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Fulltext Therapeutic Potential of Standardized Extract of Melilotus indicus (L.) All. and Its Phytochemicals against Skin Cancer in Animal Model: In Vitro, In Vivo, and In Silico Studies

Bashir A, Asif M, Saadullah M, Saleem M, Khalid SH, Hussain L, et al.

ACS Omega, 2022 Jul 26;7(29):25772-25782.
PMID: 35910099 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03053

Melilotus indicus (L.) All. is known to have anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. The present study explored the in vivo skin carcinogenesis attenuating potential of ethanolic extract of M. indicus (L.) All. (Miet) in a 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced skin cancer model. The ethanolic extract of the plant was prepared by a maceration method. HPLC analysis indicated the presence of quercetin in abundance and also various other phytoconstituents. DPPH radical scavenging assay results showed moderate antioxidant potential (IC50 = 93.55 ± 5.59 μg/mL). A topical acute skin irritation study showed the nonirritant nature of Miet. Data for the skin carcinogenic model showed marked improvement in skin architecture in Miet and its primary phytochemicals (quercetin and coumarin) treated groups. Miet 50% showed comparable effects with 5-fluorouracil. Significant (p < 0.05) anticancerous effects were seen in coumarin-quercetin combination-treated animals than in single agent (coumarin and quercetin alone)-treated animals. Chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay results showed the antiangiogenic potential of Miet. Treatment with Miet significantly down-regulated the serum levels of CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) and TNF-α (Tumor necrosis factor-α). Data for the docking study indicated the binding potential of quercetin and coumarin with TNF-α, EGFR, VEGF, and BCL2 proteins. Thus, it is concluded that Miet has skin cancer attenuating potential that is proposed to be due to the synergistic actions of its bioactive molecules. Further studies to explore the effects of Miet and its bioactive molecules as an adjuvant therapy with low dose anticancer drugs are warranted, which may lead to a new area of research.
Fulltext Thin film flow in MHD third grade fluid on a vertical belt with temperature dependent viscosity

Gul T, Islam S, Shah RA, Khan I, Shafie S

PLoS One, 2014;9(6):e97552.
PMID: 24949988 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097552

In this work, we have carried out the influence of temperature dependent viscosity on thin film flow of a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) third grade fluid past a vertical belt. The governing coupled non-linear differential equations with appropriate boundary conditions are solved analytically by using Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM). In order to make comparison, the governing problem has also been solved by using Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method (OHAM). The physical characteristics of the problem have been well discussed in graphs for several parameter of interest.
Transcription profile of genes affected in response to pathological changes in drug-induced rat model of acute kidney injury

Habib R, Begum S, Alam G, Ali A, Khan I, Waseem M, et al.

Ren Fail, 2015 Aug;37(7):1225-31.
PMID: 26114661 DOI: 10.3109/0886022X.2015.1057801

The objective of the present study was to examine the changes in the expression profile of certain genes in rat model of gentamicin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) and to see whether time period and routes of administration affect their expression levels.
Fulltext Uniform magnetic force impact on water based nanofluid thermal behavior in a porous enclosure with ellipse shaped obstacle

Sheikholeslami M, Shah Z, Shafee A, Khan I, Tlili I

Sci Rep, 2019 02 04;9(1):1196.
PMID: 30718893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37964-y

In the present research, aluminum oxide- water (Al2O3-H2O) nanofluid free convection due to magnetic forces through a permeable cubic domain with ellipse shaped obstacle has been reported. Lattice Boltzmann approach is involved to depict the impacts of magnetic, buoyancy forces and permeability on nanoparticles migration. To predict properties of Al2O3- water nanofluid, Brownian motion impact has been involved. Outcomes revels that considering higher magnetic forces results in greater conduction mechanism. Permeability can enhance the temperature gradient.
Fulltext Unsteady MHD Mixed Convection Slip Flow of Casson Fluid over Nonlinearly Stretching Sheet Embedded in a Porous Medium with Chemical Reaction, Thermal Radiation, Heat Generation/Absorption and Convective Boundary Conditions

Ullah I, Bhattacharyya K, Shafie S, Khan I

PLoS One, 2016;11(10):e0165348.
PMID: 27776174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165348

