MyMedR

Displaying publications 801 - 820 of 1410 in total

Abstract:

Sort:

Reproductive success of two male morphs in a free-ranging population of Bornean orangutans

Tajima T, Malim TP, Inoue E

Primates, 2018 Mar;59(2):127-133.
PMID: 29387973 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-017-0648-1

The reproductive success of male primates is not always associated with dominance status. For example, even though male orangutans exhibit intra-sexual dimorphism and clear dominance relationships exist among males, previous studies have reported that both morphs are able to sire offspring. The present study aimed to compare the reproductive success of two male morphs, and to determine whether unflanged males sired offspring in a free-ranging population of Bornean orangutans, using 12 microsatellite loci to determine the paternity of eight infants. A single flanged male sired most of the offspring from parous females, and an unflanged male sired a firstborn. This is consistent with our observation that the dominant flanged male showed little interest in nulliparous females, whereas the unflanged males frequently mated with them. This suggests that the dominant flanged male monopolizes the fertilization of parous females and that unflanged males take advantage of any mating opportunities that arise in the absence of the flanged male, even though the conception probability of nulliparous females is relatively low.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Characteristics
Fulltext Study of sexual dimorphism of Malaysian crania: an important step in identification of the skeletal remains

Ibrahim A, Alias A, Nor FM, Swarhib M, Abu Bakar SN, Das S

Anat Cell Biol, 2017 Jun;50(2):86-92.
PMID: 28713610 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2017.50.2.86

Sex determination is one of the main steps in the identification of human skeletal remains. It constitutes an initial step in personal identification from the skeletal remains. The aim of the present study was to provide the population-specific sex discriminating osteometric standards to aid human identification. The present study was conducted on 87 (174 sides) slices of crania using postmortem computed tomography in 45 males and 42 females, aged between 18 and 75 years. About 22 parameters of crania were measured using Osirix software 3-D Volume Rendering. Results showed that all parameters were significantly higher in males than in females except for orbital height of the left eye by independent t test (P<0.01). By discriminant analysis, the classification accuracy was 85.1%, and by regression, the classification accuracy ranged from 78.2% to 86.2%. In conclusion, cranium can be used to distinguish between males and females in the Malaysian population. The results of the present study can be used as a forensic tool for identification of unknown crania.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Determination by Skeleton
Consequences of Elder Abuse and Neglect: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies

Yunus RM, Hairi NN, Choo WY

Trauma Violence Abuse, 2019 04;20(2):197-213.
PMID: 29333999 DOI: 10.1177/1524838017692798

This article presents the results of a systematic review of the consequences of elder abuse and neglect (EAN). A systematic search was conducted in seven electronic databases and three sources of gray literature up to January 8, 2016, supplemented by scanning of citation lists in relevant articles and contact with field experts. All observational studies investigating elder abuse as a risk factor for adverse health outcomes, mortality, and health-care utilization were included. Of 517 articles initially captured, 19 articles met our inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Two reviewers independently performed abstract screening, full-texts appraisal, and quality assessment using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Across 19 studies, methodological heterogeneity was a prominent feature; seven definitions of EAN and nine measurement tools for abuse were employed. Summary of results reveals a wide range of EAN outcomes, from premature mortality to increased health-care consumption and various forms of physical and psychological symptoms. Higher risks of mortality emerged as the most credible outcome, while the majority of morbidity outcomes originated from cross-sectional studies. Our findings suggest that there is an underrepresentation of older adults from non-Western populations and developing countries, and there is a need for more population-based prospective studies in middle- and low-income regions. Evidence gathered from this review is crucial in upgrading current practices, formulating policies, and shaping the future direction of research.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Distribution
Fulltext Epidemiological Differences Between Localized and Nonlocalized Low Back Pain

Coggon D, Ntani G, Walker-Bone K, Palmer KT, Felli VE, Harari R, et al.

Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2017 May 15;42(10):740-747.
PMID: 27820794 DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000001956

STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey with a longitudinal follow-up.
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that pain, which is localized to the low back, differs epidemiologically from that which occurs simultaneously or close in time to pain at other anatomical sites SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA.: Low back pain (LBP) often occurs in combination with other regional pain, with which it shares similar psychological and psychosocial risk factors. However, few previous epidemiological studies of LBP have distinguished pain that is confined to the low back from that which occurs as part of a wider distribution of pain.
METHODS: We analyzed data from CUPID, a cohort study that used baseline and follow-up questionnaires to collect information about musculoskeletal pain, associated disability, and potential risk factors, in 47 occupational groups (office workers, nurses, and others) from 18 countries.
RESULTS: Among 12,197 subjects at baseline, 609 (4.9%) reported localized LBP in the past month, and 3820 (31.3%) nonlocalized LBP. Nonlocalized LBP was more frequently associated with sciatica in the past month (48.1% vs. 30.0% of cases), occurred on more days in the past month and past year, was more often disabling for everyday activities (64.1% vs. 47.3% of cases), and had more frequently led to medical consultation and sickness absence from work. It was also more often persistent when participants were followed up after a mean of 14 months (65.6% vs. 54.1% of cases). In adjusted Poisson regression analyses, nonlocalized LBP was differentially associated with risk factors, particularly female sex, older age, and somatizing tendency. There were also marked differences in the relative prevalence of localized and nonlocalized LBP by occupational group.
CONCLUSION: Future epidemiological studies should distinguish where possible between pain that is limited to the low back and LBP that occurs in association with pain at other anatomical locations.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Characteristics
Fulltext Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in the Malaysian adult population: results from the national health and morbidity survey 1996

Lim TO, Morad Z, Hypertension Study Group

Singapore Med J, 2004 Jan;45(1):20-7.
PMID: 14976578

We determined the prevalence of hypertension and the level of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension among Malaysian adults in a population based cross-sectional survey. Twenty-one thousand and three hundred ninety-one adults aged 30 or older in all 13 states of Malaysia in 1996 were sampled using a stratified two-stage cluster sampling design. Thirty-three percent of adults had hypertension with a higher percentage among women. Among hypertensives, 33% were aware of their hypertension, 23% were currently on treatment and a mere 6% had controlled hypertension. There was practically no difference in mean BP between treated and untreated hypertensives. Concerted public health effort is urgently required to improve the detection, treatment and control of hypertension in Malaysia.
Study name: National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS-1996)

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Distribution
Fulltext Normative data for hand grip strength and key pinch strength, stratified by age and gender for a multiethnic Asian population

Lam NW, Goh HT, Kamaruzzaman SB, Chin AV, Poi PJ, Tan MP

Singapore Med J, 2016 Oct;57(10):578-584.
PMID: 26768064 DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2015164

INTRODUCTION: Hand strength is a good indicator of physical fitness and frailty among the elderly. However, there are no published hand strength references for Malaysians aged > 65 years. This study aimed to establish normative data for hand grip strength (HGS) and key pinch strength (KPS) for Malaysians aged ≥ 60 years, and explore the relationship between hand strength and physical ability.
METHODS: Healthy participants aged ≥ 60 years with no neurological conditions were recruited from rural and urban locations in Malaysia. HGS and KPS were measured using hand grip and key pinch dynamometers. Basic demographic data, anthropometric measures, modified Barthel Index scores and results of the Functional Reach Test (FRT), Timed Up and Go (TUG) test and Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test (JTHFT) were recorded.
RESULTS: 362 subjects aged 60-93 years were recruited. The men were significantly stronger than the women in both HGS and KPS (p < 0.001). The hand strength of the study cohort was lower than that of elderly Western populations. Significant correlations were observed between hand strength, and residential area (p < 0.001), FRT (r = 0.236, p = 0.028), TUG (r = -0.227, p = 0.009) and JTHFT (r = -0.927, p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: This study established reference ranges for the HGS and KPS of rural and urban elderly Malaysian subpopulations. These will aid the use of hand strength as a screening tool for frailty among elderly persons in Malaysia. Future studies are required to determine the modifiable factors for poor hand strength.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
Fulltext Tympanometric values in young Malay adults: preliminary data

Wahab NA, Rashid MF

Singapore Med J, 2009 Nov;50(11):1077-9.
PMID: 19960163

INTRODUCTION: The present study aimed to obtain preliminary tympanometric data of young Malay adults and to compare the results between genders.
METHODS: 96 undergraduate students (49 males and 47 females), aged 19-25 (mean and standard deviation 21.14 +/- 1.31) years, participated in this study. Otoscopic examination, pure tone audiometry, qualitative tympanogram and ipsilateral acoustic reflex were measured to ensure a clear ear canal, normal hearing and normal middle ear function, prior to tympanometric measurement. As a result, a total of 154 ears (80 ears from males and 74 ears from females) were selected for further statistical analyses. The tympanometric parameters measured were peak compensated static acoustic admittance (Peak Y(tm)), tympanometric width (TW) and equivalent ear canal volume (V(ea)).
RESULTS: The results showed that the mean Peak Y(tm), V(ea) and TW for males were 0.81 mmhos, 1.48 cubic cm and 113.67 daPa, respectively. The mean Peak Y(tm), V(ea) and TW for females were 0.63 mmhos, 1.12 cubic cm and 98.04 daPa, respectively. Males were found to have significantly higher mean V(ea) and mean Peak Y(tm) than females. However no significant gender difference was observed in the mean TW.
CONCLUSION: The current study suggests that young Malay adults may require gender-specific Peak Y(tm) and V(ea) values when implementing a quantitative approach in tympanogram interpretation.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
Fulltext The prevalence of obesity among clinical students in a Malaysian medical school

