Displaying publications 81 - 100 of 172 in total

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  1. Tetrapetalonema (Sandnema) digitata (Chandler, 1929) Chabaud & Bain, 1976, infection in the banded leaf monkey, Presbytis melalophos (Raffles) in Peninsular Malaysia
    Inder-Singh Krishnasamy M, Mak JW
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1985 Sep;16(3):512.
    PMID: 4095616
    Matched MeSH terms: Filariasis/veterinary*
  2. Cultural factors in the epidemiology of filariasis due to Brugia malayi in an endemic community in Malaysia
    Riji HM
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1983 Mar;14(1):34-9.
    PMID: 6612423
    A study was carried out to identify some of the cultural factors in the epidemiology of filariasis in an endemic community in Malaysia. The viewpoint of the community, data an responses on knowledge of illness and filariasis, host related factors, health examination, vector study were analysed and discussed. The observations noted on cultural factors were: Occupational pattern: Different agricultural occupations seemed to related to transmission in terms of body exposure. Activities not related to production of crops: Play groups in late afternoon, bathing of household members near and after sunset, congregations at prayer houses very much exposed the population to mosquito bites in different degree in terms of length of time spent outside the house. Knowledge of filariasis: Filariasis was understood in terms of elephantiasis, the chronic stage of the disease. Other signs of disease-adenolymphangitis, red lines running down one or both legs and abscess were generally recognized but not often annonated with specific disease. Attitude toward disease: Filariasis was not seen as a health problem and the idea of filarial worms was still hard to believe. Knowledge on disease causation: Biological causes were generally recognized, though the idea of bacteria was not widespread.
    Matched MeSH terms: Filariasis/epidemiology*
  3. The collaborative programme of tropical diseases research and training, Sabah
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1982 Jun;13(2):297-8.
    PMID: 7147021
    Matched MeSH terms: Filariasis/epidemiology
  4. Effectiveness of repellent/insecticidal bars against malaria and filariasis vectors in peninsular Malaysia
    Chiang GL, Tay SL, Eng KL, Chan ST
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1990 Sep;21(3):412-7.
    PMID: 1981629
    Field tests were conducted to compare the degree of protection from bites of Mansonia species and Anopheles maculatus by applying two repellent/insecticidal bars, MOSBAR and MOSKIL, to exposed arms and legs. Human test subjects were exposed to natural populations of mosquitos for an 8-hour night time period while using the repellent/insecticidal bars. MOSBAR gave good protection against the bites of Mansonia and An. maculatus. MOSKIL was effective against An. maculatus but not against Mansonia. High mortality was observed among the mosquitos collected from human test subjects treated with the repellent/insecticidal bars. Use of MOSBAR in terms of cost-effectiveness and safety by field and health workers entering into malaria and filariasis endemic areas is discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Filariasis/prevention & control*
  5. A preliminary report on the life cycle of Stephanofilaria kaeli
    Mullin SW
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1971 Mar;2(1):84.
    PMID: 5165245
    Matched MeSH terms: Filariasis/veterinary
  6. Fulltext An example of Filariasis control from West Malaysia
    Wilson T
    Bull World Health Organ, 1969;41(2):324-9.
    PMID: 5308708
    Matched MeSH terms: Filariasis/diagnosis*
  7. Fulltext A review of progress in the chemotherapy and control of filariasis since 1955
    Hawking F
    Bull World Health Organ, 1962;27:555-68.
    PMID: 13953210
    There has been little change since 1955 in the laboratory techniques for seeking new antifilarial compounds, although one valuable addition to laboratory study has been the experimental infection of cats with Brugia malayi.The chief drug for the treatment and control of filariasis-whether caused by Wuchereria bancrofti or by B. malayi-continues to be diethylcarbamazine, and the author reviews the reports recently published on its use. In India and China large-scale campaigns involving the use of this drug have been undertaken; and in Tahiti filariasis has been suppressed and almost eliminated. Campaigns on a smaller scale and pilot projects considered in this survey include those conducted in Pacific islands, Malaya, Ceylon, Brazil, Surinam and East and West Africa.It is generally agreed that the administration of diethylcarbamazine produces a great diminution in the microfilarial counts of those taking it, and in many persons both microfilariae and adult worms are eradicated. The difficulties which arise are due to toxic effects which occur in some recipients and which may adversely affect the acceptability of treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Filariasis*
  8. Fulltext Infective larvae of Cercopithifilaria spp. (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) from hard ticks (Ixodidae) recovered from the Japanese serow (Bovidae)
    Uni S, Bain O, Fujita H, Matsubayashi M, Fukuda M, Takaoka H
    Parasite, 2013;20:1.