Numerical results are presented for the effect of first order chemical reaction and thermal radiation on mixed convection flow of Casson fluid in the presence of magnetic field. The flow is generated due to unsteady nonlinearly stretching sheet placed inside a porous medium. Convective conditions on wall temperature and wall concentration are also employed in the investigation. The governing partial differential equations are converted to ordinary differential equations using suitable transformations and then solved numerically via Keller-box method. It is noticed that fluid velocity rises with increase in radiation parameter in the case of assisting flow and is opposite in the case of opposing fluid while radiation parameter has no effect on fluid velocity in the forced convection. It is also seen that fluid velocity and concentration enhances in the case of generative chemical reaction whereas both profiles reduces in the case of destructive chemical reaction. Further, increase in local unsteadiness parameter reduces fluid velocity, temperature and concentration. Over all the effects of physical parameters on fluid velocity, temperature and concentration distribution as well as on the wall shear stress, heat and mass transfer rates are discussed in detail.
Fulltext Unsteady MHD Thin Film Flow of an Oldroyd-B Fluid over an Oscillating Inclined Belt

Gul T, Islam S, Shah RA, Khalid A, Khan I, Shafie S

PLoS One, 2015;10(7):e0126698.
PMID: 26147287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126698

This paper studies the unsteady magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) thin film flow of an incompressible Oldroyd-B fluid over an oscillating inclined belt making a certain angle with the horizontal. The problem is modeled in terms of non-linear partial differential equations with some physical initial and boundary conditions. This problem is solved for the exact analytic solutions using two efficient techniques namely the Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method (OHAM) and Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM). Both of these solutions are presented graphically and compared. This comparison is also shown in tabular form. An excellent agreement is observed. The effects of various physical parameters on velocity have also been studied graphically.
Fulltext Unsteady boundary layer flow and heat transfer of a Casson fluid past an oscillating vertical plate with Newtonian heating

Hussanan A, Zuki Salleh M, Tahar RM, Khan I

PLoS One, 2014;9(10):e108763.
PMID: 25302782 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108763

In this paper, the heat transfer effect on the unsteady boundary layer flow of a Casson fluid past an infinite oscillating vertical plate with Newtonian heating is investigated. The governing equations are transformed to a systems of linear partial differential equations using appropriate non-dimensional variables. The resulting equations are solved analytically by using the Laplace transform method and the expressions for velocity and temperature are obtained. They satisfy all imposed initial and boundary conditions and reduce to some well-known solutions for Newtonian fluids. Numerical results for velocity, temperature, skin friction and Nusselt number are shown in various graphs and discussed for embedded flow parameters. It is found that velocity decreases as Casson parameters increases and thermal boundary layer thickness increases with increasing Newtonian heating parameter.
Fulltext Unsteady magnetohydrodynamic free convection flow of a second grade fluid in a porous medium with ramped wall temperature

Samiulhaq, Ahmad S, Vieru D, Khan I, Shafie S

PLoS One, 2014;9(5):e88766.
PMID: 24785147 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088766

Magnetic field influence on unsteady free convection flow of a second grade fluid near an infinite vertical flat plate with ramped wall temperature embedded in a porous medium is studied. It has been observed that magnitude of velocity as well as skin friction in case of ramped temperature is quite less than the isothermal temperature. Some special cases namely: (i) second grade fluid in the absence of magnetic field and porous medium and (ii) Newtonian fluid in the presence of magnetic field and porous medium, performing the same motion are obtained. Finally, the influence of various parameters is graphically shown.
Fulltext Unveiling the Performance of Cu-Water Nanofluid Flow with Melting Heat Transfer, MHD, and Thermal Radiation over a Stretching/Shrinking Sheet

Hyder A, Lim YJ, Khan I, Shafie S

ACS Omega, 2023 Aug 15;8(32):29424-29436.
PMID: 37599919 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02949

The use of melting heat transfer (MHT) and nanofluids for electronics cooling and energy storage efficiency has gained the attention of numerous researchers. This study investigates the effects of MHD, mixed convection, thermal radiation, stretching, and shrinking on the heat transfer characteristics of a Cu-water-based nanofluid over a stretching/shrinking sheet with MHT effects. The governing equations are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations and solved numerically using the Keller Box method. To the best of our knowledge, this comprehensive analysis, encompassing all of these factors, including the utilization of a robust numerical method, in a single study, has not been previously reported in the literature. Our findings demonstrate that an increase in the melting parameter leads to an enhanced rate of heat transfer, while an increase in the stretching/shrinking parameter results in a decrease in the rate of heat transfer. Additionally, we present a comprehensive analysis of the influences of all of the mentioned driving parameters. The results are presented through graphical and tabulated representations and compared with existing literature.
Fulltext Validation of the General Medication Adherence Scale in Pakistani Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis

Naqvi AA, Hassali MA, Rizvi M, Zehra A, Nisa ZU, Islam MA, et al.