Boo NY, Chia GJ, Wong LC, Chew RM, Chong W, Loo RC

Singapore Med J, 2010 Feb;51(2):126-32.
PMID: 20358151

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity among medical students and its relationship with their dietary intake and physical activities.
METHODS:This observational study was carried out on 240 medical students during the clinical phase of their medical course in a private medical school. Their body weight and height were measured, and a standardised questionnaire was used to collect information on their physical activities and dietary intake.
RESULTS: The median body weight of the participants was 59.0 kg (interquartile range: 51.3-66.8), the mean body height was 166.1 cm (standard deviation [SD] 8.5 cm), and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 21.8 kg/m2 (SD 3.4 kg/m2). Based on the World Health Organization BMI cut-offs for the Asian population, 30.1 percent (n is equal to 72) of the students were overweight or obese, with a BMI that was equal to or greater than 23.0 kg/m2. Logistic regression analysis showed that, after controlling for various potential confounders, the only significant risk factors associated with overweight/obesity among these students were: male gender (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.1; 95 percent confidence intervals [CI] of 1.1 and 4.1; p is equal to 0.03), Malay ethnic group (adjusted OR 2.4; 95 percent CI 1.0 and 5.7; p is equal to 0.04), Indian ethnic group (adjusted OR 3.6; 95 percent CI 1.5 and 8.9; p is equal to 0.005), and the number of soft drinks consumed per week (adjusted OR 1.3; 95 percent CI 1.0 and 1.5; p is equal to 0.02). Skipping breakfast, the frequency of physical exercise per week, the number of hours of sleep per day, and eating noodles or roti canai (a type of Malaysian pancake) for breakfast were not significant risk factors.
CONCLUSION: Obesity remains a common problem among medical students in their clinical years.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
Fulltext Clinical applications of salivary cortisol measurements

Lo MS, Ng ML, Azmy BS, Khalid BA

Singapore Med J, 1992 Apr;33(2):170-3.
PMID: 1621122

The clinical applications of salivary cortisol measurements were evaluated by radioimmunoassay of time-matched saliva and plasma samples. Salivary cortisol levels of normal subjects exhibited a significant (p less than 0.001) diurnal variation with a mean (+/- SD) concentration of 8.7 +/- 4.8 nmol/L at 0800-1000 h and 2.4 +/- 1.1 nmol/l at 1500-1700 h. After an overnight dexamethasone suppression test, morning salivary cortisol levels decrease to 2.7 +/- 0.7 nmol/L (p less than 0.001 vs normal). An excellent correlation (r = 0.805) of cortisol measurements with time-matched saliva and plasma samples was obtained (y = 0.03x + 0.88, p less than 0.001, n = 91). Hypercortisolism was confirmed by raised salivary cortisols in only half of patients with elevated total plasma levels, thereby indicating that salivary cortisol measurements is a better index of adrenal status.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
Fulltext Cigarette smoking among school children in Singapore. Part I--Smoking prevalence

Emmanuel SC, Ho CK, Chen AJ

Singapore Med J, 1990 Jun;31(3):211-6.
PMID: 2392697

A cross sectional nationally representative survey of 33,110 school-going children in Singapore aged between 9 and 20 years was carried out to obtain, for the first time, baseline information on smoking among the school-going population in Singapore. The survey was carried out among students attending vocational institutes and public sector schools in Singapore in 1987. The overall smoking prevalence was found to be 2% (3% among boys and 0.2% among girls). Ex-smokers comprised 2% of respondents whilst those who had only experimented with smoking made up 9% of the respondents. Analyses of the data showed that cigarette smoking was more prevalent among Malays, among boys, among older children, and among the less academically inclined. On average, boys smoked a median of 20 cigarettes a week and girls, 12 cigarettes a week. On an international basis, the smoking prevalence among the school-going population in Singapore is significantly lower than that of developed countries like Australia, England and Wales and neighbouring countries such as Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
Fulltext The outcome of patients with acute bronchial asthma presenting to the emergency room

