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The Effects and Action Mechanisms of Phytoestrogens on Vasomotor Symptoms During Menopausal Transition: Thermoregulatory Mechanism

Hairi HA, Shuid AN, Ibrahim N', Jamal JA, Mohamed N, Mohamed IN

Curr Drug Targets, 2019;20(2):192-200.

PMID: 28814228 DOI: 10.2174/1389450118666170816123740

BACKGROUND: Phytoestrogens have recently been claimed to positively influence menopausal discomforts, including hot flashes. However, little is known about the influence of phytoestrogens on core body temperature during oestrogen fluctuation at menopause.

OBJECTIVE: Previously published findings showed that phytoestrogens could relieve menopausal complaints, thus, the present review was aimed at assessing the effects of phytoestrogens on thermoregulatory mechanism during menopausal transition.

RESULTS: The molecular mechanisms underlying hot flashes are complex. Oestrogen fluctuations cause hypothalamic thermoregulatory centre dysfunction, which leads to hot flashes during menopause. The phytoestrogens of interest, in relation to human health, include isoflavones, lignans, coumestans, and stilbenes, which are widely distributed in nature. The phytoestrogens are capable of reducing hot flashes via their oestrogen-like hormone actions. The potential effects of phytoestrogens on hot flashes and their molecular mechanisms of action on thermoregulatory centre are discussed in this review.

CONCLUSION: The effects of phytoestrogens on these mechanisms may help explain their beneficial effects in alleviating hot flashes and other menopausal discomforts.

Matched MeSH terms: Menopause/drug effects*

The age of menopause and the menopause transition in a multiracial population: a nation-wide Singapore study

Loh FH, Khin LW, Saw SM, Lee JJ, Gu K

Maturitas, 2005 Nov-Dec;52(3-4):169-80.

PMID: 16257608

To describe the prevalence of menopausal symptoms, define the mean age of menopause, and determine contributory factors, which influence the experience of symptoms among Singaporean women of different racial groups.

Matched MeSH terms: Menopause/ethnology*; Menopause/physiology*

Fulltext The effects of Tualang honey on female reproductive organs, tibia bone and hormonal profile in ovariectomised rats--animal model for menopause

Zaid SS, Sulaiman SA, Sirajudeen KN, Othman NH

BMC Complement Altern Med, 2010;10:82.

PMID: 21194469 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-10-82

Honey is a highly nutritional natural product that has been widely used in folk medicine for a number of therapeutic purposes. We evaluated whether Malaysian Tualang honey (AgroMas, Malaysia) was effective in reducing menopausal syndrome in ovariectomised female rats; an animal model for menopause.

Matched MeSH terms: Menopause/drug effects*

The male climacteric

Galloway D

Malayan Medical Journal, 1933;8:129-33.

Matched MeSH terms: Menopause

The menopausal experience among indigenous women of Sarawak, Malaysia

Syed Alwi SA, Lee PY, Awi I, Mallik PS, Md Haizal MN

Climacteric, 2009 Dec;12(6):548-56.

PMID: 19905907 DOI: 10.3109/13697130902919519

OBJECTIVES:
To document the common menopausal symptoms and quality of life in indigenous women of Sarawak in Malaysia.

METHODS:
A face-to-face interview using the Menopause-specific Quality of Life questionnaire was conducted with 276 indigenous Sarawakian women aged 40-65 years to determine the mean age of menopause and common symptoms (divided into vasomotor, psychosocial, physical and sexual domains) associated with menopause.

RESULTS:
The mean age at menopause of postmenopausal women was 50.78 +/- 2.47 years (range 47.3-58.2 years). The most common symptoms reported were aching in muscles and joints (82.6%), lack of energy (77.5%) and low backache (77.2%). The typical menopausal symptoms of hot flushes, night sweats, sweating and vaginal dryness were experienced by 42.4%, 34.8%, 29.7% and 49.3%, respectively of the women studied. Perimenopausal women (n = 114) experienced the most physical and psychosocial symptoms, while postmenopausal women (n = 102) experienced most sexual symptoms. Perimenopausal and postmenopausal women were reported to suffer more than premenopausal women (p < 0.001) within the four domains of symptoms (vasomotor, psychosocial, physical and sexual).

CONCLUSIONS:
The menopausal symptoms in this study correspond to those in other studies on Asian women but the prevalence of typical and classical menopausal symptoms was lower compared to studies on Caucasian women. The perimenopausal women had the most significant decrease in quality of life, followed by postmenopausal women and premenopausal women. Vasomotor symptoms had a predominant influence on the quality of life.

Matched MeSH terms: Menopause/physiology*; Menopause/psychology; Postmenopause/physiology; Postmenopause/psychology

The ovaries at abdominal hysterectomy-conservation or removal?

Ong HC

Med J Malaysia, 1975 Sep;30(1):48-51.

PMID: 1207532

Matched MeSH terms: Menopause

The postmenopausal woman - is therapy necessary?

Khalid AK

Family Practitioner, 1988;11:59-62.

Matched MeSH terms: Menopause

The prevalence of symptoms in menopausal women in the Far East: Singapore segment

McCarthy T

Maturitas, 1994 Oct;19(3):199-204.