    PMID: 23340227 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2012001
    Hard ticks taken from the Japanese serow, Capricornis crispus, in Yamagata Prefecture, Honshu, harboured infective larvae of onchocercid filariae after incubation from the 22nd to the 158th day. Haemaphysalis flava and H. japonica contained one to eight filarial larvae; females, males and a nymph of the ticks were infected. The 44 infective larvae recovered were 612-1,370 μm long, and 11 of them, 930-1,340 μm long, were studied in detail. The larvae possessed the morphologic characteristics of the larvae of the genus Cercopithifilaria, namely an oesophagus with a posterior glandular part, no buccal capsule and a long tail with three terminal lappets. Five types (A to E) of infective larvae were identified based on the morphologic characteristics. While to date five species of Cercopithifilaria have been described from the Japanese serow, a specific identification of the larvae found in this study was generally not possible. Only type E larvae could be tentatively assigned to Cercopithifilaria tumidicervicata, as they had a cervical swelling similar to that of the adults of this species. A key for the identification of the five larval types is presented. The study presents circumstantial evidences indicating that H. flava and H. japonica may transmit Cercopithifilaria spp. to Japanese serows. It also suggests the possibility that such filarial larvae will be found in hard ticks anywhere, because Cercopithifilaria is distributed worldwide, though this genus generally goes unnoticed, as its microfilariae occur in the skin, not in the blood, of host animals.
    Matched MeSH terms: Filariasis/parasitology; Filariasis/transmission; Filariasis/veterinary*
  9. Multicentre laboratory evaluation of Brugia Rapid dipstick test for detection of brugian filariasis
    Rahmah N, Shenoy RK, Nutman TB, Weiss N, Gilmour K, Maizels RM, et al.
    Trop Med Int Health, 2003 Oct;8(10):895-900.
    PMID: 14516300
    A multicentre evaluation of the Brugia Rapid dipstick test was performed using 1263 serum samples in four international laboratories, i.e. T.D. Medical College (TDMC, India), National Institutes of Health (NIH, USA), Swiss Tropical Institute (STI, Switzerland) and Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC, Netherlands). In comparison with microscopy, the dipstick demonstrated sensitivities of 97.2% (70 of 72) at TDMC, 91.6% (175 of 191) at LUMC and 100% (six of six) at STI. Sera of chronic patients showed a positivity rate of 11.3% (19 of 168) and 61.2% (71of 116) at TDMC and LUMC, respectively. All 266 sera of non-endemic normals from STI, NIH and LUMC tested negative with the dipstick. At LUMC, sera of 'endemic normals' (amicrofilaraemics with no clinical disease) from an area with approximately 35% microfilaria positivity showed 60.8% positive results (31 of 51), thus demonstrating the likelihood of many cryptic infections occurring in this population. Specificities of the test with Onchocerca volvulus sera were 98.8% (80 of 81) and 100% (10 of 10) at the NIH and STI, respectively; while specificity with Loa loa sera at the NIH was 84.6% (44 of 52). At the STI, the dipstick test also demonstrated 100% specificity when tested with 75 sera from various protozoan and helminthic infections.
    Matched MeSH terms: Filariasis/diagnosis*; Filariasis/parasitology; Filariasis/prevention & control
  10. Fulltext Morphological and molecular characteristics of Malayfilaria sofiani Uni, Mat Udin & Takaoka n. g., n. sp. (Nematoda: Filarioidea) from the common treeshrew Tupaia glis Diard & Duvaucel (Mammalia: Scandentia) in Peninsular Malaysia
    Uni S, Mat Udin AS, Agatsuma T, Saijuntha W, Junker K, Ramli R, et al.
    Parasit Vectors, 2017 Apr 20;10(1):194.
    PMID: 28427478 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2105-9
    BACKGROUND: The filarial nematodes Wuchereria bancrofti (Cobbold, 1877), Brugia malayi (Brug, 1927) and B. timori Partono, Purnomo, Dennis, Atmosoedjono, Oemijati & Cross, 1977 cause lymphatic diseases in humans in the tropics, while B. pahangi (Buckley & Edeson, 1956) infects carnivores and causes zoonotic diseases in humans in Malaysia. Wuchereria bancrofti, W. kalimantani Palmieri, Pulnomo, Dennis & Marwoto, 1980 and six out of ten Brugia spp. have been described from Australia, Southeast Asia, Sri Lanka and India. However, the origin and evolution of the species in the Wuchereria-Brugia clade remain unclear. While investigating the diversity of filarial parasites in Malaysia, we discovered an undescribed species in the common treeshrew Tupaia glis Diard & Duvaucel (Mammalia: Scandentia).

