Displaying publications 801 - 820 of 1434 in total

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  1. Fulltext Concha bullosa in chronic sinusitis
    Subramanian S, Lekhraj Rampal GR, Wong EFM, Mastura S, Razi A
    Med J Malaysia, 2005 Dec;60(5):535-9.
    PMID: 16515102
    Sinusitis is an important cause of morbidity and one of the major sources of income loss. Anatomical variations of the nose have been reported to predispose to sinusitis. These variations include concha bullosa, nasal septal deviation and oversized bulla. The aim of this study was to determine the proportion and the distribution of concha bullosa in patients with chronic sinusitis and to determine the relationship between concha bullosa and age, sex, ethnicity. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Ear, Nose and Throat in Kuala Lumpur Hospital (HKL). Data was collected retrospectively using a pretested proforma. All patients who underwent Sino nasal surgery between January 1999 and December 2000 and whose preoperative CT scans were available were included in the study. The CT scans were reviewed. Analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Out of 146 patients who underwent sinonasal surgery between January 1999 and December 2000, 101 (69.2% preoperative CT scans of these patients were available and these were reviewed. The proportion of patients with concha bullosa was 49.5%. The results showed that there was significant relationship between presence of concha bullosa and age and sex. The overall mean age of patient with concha bullosa was 35.7 years (95% CI 12.1-39.3) and ranged from 11-years to 56-years. The mean age of respondents with concha bullosa was significantly lower than patients without concha bullosa 41.98 (95% CI 37.6-46.3; t-test = 2.221; df=99; p < 0.05). Concha bullosa was significantly more in females (66.0%) compared to males (chi2 = 4.465, df=1, p < 0.05). There was no significant relationship between presence of concha bullosa and ethnicity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  2. Fulltext Martial arts injuries
    Pieter W
    Med Sport Sci, 2005;48:59-73.
    PMID: 16247253 DOI: 10.1159/000084283
    OBJECTIVE: To review the current evidence for the epidemiology of pediatric injuries in martial arts.

    DATA SOURCES: The relevant literature was searched using SPORT DISCUS (keywords: martial arts injuries, judo injuries, karate injuries, and taekwondo injuries and ProQuest (keywords: martial arts, taekwondo, karate, and judo), as well as hand searches of the reference lists.

    MAIN RESULTS: In general, the absolute number of injuries in girls is lower than in boys. However, when expressed relative to exposure, the injury rates of girls are higher. Injuries by body region reflect the specific techniques and rules of the martial art. The upper extremities tend to get injured more often in judo, the head and face in karate and the lower extremities in taekwondo. Activities engaged in at the time of injury included performing a kick or being thrown in judo, while punching in karate, and performing a roundhouse kick in taekwondo. Injury type tends to be martial art specific with sprains reported in judo and taekwondo and epistaxis in karate. Injury risk factors in martial arts include age, body weight and exposure.

    CONCLUSIONS: Preventive measures should focus on education of coaches, referees, athletes, and tournament directors. Although descriptive research should continue, analytical studies are urgently needed.

    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  3. Effects of 17beta-estradiol on the reproduction of Java-medaka (Oryzias javanicus), a new test fish species
    Imai S, Koyama J, Fujii K
    Mar Pollut Bull, 2005;51(8-12):708-14.
    PMID: 16291186
    17beta-estradiol (E2) is a female hormone which is known to be one of the strongest estrogenic chemicals in the environment. The present study investigated the effects of E2 on the reproduction of the estuarine fish, Java-medaka (Oryzias javanicus). Starting from the embryonic stages, Java-medaka was exposed for 6 months to 9.5, 16, 68, 159 and 243 ng/l of E2. The fecundity of Java-medaka exposed to E2 levels >16 ng/l was significantly lower than that of the control. The appearance of secondary sexual characteristics seemed to be inhibited by exposure to 159 and 243 ng/l E2. Vitellogenin concentrations in the liver of male fish exposed to 68, 159 and 243 ng/l were significantly higher than that of the control. Thirty-three and sixty percent of male fishes exposed to 159 and 243 ng/l, respectively, had testis-ova. These results suggest that reproduction in the Java-medaka, especially the male fish, could be affected by exposure to E2 concentrations greater than 16 ng/l.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Characteristics
  4. Health-related quality of life profiles among family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia
    Lua PL, Bakar ZA
    Fam Community Health, 2011 Oct-Dec;34(4):331-9.
