients showed moderate to high correlations (p < 0.001) between FFQ and 3DR. Cross-classification of quartile analysis showed moderate agreement between the two methods. As for reliability, Spearman's correlation coefficients showed moderate to high correlations (p < 0.001) between FFQ1 and FFQ2. Cronbach's alpha values (0.708 to 0.824) and intraclass correlation coefficients (0.710 to 0.826) showed good agreement between repeated FFQs. The results suggest that the FFQ has acceptable validity and good reliability. Hence, the FFQ can be used to assess preschool children's food intake.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena/physiology*
  7. Ng AK, Hairi NN, Dahlui M, Su TT, Jalaludin MY, Abdul Majid H
    Br J Nutr, 2020 12 14;124(11):1207-1218.
    PMID: 32624008 DOI: 10.1017/S0007114520002202
    The longitudinal relationship between muscle strength, dietary intake and physical activity among adolescents is not well understood. We investigated the trend and longitudinal effects of dietary intakes and physical activity scores on muscle strength in adolescents. This prospective cohort study consisted of 436 adolescents (134 males; 302 females) aged 13 years at baseline (2012) who were followed up at the ages of 15 (2014) and 17 (2016) years, respectively. We measured muscle strength using a calibrated hand dynamometer, estimated dietary intake with a 7-d dietary history and physical activity scores with a validated physical activity questionnaire for older children. A generalised estimating equation was used to examine the effect of dietary intakes and physical activity on muscle strength changes. The analysis was performed separately by sex. The muscle strength for males and females had increased within the 5-year period. The dietary intakes (energy and macronutrients) also increased initially but plateaued after the age of 15 years for both sexes. Females recorded a significant declining trend in physical activity scores compared with males as they grew older. A significant positive longitudinal relationship was found between protein (β = 0·035; P = 0·016), carbohydrate intake (β = 0·002; P = 0·013) and muscle strength among males. However, no longitudinal relationship was found between dietary intake, physical activity and muscle strength among females. Higher protein and carbohydrate intake among males was associated with higher muscle strength but was not observed in females. Nutrition and physical activity focusing on strength building are required in early adolescence and need to be tailored to males and females accordingly.
    Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent Nutritional Physiological Phenomena/physiology*
  8. Manderson L
    Int J Health Serv, 1982;12(4):597-616.
    PMID: 6754637 DOI: 10.2190/0A5U-GCC6-V4BU-28T5
    Considerable attention has been paid to the correlation between high infant morbidity and mortality rates and the increased incidence of bottle feeding. The shift from prolonged breast feeding to a mixed regime or the exclusive use of sweetened condensed milk or infant formula has been related to the promotional activities of milk companies, and typically has been presented as a relatively recent development in Third World countries. However, the marketing of tinned and powdered milk only partially explains the increased use of these products. In colonial Malaya, condensed milk was marketed from the late 19th century. Infant formula was available from the turn of the century and was widely advertised, first in the English-language press and later also in the vernacular presses. At the same time, other social and cultural factors served to discourage breast feeding. There were changes in ideas regarding ideal body weight for both women and infants, and regarding infant care and diet; these ideas were presented in the mass media. In addition, maternal and child health clinics, established in the 1920s to reduce the high infant mortality rate, both propagated popular beliefs about infant weight and supplied milk and educated women to artificially feed their infants. Industry, the media, and health services all promoted, if not always intentionally, bottle feeding rather than breast feeding. Bottle feeding as an ideal, if not a reality, was thus well established before the intensive promotion of milk products by multinational corporations that followed the political independence of the colony.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena*
  9. Itani L, Radwan H, Hashim M, Hasan H, Obaid RS, Ghazal HA, et al.
    Nutr J, 2020 04 21;19(1):36.
    PMID: 32316972 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-020-00553-9
    BACKGROUND: Suboptimum weight gain during pregnancy may carry long term health consequences for the infant or mother. Nutritional imbalances are well recognized as a determinant of gestational weight gain. Few studies examined the effect of dietary patterns on gestational weight gain, especially in countries undergoing nutrition transition, such as the United Arab Emirates.