    METHODS: We examined 81 common treeshrews from 14 areas in nine states and the Federal Territory of Peninsular Malaysia for filarial parasites. Once any filariae that were found had been isolated, we examined their morphological characteristics and determined the partial sequences of their mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and 12S rRNA genes. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region were then cloned into the pGEM-T vector, and the recombinant plasmids were used as templates for sequencing.

    RESULTS: Malayfilaria sofiani Uni, Mat Udin & Takaoka, n. g., n. sp. is described based on the morphological characteristics of adults and microfilariae found in common treeshrews from Jeram Pasu, Kelantan, Malaysia. The Kimura 2-parameter distance between the cox1 gene sequences of the new species and W. bancrofti was 11.8%. Based on the three gene sequences, the new species forms a monophyletic clade with W. bancrofti and Brugia spp. The adult parasites were found in tissues surrounding the lymph nodes of the neck of common treeshrews.

    CONCLUSIONS: The newly described species appears most closely related to Wuchereria spp. and Brugia spp., but differs from these in several morphological characteristics. Molecular analyses based on the cox1 and 12S rRNA genes and the ITS1 region indicated that this species differs from both W. bancrofti and Brugia spp. at the genus level. We thus propose a new genus, Malayfilaria, along with the new species M. sofiani.

    Matched MeSH terms: Filariasis/epidemiology; Filariasis/parasitology; Filariasis/veterinary*
  11. Fulltext Tropical eosinophilia. A human model of parasitic immunopathology, with observations on serum IgE levels before and after treatment
    Neva FA, Kaplan AP, Pacheco G, Gray L, Danaraj TJ
    J Allergy Clin Immunol, 1975 Jun;55(5):422-9.
    PMID: 1138016
    The diverse clinical syndromes characterized by asthmatic symptoms, transient pulmonary infiltrates, and eosinophilia have tended to obscure the specific association of one such entity with filarial infections. Serum IgE levels were determined before and after therapy in a group of well-characterized patients with tropical eosinophilia (TE), studied earlier in Singapore. The mean serum IgE level in 14 cases before treatment with diethylcarbamazine was 2,355 ng. per milliliter, with a trend but statistically nonsignificant decrease in levels to 600-1,000 ng. occurring 8 to 12 weeks after therapy. Leukocyte and eosinophil counts showed a rapid reduction after treatment, and although mean complement-fixing (cf) titers to Dirofilarial antigen tended to decrease, they were not significantly reduced until 5 to 6 weeks. The historical development of evidence supporting the filarial etiology of TE was reviewed. Many basic questions engendered by the clinical syndrome of tropical eosinophilia make it an excellent model for study of the immunopathology of parasitic infections.
    Matched MeSH terms: Filariasis/complications; Filariasis/drug therapy; Filariasis/immunology
  12. Social and behavioral aspects of filariasis transmission in Kumpeh, Jambi, Indonesia
    Sudomo M, Kasnodiharjo, Oemijati S
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1993;24 Suppl 2:26-30.
    PMID: 7973942
    Studies on the social and behavioral aspects of filariasis transmission were conducted in the transmigration area of Kumpeh, in the province of Jambi, Sumatra, Indonesia. Three methods were used in the study namely, interview, participation observation and focus group discussion. A total of 266 respondents (136 males and 130 females) were interviewed. The results of the study showed the most of the transmigrants were not familiar with the word "filariasis". They were more used to the name of "penyakit kaki gajah" or "elephant's leg" disease or "untut". The word "untut" is similar to what people of Selangor, Malaysia call this disease. The community attitude towards control efforts against filariasis was positive, as evidenced by their readiness in being bled and their readiness to help change the environment which serves as mosquito breeding places. Usually the transmigrants live in the "ladang" or dry farming area for 3-4 months to protect their crops from damages by pests. This habit was rather negative, because in their "ladangs" they exposed themselves to high risk of mosquito bites and thus to filariasis infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Filariasis/epidemiology; Filariasis/prevention & control; Filariasis/transmission*
  13. Control of Mansonia mosquitos, vectors of brugian filariasis in Sarawak, Malaysia
    Chang MS, Chan KL, Ho BC
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1993;24 Suppl 2:93-104.