    PMID: 21881420 DOI: 10.1097/FCH.0b013e31822b54ad
    This cross-sectional study aims to determine and compare health-related quality of life profiles of schizophrenia family caregivers on the basis of their sociodemographic characteristics. Thirty outpatient family caregivers completed the generic 36-Item Short Form Health Survey instrument (male = 53.5%; mean age = 51 years; married = 76.7%). The highest mean score was reported for social functioning while role limitation-emotional was rated the worst. Significantly better health-related quality of life profiles were demonstrated by caregivers who were male, younger than 50 years, adequately educated, employed, and without health problems and were receiving monthly income. Understanding of on health-related quality of life matters for family caregivers is crucial to improve the quality of care for schizophrenia patients.

    Study site: tients were
    identified with assistance from psychiatrists
    and nursing staff in-charge at a governmentfunded public hospital in Selangor, Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Distribution
  5. Determinants of smoking behaviour among secondary school students in Bangladesh
    Rahman MM, Ahmad SA, Karim MJ, Chia HA
    J Community Health, 2011 Oct;36(5):831-8.
    PMID: 21359500 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-011-9382-6
    Despite established country's tobacco control law, cigarette smoking by the young people and the magnitude of nicotine dependence among the students is alarming in Bangladesh. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of smoking and factors influencing it among the secondary school students. A two-stage cluster sampling was used for selection of schools with probability proportional to enrollment size followed by stratified random sampling of government and private schools. The 70-item questionnaire included 'core GYTS' (Global Youth Tobacco Survey) and other additional questions were used to collect relevant information. Analysis showed that the prevalence of smoking was 12.3% among boys and 4.5% among girls, respectively. The mean age at initiation of smoking was 10.8 years with standard deviation of 2.7 years. Logistic regression analysis revealed that boys are 2.282 times likely to smoked than girls and it was 1.786 times higher among the students aged 16 years and above than their younger counterparts. Smoking by teachers appeared to be the strong predictor for students smoking behaviour (OR 2.206, 95% CI: 1.576, 3.088) followed by peer influence (OR 1.988, 95% CI: 1.178, 3.356). Effective smoking prevention program should to be taken to reduce smoking behaviour. The school curricula had less impact in preventing smoking except teacher's smoking behaviour.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Distribution
  6. Fulltext Pattern of homicidal deaths autopsied at Penang Hospital, Malaysia, 2007-2009: a preliminary study
    Bhupinder S, Kumara TK, Syed AM
    Malays J Pathol, 2010 Dec;32(2):81-6.
    PMID: 21329178 MyJurnal
    This article describes the homicide pattern in Penang Island, Malaysia over a three-year period (2007-2009). 65 homicide autopsies were performed at the Department of Forensic Medicine, Penang Hospital over the study period. The homicide rates ranged from 0.01 to 0.09/1000 population, the highest being in the Indian ethnic group. The majority (37%) of victims were in the 20-39 years age group. The male: female ratio was 3:1. The majority of deaths were caused by blunt instruments (46%), followed by stab/slash wounds (25%) and asphyxiation (12%). 63% of homicides occurred in areas served by the police stations at Jalan Patani (23.1%), Sg. Nibong (16.9%), Central (12.3%) and Bayan Lepas (10.9%). 56 (86%) victims were brought in dead to the hospital, while 9 (14%) died after admission. Most (39%) incidences occurred in the morning. The methods of homicide were different from Kuala Lumpur, another highly urbanised area of Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Distribution
  7. Sociodemographic predictors of elderly's psychological well-being in Malaysia
    Momtaz YA, Ibrahim R, Hamid TA, Yahaya N
    Aging Ment Health, 2011 May;15(4):437-45.
    PMID: 21500010 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2010.536141
    Psychological well-being as one of the most important indicators of successful aging has received substantial attention in the gerontological literature. Prior studies show that sociodemographic factors influencing elderly's psychological well-being are multiple and differ across cultures. The aim of this study was to identify significant sociodemographic predictors of psychological well-being among Malay elders.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  8. Addressing men and gender diversity in education: a promising solution to the HIV/AIDS epidemic
    Ghajarieh AB, Kow KY
    Health Care Women Int, 2011 Apr;32(4):314-27.
