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Fulltext Host, pathogen and the environment: the case of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and magnesium

Tiruvayipati S, Bhassu S

Gut Pathog, 2016;8:15.
PMID: 27114742 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-016-0097-1

Macrobrachium rosenbergii is well-known as the giant freshwater prawn, and is a commercially significant source of seafood. Its production can be affected by various bacterial contaminations. Among which, the genus Vibrio shows a higher prevalence in aquatic organisms, especially M. rosenbergii, causing food-borne illnesses. Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a species of Vibrio is reported as the main causative of the early mortality syndrome. Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection in M. rosenbergii was studied previously in relation to the prawn's differentially expressed immune genes. In the current review, we will discuss the growth conditions for both V. parahaemolyticus and M. rosenbergii and highlight the role of magnesium in common, which need to be fully understood. Till date, there has not been much research on this aspect of magnesium. We postulate a model that screens a magnesium-dependent pathway which probably might take effect in connection with N-acetylglucosamine binding protein and chitin from V. parahaemolyticus and M. rosenbergii, respectively. Further studies on magnesium as an environment for V. parahaemolyticus and M. rosenbergii interaction studies will provide seafood industry with completely new strategies to employ and to avoid seafood related contaminations.

Matched MeSH terms: Foodborne Diseases
Fulltext Hemolysins and plasmid profiles of Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Vadivelu J, Puthucheary SD, Mitin A, Wan CY, van Melle B, Puthucheary JA

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1996 Mar;27(1):126-31.
PMID: 9031414

Forty clinical isolates of Vibrio parahaemolyticus were studied for the production of the thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH), and the TDH-related hemolysin (TRH) including the respective encoding genes, tdh and trh. The presence of TDH and its encoding genes were found amongst 95% of the strains, whereas the TRH was absent amongst these isolates. Thirty-two isolates were found to be plasmid-free, whereas eight isolates possessed plasmids with sizes ranging from 2.4 > or = 23 kb. Using a DNA probe coding for the homologous region of the tdh and trh, it was found that the tdh genes were present on the chromosomal DNA.

Matched MeSH terms: Foodborne Diseases/microbiology*
Fulltext Molecular quantitation and characterization of Vibrio cholerae from different seafood obtained from wetmarket and supermarket

Vengadesh, L., Son, R., Yoke-Kqueen, C.

International Food Research Journal, 2012;19(1):45-50.
MyJurnal

Vibrio cholerae still represents a significant threat to human health worldwide despite the advances in hygiene, consumer knowledge, food treatment and food processing. In Malaysia, statistics in year 2009 have shown that among the food and water borne diseases, food poisoning has the highest incidence rate of 36.17 per 100,000 populations and with a mortality rate of 0.01 per 100,000 populations. In this study, 22 seafood samples comprising of fish, squid, crustacean and mollusks purchased from wet market and supermarket were analyzed. The Most Probable Number (MPN) and real time PCR was used to enumerate the Vibrio cholerae in seafood sample. The results showed that MPN-real time PCR of the samples from wet market had a maximum of >1100 MPN/g compare to 93 MPN/g enumerated from the MPN plate. The MPN-real time PCR in the samples from supermarket indicated 290 MPN/g as compared to 240 MPN/g enumerated from the MPN plate. The standard curves showed that there was a good linear correlation between the Ct values. The minimum level of detection of Vibrio cholerae standard DNA at targeted gene was 3 x 10-5 ng/μl.

Matched MeSH terms: Foodborne Diseases
ENTEROAGGREGATIVE ESCHERICHIA COLI O104 FROM THAI AND IMPORTED MALAYSIAN RAW BEEF

Wameadesa N, Sae-lim A, Hayeebilan F, Rattanachuay P, Sukhumungoon P

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2017 Mar;48(2):338-50.
PMID: 29642296

Local Thai and imported Malaysian beef in southern Thailand area carry
several Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) serotypes. STEC O104 is an
important pathogen capable of causing outbreaks with considerable morbidity
and mortality. This study investigated the presence of E. coli O104 from local Thai
and imported Malaysian beef obtained from markets in Hat Yai City, Songkhla
Province during August 2015 - February 2016. Thirty-one E. coli O104 strains
were isolated from 12 beef samples (16% and 23% Thai and imported Malaysian,
respectively). Thirty strains possessed aggA (coding for a major component of
AAF/I fimbriae), a gene associated with enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) pathotype,
and all strains carried fimH (encoding Type 1 fimbriae). Thirty strains
belonged to phylogenetic group B1 and one strain (from Malaysian beef) to group
A. Agglutination of yeast cells was observed among 29 E. coli O104 strains. Investigation
of stx2 phage occupancy loci demonstrated that sbcB was occupied in 12
strains. Antimicrobial susceptibility assay revealed that 7 strains were resistant
to at least one antimicrobial agent and two were multi-drug resistant. One strain
carried extended spectrum β-lactamase gene blaCTX-M and three carried blaTEM. PFGE-generated DNA profiling showed identical DNA pattern between that of
one EAEC O104 strain from Thai beef and another from Malaysian beef, indicating
that these two strains originated from the same clone. This is the first report
in Thailand describing the presence of EAEC O104 from both Thai and imported
Malaysian beef and their transfer between both countries. Thorough surveillance
of this pathogen in fresh meats and vegetables should help to prevent any possible
outbreak of E. coli O104.