Yaacob I, Omar R, Mustafa WN

Singapore Med J, 1991 Jun;32(3):166-8.
PMID: 1876890

We collected data on patients above the age of 5 years with acute bronchial asthma who presented to the emergency room of Hospital Sains Universiti Sains Malaysia during the period between 1 January to 31 March 1990. Two hundred and twelve patients (57% males and 43% females) who made a total of 271 visits were recorded. This constitutes 16.3% of all adults and paediatric medical cases seen in the emergency room during this period. The majority of patients presented between 8 pm and 6 am which contrasts with the attendance pattern due to other causes. We also recorded two peak periods of presentation (between 8 pm and 12 midnight and between 6 am and 10 am). Thirty-one (11.4%) cases resulted in admission. Of the 240 cases that were successfully treated and discharged from the emergency room, there were 59 relapses (in 45 patients). Twenty-two percent of the relapses occurred within 24 hours of the last visits. We recorded lower rates of admission as well as relapses compared to all previous studies. Our finding of bimodal pattern of presentations was also not previously reported.
Study site: Emergency department, Hospital Sains Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
Fulltext Birth weight distribution, mean birth weights, and Low Birth Weights among various ethnic groups in Malaysian newborns

Yadav H

Singapore Med J, 1983 Jun;24(3):145-9.
PMID: 6635677

The birth weight distribution, mean birth weight and incidence of LBW amongst the various ethnic groups in Malaysia is described briefly. The data collected and analysed is hospital data where all deliveries in 1980 were analysed. The mean birth weight showed that the Chinese had the highest Mean Birth Weight amongst the three ethnic groups and the Indians had the lowest mean birth weights. The overall incidence of LBW was 11.8% and the Malay and Indian babies constituted the high
incidence of LBW whereas the Chinese had a low incidence of LBW babies in the study. Amongst the various ethnic groups the Indians had a higher incidence of LBW compared to the Chinese and Malays.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
Fulltext Ulcerative colitis in Malaysians: a review of 23 patients

Htut T, Kudva MV

Singapore Med J, 1989 Aug;30(4):385-7.
PMID: 2814543

Twenty-three patients with ulcerative colitis are reported from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Sixteen were newly diagnosed over a six-year period between 1982 and 1987. The disease was commoner in men (16 men : 7 women). The peak age of onset was in the third decade. The ethnic distribution of the patients was 10 Malays, eight Indians and five Chinese making the disease relatively commoner amongst Indians. The extent of colonic involvement varied and six (26%) had a total colitis. Extra-intestinal manifestations were seen in seven patients. Diagnosis was delayed for over 10 years in four. Colorectal cancer was not seen. There was no mortality. Ulcerative colitis remains an uncommon disease amongst Malaysians. During the same period, only four male patients with Crohn's colitis were seen.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
Fulltext Parasuicides in Kuala Lumpur. A descriptive study

Orr JW, Pu TN

Singapore Med J, 1985 Apr;26(2):161-70.
PMID: 4035398

This study presents the demographical characteristics of 271 cases of parasuicide seen at the Psychiatric Clinic, General Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, during 1982. The majority of cases were women in the 20 - 30 year age group, from a lower economic class, with minimal education. About one-half were single and 61.5% were actively religious. The racial breakdown was Indians 55%, Chinese 32% and Malays 13%. Self-poisoning using easily available drugs was the most common method employed and more than one-half intended to die at the time of the suicidal act. Most attempts were impulsive, carried out while alone, inside the
house. The findings are discussed and compared with earlier studies of attempted suicides in Malaysia and Singapore.

Study site: Psychiatric Clinic, General Hospital

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
Fulltext A statistical study of attempted suicides in Singapore

Chia BH, Tsoi WF

Singapore Med J, 1974 Dec;15(4):253-6.
PMID: 4458068

This is a study of 169 cases of attempted suicides who had been referred to or who had consulted a private psychiatrist. These patients were interviewed, examined and treated either as out- or in-patient in private hospitals during the years 1968-1976. Their demographic and clinical data were analysed, presented and discussed. The reasons and motivations tor the act were also obtained and summarized. In the follow-up study conducted, it was discovered that schizophrenic patients who had attempted suicide carries the highest completed suicide risk.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
Fulltext Benign thoracic cysts and tumours found in West Malaysian patients

Snelling MRJ, Teh YY

Singapore Med J, 1969 Jun;10(2):91-7.
PMID: 5820584
Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
Fulltext Trends in coronary heart disease mortality in Singapore