    PMID: 21409664 DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2010.532577
    To date, researchers investigating gender in relation to social issues underscore women and appear to sideline men. Focusing on women in studies concerning sociogender issues may exclude not only men from mainstream research, but also those who do not fit into the binary gender system, including gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender (GLBT) people. One area closely related to gender issues is the HIV epidemic. Mainstream discussions of men and other versions of masculinity and femininity including GLBT people in the gender-related studies of the HIV epidemic can decrease the vulnerability of individuals against HIV infections regardless of their biological sex.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  9. Fulltext Prevalence and factors associated with smoking among form four students in Petaling District, Selangor, Malaysia
    Lim KH, Sumarni MG, Kee CC, Christopher VM, Noruiza Hana M, Lim KK, et al.
    Trop Biomed, 2010 Dec;27(3):394-403.
    PMID: 21399579 MyJurnal
    A cross-sectional study was conducted among form four students of secondary schools in the District of Petaling, Selangor, Malaysia from February 2008 to June 2008 with the aim of quantifying the prevalence of smoking and identifying the psychosocial factors related to smoking among adolescents in this district. A two-stage stratified sampling strategy was used to obtain a sample of 1300 students based on an estimated prevalence of 10%. The response rate was 80.5% (1045 out of 1298 students). Results showed that prevalence of smoking was higher among male students (22.3%) compared to females (5.5%) and the median age at smoking initiation was lower among males compared to female smokers (14 years old vs 15 years old). Modifiable risk factors associated with smoking were "percentage of friends who smoke" (OR 2.94, 95% CI [1.71- 5.06]) and "having a brother who smokes" (OR 1.97, 95% CI [1.20-3.31]). There was also a correlation between smoking prevalence and the number of risk factors present. Intensification of health education and anti-smoking programmes and modification of external factors in early adolescence are recommended to prevent smoking initiation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  10. A study of homicidal deaths in medico-legal autopsies at UMMC, Kuala Lumpur
    Kumar V, Li AK, Zanial AZ, Lee DA, Salleh SA
    J Clin Forensic Med, 2005 Oct;12(5):254-7.
    PMID: 16198967
    The main aim of this study was to determine the causes and epidemiological aspects of homicidal deaths. Data were collected on 217 homicidal victims from the total number of 2762 autopsies performed in UMMC, Kuala Lumpur over a five-year period, from year 1999 to 2003. There were 194 male victims and 23 female victims. The largest number of victims (63.6%) were in the age group of 20-39 years. Indians comprised the maximum proportion of victims (28.1%). Approximately 71.9% of victims came from the semiskilled and unskilled group. A majority of victims were married (47%). Injuries caused by sharp weapons (41%) were the most common cause of death, followed by blunt trauma and firearm injuries.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Distribution
  11. Fulltext Seroprevalence of Malassezia furfur in an urban population in Malaysia
    Chua KB, Devi S, Hooi PS, Chong KH, Phua KL, Mak JW
    Malays J Pathol, 2003 Jun;25(1):49-56.
    PMID: 16196378
    An in-house prepared M. furfur antigen was used to carry out a seroprevalence study in an urban population in Malaysia by indirect immunofluorescence assay. Of the 800 serum samples from all ages screened, 738 samples were positive for M. furfur specific IgG, giving an overall seropositive rate of 92.3%. There was no significant difference in the seropositive rates among the different gender group and races. However, there was a statistical significant difference in the seropositive rate among different age groups with a lower rate (73%) for the age group 5 years old and below, which increased rapidly to 99% for the 16 to 20 years old age group but declined slightly for the oldest age group. The degree of seropositivity, which semi-quantitatively reflect the anti-M. furfur specific IgG titre, did not show any significant difference among the gender and racial groups. On the other hand, there was a significant difference in the degree of seropositivity among the various age groups, with the 16 to 20 years old age group having the highest antibody titre and the extreme of age groups having the lower antibody titre.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  12. Fulltext Clinical and endoscopic features of peptic ulcer bleeding in Malaysia
    Kandasami P, Harjit K, Hanafiah H
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 Dec;59(5):617-22.
    PMID: 15889564 MyJurnal
    The characteristics of patients and the endoscopic features of 196 patients with bleeding peptic ulcer in a multi-ethnic population were investigated. There was a male preponderance (M: F= 6.3: 1) and their mean age was 63.5 years. The prevalence of peptic ulcer bleeding in the Malays and Indians was similar to the ethnic distribution of population. However, the Chinese were over represented. Nearly 40% of patients studied had at least one co-existing medical illness. Hypertension and ischaemic heart disease were the most common diseases. History of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug usage was identified in 48% of the patients and it was the commonest risk factor associated with bleeding ulcers. More than 80% of bleeding ulcers were located in the duodenum and the pylorus. Endoscopic features of active bleeding or recent bleed were identified in more than 60% of the patients. The study notes that bleeding peptic ulcer is a serious and a potentially life threatening condition. It is a disease of the elderly and, with the steadily increasing elderly population in the country, the admissions rates of peptic ulcer bleeding is expected to rise. There is a need to plan for appropriate technical support, critical care facilities and expertise to avoid unacceptable outcomes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Distribution
  13. Fulltext Body mass status of school children and adolescents in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Moy FM, Gan CY, Zaleha MK
    Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2004;13(4):324-9.