PMID: 7799826

Questionnaires (4000) on experience of menopausal symptoms in Singaporean women aged 40-55 were distributed by students. In total, 524 envelopes were returned (13.1%) and of these 420 were analyzed. Of these, 366 were classified as either pre-, peri- or postmenopausal on the basis of their menstrual patterns. Menopausal symptoms in this sample of Singaporean women were, in general, similar to those experienced in the West though the prevalence was low compared to European studies. No significant differences in individual symptoms were found between the 3 groups but, taken together, symptoms were significantly highest in the perimenopausal and lowest in the other menopausal groups. In the postmenopausal group 50% had been menopausal for at least 1 year at 50.5 years.

Matched MeSH terms: Menopause/ethnology

Translation and validation of menopause quick 6 (MQ6) into the Malay language

Manoharan A, Harris MM, Chin BH, Ming KW, Asmuee Z, Salamon N, et al.

BMC Prim Care, 2024 Mar 22;25(1):95.

PMID: 38519908 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-024-02342-3

BACKGROUND: Inquiring conservative Asian women about their menopausal symptoms is often challenging in crowded primary healthcare clinics. Furthermore, the subject matter is culturally sensitive to most Malaysian women. Hence, the translation of MQ6 into Malay is crucial to enable self-administration, eliminating the necessity for interviewers and mitigating potential respondent shyness.

METHODS: The Menopause Quick 6 (MQ6) questionnaire was translated into the Malay language with an addition of an item, henceforth termed MQ6 (M). Forward and backward translation was performed. Face and content validity were conducted. MQ6 (M) was self-administered to 400 women aged between 40 and 60 attending six primary healthcare clinics in Malaysia. To ascertain the reliability for MQ6 (M), corrected Item-Total Correlation, Squared Multiple Correlation, Cronbach's Alpha if the Item is Deleted, and Kuder-Richardson Reliability Coefficients (KR20). Exploratory factor analysis was done to determine its' construct validity.

RESULTS: The outcome of the validation was satisfactory. By the Lawshe method, the content validity ratios ranged from 0.6 to 1.0 and the content validity index was 0.914. The Internal consistency for MQ6(M) Cronbach's alpha was 0.711 while Kuder-Richardson Reliability Coefficients KR20 was 0.676. Factor loading of all four items is above 0.70, indicating a well-defined structure. Whereas factor loading for three items fell within the range of 0.50-0.69 indicating a practically significant threshold for a new questionnaire.

CONCLUSION: MQ6 (M) has acceptable reliability and construct validity to be considered as a self-administered screening tool in primary care clinics in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Menopause*

Use of Alternative Medications for Menopause-Related Symptoms in Three Major Ethnic Groups of Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia

Ohn Mar S, Malhi F, Syed Rahim SH, Chua CT, Sidhu SS, Sandheep S

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2015 Nov;27(8 Suppl):19S-25S.

PMID: 25972428 DOI: 10.1177/1010539515586457

This cross-sectional study investigated the use of alternative medications to alleviate menopause-related symptoms among Malay, Chinese, and Indian women of Ipoh city. The prevalence, types, effectiveness, and associated factors were determined. The prevalence of alternative medication use was 41.4%. Evening primrose oil (EPO) was the most popular medication used (18.1%), followed by soy-based products (12.3%), green tea (6.8%), and gingko (5.8%). The medication was reported to be highly effective by 58.3% of soya bean diet users and 41.1% of EPO users. Significant variables associated with the use were Chinese or Indian ethnicity (P < .001), age between 50 and 54 years (P < .01), lower self-health rating (P < .05), education level of diploma or professional degree (P < .05), employment as professionals or entrepreneurs (P < .05), and the use of hormone replacement therapy (P < .05). Regression analysis showed that Chinese and Indians had significantly higher odds for the use than Malays (Chinese: odds ratio [OR] = 4.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.392-7.837; Indians: OR = 3.248, 95% CI = 1.586-6.654).

Matched MeSH terms: Menopause/ethnology*

Fulltext Variations of serum prolactin levels in Malay women from premenarche to the postmenopause

Rajikin MH, Satgunasingam N

Med J Malaysia, 1984 Jun;39(2):135-8.

PMID: 6513852

A double-antibody radioimmunoassay technique has been used to investigate the serum prolactin (hPRL) level in Malay females from premenarche to the postmenopause. The results showed that the hPRL level (mena ± SEM) in the premenarchal, postmenarchal and late pubertal/reproductive subjects were 23.6 ± 2.3, 19.1 ± 2.0 and 22.7 ± 1.9 ng/ml respectively. In premenopausal women, hPRL level (11.8 ± 2.4 ng/ml) was significantly reduced (p < 0.01) compared to that of late pubertal group; the level declined even further after menopause (9.5 ± 1.7 ng/ml). Although the difference in the mean prolactin levels between premenopause and postmenopause were not significant, 73% of the postmenopausal women had serum prolactin concentrations below 10 ng/ml compared to 44% of the premenopausal and 10% in late pubertal group.

Matched MeSH terms: Menopause*

Vasomotor symptoms in menopause: modifying the unmodifiable

Lim QH, Lim LL

BJOG, 2021 02;128(3):614.

PMID: 32772498 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.16428

Matched MeSH terms: Menopause*

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