    PMID: 7973956
    Two field trials in the control of subperiodic brugian filariasis vectors, mainly Mansonia bonneae and Mansonia dives were carried out in Sarawak, East Malaysia. In the first trial, malathion ultra-low volume (ULV) spray was used to control the Mansonia mosquitos in two filariasis endemic villages. Six spray rounds were applied at biweekly intervals at Kampung Rasau and two spray rounds were applied at monthly intervals in Kampung Triboh. ULV malathion spray reduced biting Ma. bonneae population for 3 days after spraying. The biting density decreased to 50% of the pre-treatment level by the 12th - 13th day and reached the pre-treatment level by the 24th - 25th day. Contact bioassay tests on caged Mansonia mosquitos revealed considerable penetration of the malathion aerosol indoors and relatively adequate coverage outdoors. The estimated number of bites per case per day was 1.09 to 4 times less in the sprayed kampung than in an unsprayed control kampung. The parous and daily survival rates of Mansonia mosquitos were not significantly affected by the spraying. In a second trial, chemotherapy with diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC) was combined with vector control through indoor residual spraying in Kampung Ampungan. The results were compared with the use of only DEC mass treatment in Kampung Sebangkoi and Kampung Sebamban. The combined control measures in Kampung Ampungan reduced the MfD-50 to 44% of the pre-treatment level over a period of 4 years. In the other two kampungs where only mass DEC therapy was applied, the microfilarial rate and MfD-50 declined significantly in the second blood survey but increased gradually in two subsequent follow-up blood surveys. The total insecticidal impact for Ma. bonneae was 3.9 to 1 indoors and 2.7 to 1 outdoors. These results indicated that quarterly pirimiphos-methyl indoor spraying used in integrated control could reduce indoor transmission by 3.9 times. The infective rate from the Ma. bonneae dissected in all three kampungs after the interventions, irrespective of DEC treatment alone or in combination with pirimiphos-methyl residual spraying were reduced by two fold. However the infection rate of brugian filarial larvae in Kampung Ampungan was significantly reduced after the use of DEC and insecticide. Annual Transmission Potential (ATP) showed a high significant reduction in Kampung Ampungan (p > 0.001) compared with Kampungs Sebangkoi and Schambam. In Ampungan, the ATP was reduced by 8.5 times indoors after the MDA and insecticidal application and 3 times outdoors. The reduction rate for Sebangkoi and Sebamban both indoors and outdoors were less than 2 fold.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
    Matched MeSH terms: Filariasis/epidemiology; Filariasis/prevention & control*; Filariasis/transmission
  14. Fulltext Comparison of effects of mass annual and biannual single dose therapy with diethylcarbamazine for the control of Malayan filariasis
    Panicker KN, Krishnamoorthy K, Sabesan S, Prathiba J, Abidha
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1991 Sep;22(3):402-11.
    PMID: 1818392
    Annual and biannual mass single dose diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC) at 6 mg/kg body weight was administered to people in a Brugia malayi endemic area in Shertallai part of Kerala, India, in 1987 and 1988. The coverage of population ranged between 41.33% and 66.01% in different rounds. The highest percentage of treated population developing side reactions was 8.4%. Both annual and biannual regimens were effective in reducing the microfilaria prevalence significantly from 4.90% to 1.23% and from 6.27% to 0.62% respectively and the incidence of infection was minimal in the adult population and zero among children. There was significant reduction in mean microfilaria count in both annual (81.08%) and biannual (98.00%) areas. Marked reduction in the proportion of high density carriers and infectivity index of the population after DEC therapy was also observed. Beneficial effect of mass single dose DEC on clinical cases of filariasis was evident from the reduction in the prevalence of acute manifestations, recent edema cases and the proportion of chronic cases with acute episodes. Results obtained from mass treatment areas were compared with those of the control area.
    Matched MeSH terms: Filariasis/drug therapy*; Filariasis/epidemiology; Filariasis/prevention & control
  15. Clinical epidemiology of filariasis due to Brugia malayi on a rubber estate in West Malaysia
    Dondero TJ, Menon VV
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1972 Sep;3(3):355-65.
    PMID: 4652465
    Matched MeSH terms: Filariasis/blood; Filariasis/complications; Filariasis/epidemiology*
  16. Microfilaria in hydrocele fluid cytology
    Chandran PA, Jayaram G, Mahmud R, Anuar AK
    Malays J Pathol, 2004 Dec;26(2):119-23.