    PMID: 15563435
    Lifestyle and disease patterns in Malaysia have changed following rapid economic development. It is important to find out how these changes have affected the nutritional status and health behaviour of the population, especially school children and adolescents. Therefore a survey on school children's and adolescents' health behaviours and perception in Kuala Lumpur was initiated. This paper only reports the observed body mass status of the school children. A total of 3620 school children were selected in this survey using the method of multi-stage sampling. The students were surveyed using pre-tested questionnaires while weight and height were measured by the research team in the field. Using the cut-off of BMI-for-age >or= 95th percentile and <5th percentile for overweight and underweight respectively, there were a total of 7.3% of overweight students and 14.8% of underweight students. When analysed by gender; 7.5% of boys and 7.1% girls were overweight, while 16.2% of the boys and 13.3% of the girls were underweight. The youngest age group (11 years old) had the highest prevalence of underweight as well as overweight. With increasing age, the prevalence of underweight and overweight decreased and more children were in the normal weight range. The overall prevalence of overweight among the three ethnic groups was similar. However the prevalence of underweight was highest among the Indian students (24.9%), followed by Malays (18.9%) and Chinese (9.5%) (P <0.001). The results showed that both the problems of under- and over-nutrition co-exist in the capital city of Malaysia. The promotion of healthy eating and physical activities is required to address the problems of under- and over-nutrition in order to build up a strong and healthy nation in the future.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  14. Developmental changes in the facial morphology of the Borneo orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus): possible signals in visual communication
    Kuze N, Malim TP, Kohshima S
    Am J Primatol, 2005 Apr;65(4):353-76.
    PMID: 15834889
    Orangutans display remarkable developmental changes and sexual differences in facial morphology, such as the flanges or cheek-pads that develop only on the face of dominant adult males. These changes suggest that facial morphology is an important factor in visual communication. However, developmental changes in facial morphology have not been examined in detail. We studied developmental changes in the facial morphology of the Borneo orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) by observing 79 individuals of various ages living in the Sepilok Orangutan Rehabilitation Centre (SORC) in Malaysia and in Japanese zoos. We also analyzed photographs of one captive male that were taken over a period of more than 16 years. There were clear morphological changes that occurred with growth, and we identified previously unreported sexual and developmental differences in facial morphology. Light-colored skin around the eyes and mouth is most prominent in animals younger than 3 years, and rapidly decreases in area through the age of approximately 7 years. At the same time, the scattered, erect hairs on the head (infant hair) become thick, dense hairs lying on the head (adult hair) in both sexes. The results suggest that these features are infant signals, and that adult signals may include darkened face color, adult hair, whiskers, and a beard, which begin to develop after the age of approximately 7 years in both sexes. In females, the eyelids remain white even after 10 years, and turn black at around the age of 20; in males, the eyelids turn black before the age of 10. The whiskers and beards of adults are thicker in males than in females, and are fully developed before the age of 10 in males, while they begin to develop in females only after approximately 20 years. White eyelids and undeveloped whiskers and beards may be visual signals that are indicative of young adult females. Our results also show that the facial morphology of the unflanged male is similar to that of the adult female, although it has also been pointed out that unflanged males resemble younger individuals.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  15. Lupus nephritis in children in Malaysia
    Khoo JJ, Pee S, Thevarajah B, Yap YC, Chin CK
    J Paediatr Child Health, 2005 Jan-Feb;41(1-2):31-5.
    PMID: 15670221 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.2005.00532.x
    OBJECTIVES: To determine the pattern of renal histology, clinical outcome of children with lupus nephritis and to identify any associated risk factors predicting renal failure in these children.
    METHODS: Retrospectively, 27 children under 16 years of age with lupus nephritis who had renal biopsies done at Sultanah Aminah Hospital Johor, Malaysia from 1994 to 2002 were studied. The renal histology was graded according to WHO classification system (1982). The medical records, laboratory data and the clinical outcome of the patients were studied.