Front Pharmacol, 2020;11:1039.
PMID: 32765264 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01039

Objective: The aim was to validate the Urdu version of General Medication Adherence Scale (GMAS) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis disease.
Methods: A 2-month (March-April 2019) cross-sectional study was conducted in randomly selected out-patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The sample size was calculated using item-subject ratio of 1:20. The scale was evaluated for factorial, concrete, concurrent, and known group validities. Concrete validity was established by correlating scores of EQ-5D quality of life scale and GMAS adherence score. Concurrent validity was established by correlating the GMAS adherence score with pill count. Analyses for sensitivity were also conducted. Cut-off value was determined through receiver operator curve (ROC), and test-retest method was used to analyze internal consistency and reliability. Data were analyzed through IBM SPSS, IBM AMOS, and MedCalc software. The Urdu version of EQ-5D quality of life questionnaire was used with permission from developers (#ID20884). The study was approved by an ethics committee (#NOV:15).
Results: A total of 351 responses were analyzed. The response rate was 98%. Reliability was in acceptable range, i.e., Cronbach α = 0.797. Factorial validity was established by calculation of satisfactory fit indices. Correlation coefficients for concrete and concurrent validities were ρ = 0.687, p < 0.01 and ρ = 0.779, p < 0.01, respectively. Known group validity was established as significant association of adherence score with insurance and illness duration (p < 0.05) that were reported. Sensitivity of the scale was 94%. Most patients had high adherence (N = 159, 45.3%).
Conclusion: The Urdu version of GMAS demonstrated adequate internal consistency and was validated. These results indicate that it is an appropriate tool to measure medication adherence in Pakistani patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Fulltext Viscosine as a Potent and Safe Antipyretic Agent Evaluated by Yeast-Induced Pyrexia Model and Molecular Docking Studies

Muhammad A, Khan B, Iqbal Z, Khan AZ, Khan I, Khan K, et al.

ACS Omega, 2019 Sep 03;4(10):14188-14192.
PMID: 31508540 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01041

The antipyretic potential of viscosine, a natural product isolated from the medicinal plant Dodonaea viscosa, was investigated using yeast-induced pyrexia rat model, and its structure-activity relationship was investigated through molecular docking analyses with the target enzymes cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1). The in vivo antipyretic experiments showed a progressive dose-dependent reduction in body temperatures of the hyperthermic test animals when injected with viscosine. Comparison of docking analyses with target enzymes showed strongest bonding interactions (binding energy -17.34 kcal/mol) of viscosine with the active-site pocket of mPGES-1. These findings suggest that viscosine shows antipyretic properties by reducing the concentration of prostaglandin E2 in brain through its mPGES-1 inhibitory action and make it a potential lead compound for developing effective and safer antipyretic drugs for treating fever and related pathological conditions.
Fulltext Window-Based Channel Impulse Response Prediction for Time-Varying Ultra-Wideband Channels

Al-Samman AM, Azmi MH, Rahman TA, Khan I, Hindia MN, Fattouh A

PLoS One, 2016;11(12):e0164944.
PMID: 27992445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164944

This work proposes channel impulse response (CIR) prediction for time-varying ultra-wideband (UWB) channels by exploiting the fast movement of channel taps within delay bins. Considering the sparsity of UWB channels, we introduce a window-based CIR (WB-CIR) to approximate the high temporal resolutions of UWB channels. A recursive least square (RLS) algorithm is adopted to predict the time evolution of the WB-CIR. For predicting the future WB-CIR tap of window wk, three RLS filter coefficients are computed from the observed WB-CIRs of the left wk-1, the current wk and the right wk+1 windows. The filter coefficient with the lowest RLS error is used to predict the future WB-CIR tap. To evaluate our proposed prediction method, UWB CIRs are collected through measurement campaigns in outdoor environments considering line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) scenarios. Under similar computational complexity, our proposed method provides an improvement in prediction errors of approximately 80% for LOS and 63% for NLOS scenarios compared with a conventional method.