Emmanuel SC

Singapore Med J, 1989 Feb;30(1):17-23.
PMID: 2595383

Coronary heart disease which was responsible for 2.9% of all deaths 30 years ago, today accounts for 19% of deaths. The rising trend which declined in 1985, appears to be stabilising now. Indians have mortality rates which are 3 times that of Chinese. This is the background against which the Singapore Myocardial Infarction Register was set up in 1967 to provide incidence and prevalence data for coronary heart disease in the country. in 1987 to provide incidence and prevalence data for coronary heart disease in the country.
Key words: Coronary heart disease mortality, Age standardised death rates, Ethnic differences, Singapore Myocardial Infarction Register

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
The use of feather as an indicator for heavy metal contamination in house crow (Corvus splendens) in the Klang area, Selangor, Malaysia

Janaydeh M, Ismail A, Zulkifli SZ, Bejo MH, Aziz NA, Taneenah A

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2016 Nov;23(21):22059-22071.
PMID: 27541152

The Klang area of Peninsular Malaysia has experienced rapid industrial growth with intense activities, which can increase the concentration of pollutants in the environment that significantly impact on habitats and the human health. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of selected heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Ni, Fe, and Pb) in the heart, lung, brain, liver, kidney, muscle tissues, and feathers of house crow, Corvus splendens, in Klang, Peninsular Malaysia. House crow samples were collected from the Klang area through the Department of Public Health at Majlis Perbandaran Klang. Quantitative determination of heavy metals was carried out using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The result shows the presence of heavy metals in all biological samples of house crows. For heavy metals in all the house crow tissues analyzed, Fe concentrations were the highest, followed by those of Zn, Cu, Pb, and Ni. The feathers and kidney accumulated high concentrations of Pb, whereas the liver accumulated high concentrations of essential heavy metals (Fe > Zn > Cu > Ni). Significant variations were also detected in the concentrations of Pb among adult and juvenile and male and female bird samples. The results also revealed significant positive correlations between Pb metal concentration in the breast feathers and all internal organs. Accumulation of toxic heavy metals in feathers reflected storing and elimination processes, while the accumulation of toxic heavy metals in the kidney can be consequential to chronic exposure. The present study clearly shows the usefulness of house crow breast feather as a suitable indicator for heavy metal accumulation in the internal organs of house crows in the Klang area.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
Weight, volume and surface area of placenta of normal pregnant women and their relation to maternal and neonatal parameters in Malay, Chinese and Indian ethnic groups

Sivarao S, Vidyadaran MK, Jammal AB, Zainab S, Goh YM, Ramesh KN

Placenta, 2002 10 4;23(8-9):691-6.
PMID: 12361688

This study was conducted to determine the effect of ethnicity on maternal, placental and neonatal parameters. Maternal, placental, and the newborn parameters were corrected for gestational age. The male:female sex ratio was 1:1.03. One hundred and forty-four freshly delivered placentae from 55 Malaysian, 51 Chinese, and 38 Indian normal healthy patients were collected and standard stereological methods used to estimate the placental parameters. Pearson's correlation, Spearman's correlation and 1-way ANOVA were used to test significance of differences. Placental surface area, placental weight and placental volume of Indians were lower than Malays (P< 0.05). Placental weight correlated significantly with neonatal length (r=0.527), birthweight (r=0.665), head circumference (r=0.371) and booking weight (r=0.193) while placental volume correlated with neonatal length (r=0.588), birthweight (r=0.688), head circumference (r=0.384), parity (r=0.202) and booking weight (r=0.219) at P< 0.05. Indian babies weight and length were less than Chinese and Malay babies (P< 0.05) while booking weight of Indian mothers was less than those of Chinese mothers (P< 0.05). Even after being corrected for booking weight, placental parameters of Indian patients were still significantly less than Malays and Chinese (P< 0.05).

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Ratio
A survey of fractures in the dog and cat in Malaysia

Wong WT

Vet Rec, 1984 Sep 15;115(11):273-4.
PMID: 6495579

A survey of 61 canine and 26 feline fractures diagnosed between January 1980 and June 1983 at a veterinary teaching hospital was conducted. More than 80 per cent of the fractures occurred in animals less than two years old. Male animals were more frequently involved. In the dog, the femur, tibia, pelvis, radius and ulna were most often affected while in the cat, the femur, mandible, pelvis and spine were more often involved. All the findings were consistent with other reports in the literature.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors

Filters

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links