    RESULTS: There were 24 cases of WHO Class IV, two cases of WHO Class II and a case of WHO Class V. Twenty children were in the good renal outcome group while six children progressed into the poor renal outcome group and required renal replacement. One child was lost to follow-up. All six children in the poor renal outcome group had WHO Class IV histology. The 5-year patient and renal survival rates were 84% and 75%, respectively. Age, sex, activity and chronicity indices in the renal histology, anaemia, elevated serum creatinine, depressed levels of C3 and C4, heavy proteinuria or presence of urinary active sediments were not associated with progression to renal failure.
    CONCLUSIONS: Presently, children with lupus nephritis appeared to have better patient and renal survival rates. Assessment of renal histology in these children was important for diagnosis, treatment and probably prognosis. In this study, there was a 25% incidence of loss of renal function over 5 years in children with WHO Class IV renal histology.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Distribution
  16. Fulltext Spawning seasons of Rasbora tawarensis (Pisces: Cyprinidae) in Lake Laut Tawar, Aceh province, Indonesia
    Muchlisin ZA, Musman M, Azizah MN
    Reprod Biol Endocrinol, 2010;8:49.
    PMID: 20482777 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-8-49
    Rasbora tawarensis is an endemic freshwater fish in Lake Laut Tawar, Aceh Province, Indonesia. Unfortunately, its status is regarded as critical endangered with populations decreasing in recent years. To date no information on the spawning activities of the fish are available. Therefore, this study provides a contribution to the knowledge on reproductive biology of R. tawarensis especially on spawning seasons as well as basic information for conservation of the species.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Ratio
  17. Accurate prediction of the needle depth required for successful lumbar puncture
    Chong SY, Chong LA, Ariffin H
    Am J Emerg Med, 2010 Jun;28(5):603-6.
    PMID: 20579557 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2009.02.006
    The aim of this study is to formulate an accurate estimate of the spinal needle depth for a successful lumbar puncture in pediatric patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  18. Fulltext Patient satisfaction and loyalty to the private hospitals in Sana'a, Yemen
    Anbori A, Ghani SN, Yadav H, Daher AM, Su TT
    Int J Qual Health Care, 2010 Aug;22(4):310-5.
    PMID: 20543208 DOI: 10.1093/intqhc/mzq029
    To evaluate patients' satisfaction and loyalty to private hospitals and to identify factors influencing patient loyalty.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  19. Determinants of subjective quality of life in first-episode schizophrenia: perspective from Malaysia
    Chee KY
    Early intervention in psychiatry, 2010 May;4(2):111-8.
    PMID: 20536966 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-7893.2010.00176.x
    This study sought to examine the determinants of subjective quality of life among patients with first-episode schizophrenia in a developing country.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Characteristics
  20. Ocular burns and related injuries due to fireworks during the Aidil Fitri celebration on the East Coast of the Peninsular Malaysia
    Rashid RA, Heidary F, Hussein A, Hitam WH, Rashid RA, Ghani ZA, et al.
    Burns, 2011 Feb;37(1):170-3.
    PMID: 20576358 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2010.05.019
    This study aims to describe the epidemiology of ocular burns and related injuries due to fireworks during the Aidil Fitri celebration on the East Coast of the Peninsular Malaysia. A prospective analysis of all patients with ocular burns and related injuries due to fireworks attended three tertiary hospitals in East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia during Aidil Fitri, which was from 10 September to 17 October 2008. We observed the demographic and injury characteristics, extent of the injuries and presenting visual symptoms. Thirty patients with 34 eyes with ocular burns and related injuries were identified. Patients ranged between 2 and 43 years of age. 70.00% of the patients were 12 years old and below. Of the 30 patients, 29 (96.67%) were male and the left eye was affected in 14 (46.70%). Thermal injuries accounted for 60.0% of the injuries whereas 40.0% were due to exploding firework. Burns to the eyelid and cornea (35.29%) were the most common injuries noted. Fifteen patients (50%) were bystanders whilst a majority of patients (96.67%) had no eye protection. At presentation, 15 (44.12%) eyes had a visual acuity of 6/6 to 6/9 in the injured eyes, while 3 out of 34 eyes (8.82%) had vision acuity 6/60 or worse. In conclusion, fireworks cause serious preventable ocular burns and related injuries especially in children who are the most affected age group. It affects mainly eyelid and anterior segment structures which result in moderate visual loss on presentation. Health education, public awareness and tighter legislation are essential preventive measures to limit the effect of fireworks to the public.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Distribution
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