Matched MeSH terms: Foodborne Diseases/microbiology; Foodborne Diseases/epidemiology*
Fulltext An outbreak of typhoid from a wedding party in Bachok district, Kelantan, 2003

Wan Mansor, W.H., Hamizah, M.S., Wan Sulaili, W.S., Jeriah, I., Che Nok @ Nawi, I., Noraini, I., et al.

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2003;3(2):53-57.
MyJurnal

On March 17, 2003 the Kelantan Health Department was notihed about a possible typhoid outbreak following a wedding party. An investigation was carried out to identiy the source and recommend control measures. Active case detection, yield investigation and case»control study were conducted. Cases were symptomatic attendees with a stool or blood culture positive for Salmonella
typhii. Each control had a negative culture and denied symptoms. Of the more than 1 OOO guests, 477 experienced fever; 152 met the case definition. The party hostess was found to be an Salmonelb typhii carrier. Syrup prepared with untreated well water was identified as the most likely source for this outbreak, with an odds ratio 14.0 (95% C1: 2.9, 104.1). This was a common source
outbreak of typhoid. We recommend that all food handlers at large parties be screened for typhoid and other foodborne diseases and samples of higherisk foods should be kept for few days after each event in case they are needed for testing.

Matched MeSH terms: Foodborne Diseases
Djenkol bean poisoning (djenkolism): proposals for treatment and prevention

West CE, Perrin DD, Shaw DC, Heap GH, Soemanto

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1973 Dec;4(4):564-70.
PMID: 4274568
Matched MeSH terms: Foodborne Diseases/etiology; Foodborne Diseases/prevention & control
Fulltext Acute anuric renal failure following jering bean ingestion

Wong JS, Ong TA, Chua HH, Tan C

Asian J Surg, 2007 Jan;30(1):80-1.
PMID: 17337378

Djenkol beans or jering (Pithecellobium jeringa) is a traditional delicacy consumed by the local population in Malaysia. Jering poisoning or djenkolism is characterized by spasmodic pain, urinary obstruction and acute renal failure. The underlying pathology is an obstructive nephropathy, which is usually responsive to aggressive hydration and diuretic therapy. We present a case of djenkolism following ingestion of jering. The patient required urgent bilateral ureteric stenting following the failure of conservative therapy. Healthcare providers need to recognize djenkolism as a cause of acute renal failure and the public educated on this potential health hazard.

Matched MeSH terms: Foodborne Diseases/etiology*
Growth, bioconversion of isoflavones and probiotic properties of parent and subsequent passages of Lactobacillus upon ultraviolet radiation

Yeo SK, Liong MT

Int J Food Sci Nutr, 2012 Nov;63(7):821-31.
PMID: 22264088 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2011.652942

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation (UVB; 90 J/m²) on growth, bioconversion of isoflavones and probiotic properties of parent and subsequent passages of L. casei FTDC 2113. UV radiation significantly enhanced (P < 0.05) the growth of parent cells in mannitol-soymilk fermented at 37°C for 24 h. This had led to an enhanced intracellular and extracellular β-glucosidase activity with a subsequent increase in bioconversion of isoflavones in mannitol-soymilk (P < 0.05). UV radiation also promoted (P < 0.05) the tolerance of parent cells towards acidic condition (pH 2 and 3) and intestinal bile salts (oxgall, taurocholic and cholic acid). In addition, parent treated cells also exhibited better (P < 0.05) adhesion ability to mucin and antimicrobial activity compared to that of the control. All these positive effects of UV radiation were only prevalent in the parent cells without inheritance by first, second and third passage of cells. Although temporary, our results suggested that UV radiation could enhance the bioactive and probiotic potentials of L. casei FTDC 2113, and thus could be applied for the production of probiotic products with enhanced bioactivity.