    PMID: 16329565
    Filariasis, a parasitic infection endemic in parts of India, Myanmar, islands of the South Pacific, West and East Africa and Saudi Arabia can be diagnosed from various types of cytopathological specimens. This case documents the detection of filarial infection from hydrocele fluid cytology in a 30-year-old Myanmar migrant worker in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Filariasis/parasitology*; Filariasis/pathology
  17. Testicular mass: do not forget filariasis
    Ho CC, Ideris N
    Infection, 2013 Aug;41(4):893-6.
    PMID: 23471824 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-013-0443-x
    Parasite infestation of the testicular tunica and spermatic cord by filariae are rarely reported and may present with few clinical signs, depending upon the stage. Occasionally, it may mimic a testicular tumor. We present a case of a 29-year-old man who presented with left testicular swelling and discomfort for 4 months. Clinical examination and imaging suggested an intrascrotal cystic lesion with a normal left testis. However, the intraoperative findings revealed a tumor-like mass; hence, a left orchidectomy was performed. However, histopathology reported a diagnosis of a cystic testicular tunica and spermatic cord with parasite infection. Here, we review the literature of scrotal and testicular parasite disease and discuss the course of the appropriate management involved.
    Matched MeSH terms: Filariasis/diagnosis*; Filariasis/pathology
  18. Fulltext Comparison of Brugia-Elisa and thick blood smear examination in a prevalence study of brugian filariasis in Setiu, Terengganu, Malaysia
    Lim BH, Rahmah N, Afifi SAB, Ramli A, Mehdi R
    Med J Malaysia, 2001 Dec;56(4):491-6.
    PMID: 12014770
    A total of 1,134 finger-pricked blood samples were collected from residents of Setiu, Terengganu. A drop of blood was used to make thick blood smear and about four drops were used for obtaining serum. The smears were stained and examined by the State Vector Control Unit in Kuala Terengganu, while the serum samples were tested for specific IgG4 antibodies to a novel recombinant antigen using Brugia-Elisa. Prevalence of filariasis in these areas were found to be 0.26% (3/1,134) using thick blood smear examination and 2.47% (28/1,134) using Brugia-Elisa, thus demonstrating the greater sensitivity of the latter test. In addtion, Brugia-Elisa showed a high level of specificity (97.8%, 1,106/1,131) when compared to thick blood smear examination.
    Matched MeSH terms: Filariasis/blood*; Filariasis/epidemiology*
  19. Chemotherapeutic effect of CGI 18041 against subperiodic Brugia malayi infection in Presbytis cristata
    Mak JW, Ngah Z, Choong MF, Navaratnam V
    Trop. Med. Parasitol., 1995 Mar;46(1):6-8.
    PMID: 7631131
    CGI 18041, an adduct of benzothiazol isothiocyanate N-methyl piperazine, was evaluated for its antifilarial properties in subperiodic Brugia malayi infected Presbytis cristata. Animals experimentally infected with 200-400 subperiodic Brugia malayi infective larvae, were matched according to microfilaria density, infective dose, and duration of infection. They were then randomly assigned to various treatment and control groups. The compound was suspended in 1% Tween 20 in distilled water, sonicated, and then fed to monkeys using a stomach tube. Control animals received an equivalent volume of drug diluent. CGI 18041 at a single oral dose of 50 mg/kg had complete adulticidal and microfilaricidal activities against subperiodic B. malayi in P. cristata. It was also extremely effective at a single dose of 25 mg/kg, the final geometric mean microfilaria count being 1.6% of initial level, and only 1.0% of the infective dose was recovered as live adult worms at autopsy 6 weeks post-treatment. In control animals, these were 226.9% and 5.56% respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Filariasis/drug therapy*; Filariasis/physiopathology
  20. Determination of a new antifilarial drug, UMF-058, and mebendazole in whole blood by high-performance liquid chromatography
    Ramanathan S, Nair NK, Mansor SM, Navaratnam V
    J. Chromatogr., 1993 Jun 02;615(2):303-7.
    PMID: 8335708
    A rapid and selective high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for simultaneous quantitative determination of a new antifilarial drug (UMF-058, I) and mebendazole (MBZ) is described. After a simple extraction from whole blood, both compounds were analysed using a C18 Nova Pak reversed-phase column and a mobile phase of methanol-0.05 M ammonium dihydrogenphosphate (50:50, v/v) adjusted to pH 4.0, with ultraviolet detection at 291 nm. The average recoveries of I and MBZ over a concentration range of 25-250 ng/ml were 92.0 +/- 7.7 and 84.4 +/- 4.4%, respectively. The minimum detectable concentrations in whole blood for I and MBZ were 7 and 6 ng/ml, respectively. This method was found to be suitable for pharmacokinetic studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Filariasis/blood; Filariasis/drug therapy
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