    OBJECTIVES: To characterize dietary patterns among pregnant women living in the UAE and examine their associations with gestational weight gain and gestational weight rate.

    METHODOLOGY: Data were drawn from the Mother-Infant Study Cohort, a two-year prospective cohort study of pregnant women living in the United Arab Emirates, recruited during their third trimester (n = 242). Weight gain during pregnancy was calculated using data from medical records. The Institute of Medicine's recommendations were used to categorize gestational weight gain and gestational weight gain rate into insufficient, adequate, and excessive. During face-to-face interviews, dietary intake was assessed using an 89-item culture-specific semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire that referred to usual intake during pregnancy. Dietary patterns were derived by principal component analysis. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the associations of derived dietary patterns with gestational weight gain/gestational weight gain rate.

    RESULTS: Two dietary patterns were derived, a "Diverse" and a "Western" pattern. The "Diverse" pattern was characterized by higher intake of fruits, vegetables, mixed dishes while the "Western" pattern consisted of sweets and fast food. The "Western" pattern was associated with excessive gestational weight gain (OR:4.04,95% CI:1.07-15.24) and gestational weight gain rate (OR: 4.38, 95% CI:1.28-15.03) while the "Diverse" pattern decreased the risk of inadequate gestational weight gain (OR:0.24, 95% CI:0.06-0.97) and gestational weight gain rate (OR:0.28, 95% CI:0.09-0.90).

    CONCLUSION: The findings of this study showed that adherence to a "Diverse" pattern reduced the risk of insufficient gestational weight gain/gestational weight gain rate, while higher consumption of the "Western" pattern increased the risk of excessive gestational weight gain/gestational weight gain rate. In view of the established consequences of gestational weight gain on the health of the mother and child, there is a critical need for health policies and interventions to promote a healthy lifestyle eating through a life course approach.

    Matched MeSH terms: Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena*
  10. Abdullah NF, Teo PS, Foo LH
    Nutrients, 2016 Sep 12;8(9).
    PMID: 27626444 DOI: 10.3390/nu8090551
    OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to identify the ethnic differences in dietary patterns and its association with socio-economic, dietary and lifestyle practices among adolescents in Kelantan, Malaysia.

    METHODS: A population-based study of 454 adolescents aged 12 to 19 years was included. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary patterns and three dietary patterns were identified based on the principal component analysis method.

    RESULTS: Malay adolescents had significantly higher scores for the Western-based food pattern and local-based food pattern, whereas Chinese adolescents showed higher scores for the healthy-based food pattern. Multivariate analyses show that age and physical activity (PA) levels were positively associated with healthy-based food pattern in Malay (All, p < 0.001), whereas higher consumption of eating-out from home (EatOut) (p = 0.014) and fast food (p = 0.041) were negatively associated. High weekly breakfast skipping (p < 0.001) and EatOut (p = 0.003) were positively associated with a Western-based pattern, whereas age (p < 0.001) and household income (p = 0.005) were negatively associated. Higher frequency of daily snacking (p = 0.013) was positively associated with local-based food pattern. For Chinese adolescents, age (p < 0.001), PA levels (p < 0.001) and maternal education level (p = 0.035) showed positive associations with the healthy-based pattern, whereas high EatOut (p = 0.001) and fast food intakes (p = 0.001) were negatively associated. Higher weekly consumption of EatOut (p = 0.007), fast food (p = 0.023) and carbonated beverages (p = 0.023), and daily snacking practice (p = 0.004) were positively associated with higher Western-based food pattern, whereas age (p = 0.004) was inversely associated.

    CONCLUSION: This study showed that there were significant differences in dietary patterns and its association factors between Malay and Chinese adolescents. More importantly, these findings suggest that unhealthy dietary and lifestyle practices could increase the risk of adherence to unhealthy Western-based food pattern that is high in fat, sugar and salt contents, and, consequently, increase the risk of developing obesity and metabolic-related disorders during these critical years of growth.

    Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent Nutritional Physiological Phenomena/ethnology*
  11. Rampal L
    Med J Malaysia, 1977 Sep;32(1):6-16.
    PMID: 609347
    Matched MeSH terms: Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena*
  12. Dugdale AE
    Br J Nutr, 1971 Nov;26(3):423-32.
    PMID: 5171959
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena*
  13. THOMSON FA, MERRY E
    Br J Nutr, 1962;16:175-83.
    PMID: 13920972
    Matched MeSH terms: Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena*
  14. PMID: 12260380
    PIP: At the Inter-Governmental Coordinating Committee Workshop on an Integrated Approach towards Family Planning and Health Programs held at Kuala Lumpur from March 23 to 25, 1977, the feasibility of integrating family planning with nutrition and parasite control through the proper planning of motivational considerations, resource allocation and coordination was studied in detail. Discussion focused on the experience of participating countries in generating community participation in total health programs. Malaysia reported that in the expansion of the national program into the rural areas functional integration has been the approach. In Indonesia nutrition has been an important objective of maternal and child health services. A total integrated development approach has been the objective in the Philippines where family planning information-education-communication has been integrated with nutrition programs and a pilot project on integration of family planning and parasite control has been conducted. Thailand reported on the introduction of an integrated family planning and parasite control program, while Sri Lanka reported on an integrated approach that included family planning with maternity and child health services. A recommendation of the meeting was that experimental pilot projects be established which include nutrition and parasite control elements within the framework of family planning services.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nutritional Physiological Phenomena*
  15. Vandenplas Y, Latiff AHA, Fleischer DM, Gutiérrez-Castrellón P, Miqdady MS, Smith PK, et al.
    Nutrition, 2019 01;57:268-274.
    PMID: 30223233 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.05.018
    OBJECTIVES: Guidance and evidence supporting routine use of partially hydrolyzed formula (pHF) versus intact cows' milk protein (CMP) formula are limited in non-exclusively breastfed infants. The aim of this review was to better clarify issues of routine use of pHF in non-exclusively breastfed infants who are not at risk for allergic disease by using a systematic review and Delphi Panel consensus.

    METHODS: A systematic review and Delphi consensus panel (consisting of eight8 international pediatric allergists and gastroenterologists) was conducted to evaluate evidence supporting growth, tolerability, and effectiveness of pHF in non-exclusively breastfed infants.

    RESULTS: None of the studies reviewed identified potential harm of pHF use compared with CMP in non-exclusively breastfed infants. There was an expert consensus that pHF use is likely as safe as intact CMP formula, given studies suggesting these have comparable nutritional parameters. No high-quality studies were identified evaluating the use of pHF to prevent allergic disease in non-exclusively breastfed infants who are not at risk for allergic disease (e.g., lacking a parental history of allergy). Limited data suggest that pHF use in non-exclusively breastfed infants may be associated with improved gastric emptying, decreased colic incidence, and other common functional gastrointestinal symptoms compared with CMP. However, because the data are of insufficient quality, the findings from these studies have to be taken with caution. No studies were identified that directly compared the different types of pHF, but there was an expert consensus that growth, allergenicity, tolerability, effectiveness, and clinical role among such pHF products may differ.

    CONCLUSIONS: Limited data exist evaluating routine use of pHFs in non-exclusively breastfed infants, with no contraindications identified in the systematic review. An expert consensus considers pHFs for which data were available to be as safe as CMP formula as growth is normal. The preventive effect on allergy of pHF in infants who are not at risk for allergic disease has been poorly studied. Cost of pHF versus starter formula with intact protein differs from country to country. However, further studies in larger populations are needed to clinically confirm the benefits of routine use of pHF in non-exclusively breastfed infants. These studies should also address potential consumer preference bias.

