The "golden ratio" is considered as a universal facial aesthetical standard. Researcher's opinion that deviation from golden ratio can result in development of facial abnormalities.
200 doctors are gazetted as practising in Sarawak in 1982. 88% are males and only 12% are females. Of the 200, 65.5% are Chinese and the natives of Sarawak and Indians form 15.5% each. Nearly 30% are graduates from local universities, 44% from universities in Commonwealth countries and a few from universities in other countries. The majority of the doctors are under 40 years of age. 55 % are in government service, while 45% are in the private sector. All private practices are solo practices except three-one each in Kuching, Sibu and Miri which are based on partnership. The number of doctors with specialist qualifications is not known as it is not essential for these qualifications to be entered in the Register. The doctor-to-population ratio in Sarawak has improved from 1:14000 in 1964 to 1:6856 in 1982. To reach the Ministry of Health's target of 1:2500 by 1990, a yearly recruitment of 58 doctors would be needed from 1983 to 1990. This would be feasible if either an admission quota to the local medical faculties for Sarawakians is implemented or more doctors are posted to serve in Sarawak.
The susceptibility of children to coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) and transmission of COVID-19 from children to others is a relatively unexplored area. The aim of this study was to understand the transmission dynamics of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in children. This was a retrospective observational study where a total of 19 paediatric index cases (including a set of twins) with COVID-19 and 42 primary contacts (adults-36, paediatric-6) from the immediate family members were included. All the index cases and four of the five positive contacts were asymptomatic. Despite adults staying with positive children in the same vehicle, same room in the quarantine centre and the same ward, only four of the parents became positive.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of a set of sociodemographic and habits measures on estimating periodontal disease among south Indian adults. This cross-sectional study was carried out among 288 individuals above 18 years old in Tamil Nadu, India. The outcome of the study was periodontal disease, measured by WHO criteria. The covariates were age, ethnicity, smoking and alcohol habit. The assessment of factors predicting periodontal disease was carried out by multiple logistic regression analysis using R version 3.6.1. The demographic factors like age group (AOR = 3.56; 95% CI 1.69-7.85), ethnicity (AOR = 6.07; 95% CI 2.27-18.37), non-alcoholic (AOR = 0.31; 95% CI 0.13-0.64) and non-smoking (AOR = 0.33; 95% CI 0.15-0.67) were found to be associated with the outcome. The maximum log likelihood estimate value was -30.5 and AIC was 385 for the final model, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the periodontal disease was 0.737. We can conclude that sociodemographic factors and habits were useful for predicting periodontal diseases.
Background: Although glue sniffing has been linked with significant morbidity and mortality, it is still under-researched and poorly recognized issue globally. Objective: A scoping review was performed to identify the factors and outcomes related to glue sniffing in India, Pakistan, Nepal and Bangladesh. Methods: Ten databases; Medline via Ovid, Google scholar, EBSCOhost (CINAHL Plus), ProQuest Central, PsycInfo, IndMED, Ovid Embase, Scopus, PubMed, and Science Direct were searched from their inception to January 2019 for both qualitative and quantitative studies examining any aspect of glue-sniffing. Studies published only in English language were included. Prevalence of glue-sniffing in SAARC region was the primary outcome measure. Findings: Of 8951studies screened, 344 were assessed for eligibility and 31 studies were included. The majority of the studies were conducted in India (15) and Pakistan (11). Meta-analysis of proportion, using random effects model, for both primary and secondary outcomes found that the highest incidence of glue sniffing was 57% (0.57, CI 95% 0.49-0.66) in India. The overall incidence of tobacco and naswar (snuff) as was 83% (0.83, 95% CI 0.80-0.86). Conclusions: The prevalence of glue sniffing, especially among street children, is alarmingly high and presents a challenge for health and social services for countries in SAARC region. More research work is required to examine long term impact of glue sniffing on physical and mental health.
India contributes substantially to global malaria incidents. Vector dynamics is the significant determinant of malaria risk. Hence, knowledge on the interaction between rainfall, malaria cases and malaria vector density can be very useful for controlling malaria transmission. Kalahandi was screened for malaria cases, Anopheline vector density and their temporal relationship with rainfall. Epidemiological data was obtained from National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme, Odisha, India. Three years vector population study was carried out. Rainfall data was obtained from a database maintained by the Govt. of Odisha and was analysed using Univariate ANOVA and Pearson correlation co-efficient tests using R-prog. Malaria was found to be prevalent throughout the year attaining peak between July to August and another peak in December, amidst which the clinical malaria cases being recorded implied highest incidents in the month of July. The results estimated the seasonality of the population of An. culicifacies, An. fluviatilis and An. annularis over the region and determined the influence of rainfall on the vector population dynamics. Simple linear regression analysis suggested that at one month lag monthly rainfall (P=0.0007) was a significant meteorological factor. Rainfall seemed to be one of the best malaria predictors because of its positive correlation with proliferation of malaria cases in conjunction with An. culicifacies density making malaria a serious health issue in Kalahandi.
A 61 year old Indian man presented with clinical depression after a longstanding of “head heaviness”. Looking through the literatures, there is scant information on the subjective complaint of “a heavy head” despite it being a very common encounter at many primary care clinics. We feel that this is an unusual presentation of the symptom as it was very dramatic, to the extent that the patient was overly preoccupied with his head heaviness and subsequently became depressed. Here we undertake to present the case of a man who became clinically depressed due to his “heavy head”.
A review of 20 cases of neuroblastoma at the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur from 1967 to 1980 reveals six infants aged 2 to 13 months with stage IV·S disease, associated with an unusually good prognosis. Four of the six patients presented with hepatomegaly, one had skin nodules and another paresis of the lower limbs. The primary tumour was located infra-diaphragmatically in all cases, four had disease in the bone marrow but none had radiological evidence of bone involvement. Although not systematic, with limited treatment of low dose radiation and mild chemotherapy, four patients are alive and well, one absconded and one died of septicaemia. It is important to define this special category as an unexpectedly good survival is possible with minimal therapy. Death is more likely to result from over-zealous treatment than from the disease itself.
Sickle cell disease (SCD) in pregnancy is uncommon in Malaysia. We present a case of sickle cell disease in pregnancy with maternal and fetal complications. The patient presented with acute pain crisis and hemolysis in the third trimester. Despite thromboprophylaxis, she developed deep vein thrombosis. The pregnancy was further complicated by severe pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction which require preterm caesarean section. The baby was admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit due to prematurity and low birth weight. Multidisciplinary
approach in managing pregnant patient with SCD is essential in achieving good obstetrics outcome.
Keywords: anemia, sickle cell disease, pregnancy outcomes