Matched MeSH terms: Foodborne Diseases/microbiology; Foodborne Diseases/prevention & control
Fulltext Seafood poisoning symptom, treatment and prevention

Yoshida, Teruaki, Zarinah Waheed, Mohd Yusof Ibrahim, Mohammad Illzam Elahee, Shahjee Hussain, Sharifa Mariam Uma Abdullah, et al.

Borneo Journal of Marine Science and Aquaculture, 2018;2(1):64-69.
MyJurnal

Food related disease or food poisoning is prevalent worldwide and is associated with high mortality. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites, enterotoxins, mycotoxins, chemicals, histamine poisoning (scombroid) ciguatera and harmful algal bloom (HAB). Illness can also result by red tide while breathing in the aerosolized brevitoxins (i.e. PbTx or Ptychodiscus toxins). Bacterial toxin food poisoning can affect within 1-6 hours and 8-16 hours, and illness can be with or without bloody diarrhea. The common symptoms of food poisoning include abdominal cramps, vomiting and diarrhea. Diagnosis includes examination of leftover food, food preparation environment, food handlers, feces, vomitus, serum and blood. Treatment involves oral rehydration, antiemetic, and anti-peristaltic drugs. Antimicrobial agents may be needed in the treatment of shigellosis, cholera, lifesaving invasive salmonellosis and typhoid fever. Proper care in handling and cooking is important to prevent any food borne diseases.

Matched MeSH terms: Foodborne Diseases
Determination of trans- and cis-urocanic acid in relation to histamine, putrescine, and cadaverine contents in tuna (Auxis Thazard) at different storage temperatures

Zare D, Muhammad K, Bejo MH, Ghazali HM

J Food Sci, 2015 Feb;80(2):T479-83.
PMID: 25586500 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12752

Scombroid fish poisoning is usually associated with consumption of fish containing high levels of histamine. However, reports indicate that some cases have responded to antihistamine therapy while ingested histamine levels in these cases were low. Potentiation of histamine toxicity by some biogenic amines, and release of endogenous histamine by other compounds such as cis-urocanic acid (UCA) are some hypotheses that have been put forth to explain this anomaly. Very little is known about the effects of storage conditions on the production of both UCA isomers and biogenic amines in tuna. Thus, the production of trans- and cis-UCA, histamine, putrescine, and cadaverine in tuna during 15 d of storage at 0, 3, and 10 °C and 2 d storage at ambient temperature were monitored. The initial trans- and cis-UCA contents in fresh tuna were 2.90 and 1.47 mg/kg, respectively, whereas the levels of putrescine and cadaverine were less than 2 mg/kg, and histamine was not detected. The highest levels of trans- and cis-UCA were obtained during 15 d storage at 3 °C (23.74 and 21.79 mg/kg, respectively) while the highest concentrations of histamine (2796 mg/kg), putrescine (220.32 mg/kg) and cadaverine (1045.20 mg/kg) were obtained during storage at room temperature, 10 and 10 °C, respectively. Histamine content increased considerably during storage at 10 °C whereas trans- and cis-UCA contents changed slightly. The initial trans-UCA content decreased during storage at ambient temperature. Thus, unlike histamine, concentrations of trans- and cis-UCA did not result in elevated levels during storage of tuna.

Matched MeSH terms: Foodborne Diseases/pathology
Fulltext Knowledge, attitude and practices among parents regarding food poisoning: a cross-sectional study from Palestine

Zyoud S, Shalabi J, Imran K, Ayaseh L, Radwany N, Salameh R, et al.

BMC Public Health, 2019 May 16;19(1):586.
PMID: 31096949 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6955-2

BACKGROUND: Food serves as a vehicle for many pathogenic and toxigenic agents that cause food-borne diseases. Knowledge, attitude, and practices are key factors in reducing the incidence of food-borne diseases in food service areas. The main objective of this study was to evaluate knowledge, attitude, and practices related to food poisoning among parents of children in Nablus, Palestine.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in primary healthcare centers in Nablus district from May to July 2015. Data were collected using structured questionnaire interviews with parents to collect information on food safety knowledge, attitudes, and practices, alongside sociodemographic characteristics.
RESULTS: Four-hundred and twelve parents were interviewed, 92.7% were mothers. The median knowledge score was 12.0 with an interquartile range (IQR) of 11.0-14.0. The median attitude score was 11.0 with IQR of 10.0-13.0, while the median practice score was 18.0 with IQR of 16.0-19.0. Significant modest positive correlations were found between respondents' knowledge and attitude scores regarding food poisoning (r = 0.24, p

Matched MeSH terms: Foodborne Diseases/psychology*