    Matched MeSH terms: Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena/drug effects*
  16. Selamat R, Raib J, Abdul Aziz NA, Zulkafly N, Ismail AN, W Mohamad WNA, et al.
    Ecol Food Nutr, 2019 11 22;59(3):263-278.
    PMID: 31755310 DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2019.1694922
    This study aimed to determine dietary practices and meal patterns among Malaysian overweight and obese school children at baseline. This study was part of a school-based obesity intervention study, My Body is Fit and Fabulous at School (MyBFF@school). It involved 1045 primary and 1041 secondary overweight and obese school children from a randomly selected 23 out of 1196 primary and 15 out of 416 secondary government schools in central Peninsular Malaysia. The results showed a significantly higher of adequate intake (4-8 servings/day) of cereals and grains among primary (54.7%) than secondary school children (48.2%). About 28.2% of primary and 32.6% of secondary school children had consumed adequate fruit (2 servings/day), while a very low percentage of both primary (5.0%) and secondary (3.6%) school children consumed adequate vegetables (3 servings/day). As for the meal patterns, school children in both primary and secondary were not taking breakfast regularly (mean±SD for primary: 3.16 ± 2.61 days/week vs secondary: 2.97 ± 2.52 days/week). There was also a significantly higher mean frequency of primary school children brought plain water to school than the secondary school children. In conclusion, urgent actions to address improper dietary practices and meal patterns of overweight and obese school children in Malaysia are warranted.
    Matched MeSH terms: Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena*
  17. Man CS, Salleh R, Ahmad MH, Baharudin A, Koon PB, Aris T
    PMID: 32423077 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103431
    Balanced diet in the early stages of life plays a role in optimum growth and maintains good health status of adolescents. Dietary habits that are established during adolescence will sustain till adulthood. Therefore, this present study aims to identify the dietary patterns and to determine factors associated with dietary patterns in terms of socio-demographic characteristics, locality of schools, ethnicity, eating habits, self-perceived weight status, and food label reading habit among adolescents in Malaysia. Data from the Adolescent Nutrition Survey (ANS) 2017 was used for the present study. ANS is a population representative school-based cross-sectional study among school-going adolescents from primary four to secondary five from schools in 13 states and three federal territories registered under the Ministry of Education Malaysia. A self-administrated questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-demographic characteristics, locality of schools, ethnicity, eating habits, self-perceived weight status, and food label reading habit. A pre-tested face-to-face food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to collect information on food group intake frequency. Dietary patterns were identified by using exploratory factor analysis and associated factors, using complex sample general linear model (GLM) analysis. All statistical analyses were carried out at 95% confidence interval or p-value < 0.05. The dietary patterns identified are healthy, unhealthy, and alternative proteins. The healthy dietary pattern was significantly associated with the types of school and ethnicity. The unhealthy dietary pattern was significantly associated with the locality of schools, ethnicity, frequency of snacks intake per week, frequency of eating out per week, self-perceived weight status, and food label reading habit. Significant associations were found between alternative proteins dietary pattern and locality of schools, ethnicity, and types of school. This study found that there is a disparity of dietary patterns between different ethnicity, locality of schools, and types of school. We recommend strategies of specifying ethnicity and geographical area to improve dietary patterns of adolescents in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent Nutritional Physiological Phenomena*
  18. Muniandy ND, Allotey PA, Soyiri IN, Reidpath DD
    BMJ Open, 2016 11 15;6(11):e011635.
    PMID: 27852704 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011635
    INTRODUCTION: The rise in the prevalence of childhood obesity worldwide calls for an intervention earlier in the life cycle. Studies show that nutrition during early infancy may contribute to later obesity. Hence, this study is designed to determine if the variation in complementary feeding practices poses a risk for the development of obesity later in life. A mixed methods approach will be used in conducting this study.

    METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The target participants are infants born from January to June 2015 in the South East Asia Community Observatory (SEACO) platform. The SEACO is a Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) that is established in the District of Segamat in the state of Johor, Malaysia. For the quantitative strand, the sociodemographic data, feeding practices, anthropometry measurement and total nutrient intake will be assessed. The assessment will occur around the time complementary feeding is expected to start (7 Months) and again at 12 months. A 24-hour diet recall and a 2-day food diary will be used to assess the food intake. For the qualitative strand, selected mothers will be interviewed to explore their infant feeding practices and factors that influence their practices and food choices in detail.

    ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical clearance for this study was sought through the Monash University Human Research and Ethics Committee (application number CF14/3850-2014002010). Subsequently, the findings of this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, national and international conferences.

    Matched MeSH terms: Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena*
  19. Yunitasari E, Al Faisal AH, Efendi F, Kusumaningrum T, Yunita FC, Chong MC
    BMC Pediatr, 2022 Dec 21;22(1):727.
    PMID: 36539759 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03728-x
    BACKGROUND: Complementary foods with breastfeeding are foods or drinks given to children aged 6-23 months to meet their nutritional needs. The non-optimal provision of complementary feeding influences malnutrition in children of this age.

    AIMS: To analyze the factors associated with complementary feeding practices among children aged 6-23 months in Indonesia.

    METHODS: A cross-sectional design was employed using data from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey. A total of 502,800 mothers with children aged 6-23 months were recruited through multistage cluster sampling. Data were analyzed using a logistic regression test to determine the correlation between predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors and complementary feeding practices.

    RESULTS: A prevalence values of analysis showed that approximately 71.14%, 53.95%, and 28.13% of the children met MMF, MMD, and MAD, respectively. The probability of achieving minimum dietary diversity (MDD) was high in the following: children aged 18-23 months (odds ratio [OR] = 9.58; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 7.29-12.58), children of mothers with higher education (OR = 5.95; 95% CI = 2.17-16.34), children from households with upper wealth index (OR = 2.53; 95% CI = 1.85-3.48), children of mothers who received childbirth assistance by professionals (OR = 1.63; 95% CI = 1.20-2.20), and children of mothers who had access to the Internet (OR = 1.26; 95% CI = 1.06-1.50). Moreover, children from households with the upper wealth index (OR = 1.40; 95% CI = 1.03-1.91), children whose mothers were employed (OR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.02-1.39) living in urban areas (OR = 1.28; 95% CI = 1.06-1.54) and children of mothers who received childbirth assistance by professionals (OR = 1.33; 95% CI = 0.98-1.82) were more likely to meet Minimum Meal Frequency (MMF). Finally, children aged 18-23 months (OR = 2.40; 95% CI = 1.81-3.17), of mothers with higher education (OR = 3.15; 95% CI = 0.94-10.60), from households with upper wealth index (OR = 1.41; 95% CI = 1.05-2.90) and born with professional childbirth assistance (OR = 1.82; 95% CI = 1.21-2.75) were significantly associated with minimum acceptable diet (MAD).

    CONCLUSIONS: The findings revealed that the prevalence of MDD and MAD in Indonesia was low. Strategies such as improving health services, economic conditions, and education level of mothers are needed to improve infant and young child feeding in Indonesia.

    Matched MeSH terms: Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena*
  20. Brands B, Chomtho S, Suthutvoravut U, Chiong Meng Boey C, Tang SF, Godfrey KM, et al.
    Nutrients, 2020 Jun 18;12(6).
    PMID: 32570814 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061817
    BACKGROUND: The double burden of both under- and overnutrition during the first 1000 days is highly prevalent in Southeast Asia (SEA), with major implications for lifelong health. Tackling this burden requires healthcare professionals (HCPs) to acquire evidence-based current knowledge and counselling skills. We assessed the needs of HCPs in SEA and developed a continuing medical education/professional development (CME/CPD) program using an e-learning platform to reduce existing gaps.

    METHODS: European, Thai and Malaysian universities collaborated with SEA national nutrition associations in the Early Nutrition eAcademy Southeast Asia (ENeA SEA) project. We assessed HCPs' needs using questionnaires and mapped CME/CPD programmes and regulations through stakeholder questionnaires. Using a co-creation approach, we established an e-learning platform. Evaluation in users was undertaken using questionnaires.

    RESULTS: HCPs in SEA reported major training gaps relating to the first 1000 days of nutrition and limited impact of existing face-to-face training. Existing pre/postgraduate, residency and CME/CPD programmes did not adequately address the topic. To address these gaps, we produced a targeted e-learning platform with six modules and CME-tests. National ministries, Thai and Malaysian universities, and professional associations endorsed the training platform. To date, over 2600 HCPs have registered. Evaluation shows high acceptance and a very positive assessment.

    CONCLUSIONS: Dedicated e-learning can reduce major gaps in HCP training in SEA regarding nutrition during the first 1000 days of life at scale and is highly valued by both users and key stakeholders.

    Matched MeSH terms: Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena*
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