Displaying publications 81 - 100 of 159 in total

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  1. Female immigrants and labor in colonial Malaya: 1860-1947
    Lee SM
    Int Migr Rev, 1989;23(2):309-31.
    PMID: 12315959
    "The role of Chinese and Indian women as immigrants and workers in colonial Malaya is examined using data from censuses, immigration records, official reports and secondary sources. The article discusses the main types of work of female immigrants and their contribution to the economic development of colonial Malaya during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in an attempt to redress the neglect of female immigrants' economic role in Malaya's history. Comparisons between male and female immigrants' labor and between Chinese and Indian immigrants, are drawn to highlight the different conditions of migration and labor for the different groups of immigrants."
    Matched MeSH terms: Transients and Migrants*
  2. Migration and fertility in Malaysia: a tale of two hypotheses
    Bach RL
    Int Migr Rev, 1981;15(3):502-21.
    PMID: 12337653
    Matched MeSH terms: Transients and Migrants*
  3. Transitional society, health status and international migration of Muslim villagers in the lower part of southern Thailand
    Chongsuvivatwong V, Mo-Suwan L, Mahahing P
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1990 Sep;21(3):442-6.
    PMID: 2075485
    A survey was carried out in a Malay-speaking Muslim community in southern Thailand to obtain baseline data for planning of long term multidisciplinary research and development. By using a 30-cluster sampling technique, 210 households of 1,308 subjects were studied in the post-Ramadan period. It was found that the community was in a social transition. The crude birth rate was 4% and 37.6% of the households had at least one migrant. About half of these migrants had been to Malaysia and mainly worked in rubber plantations. Ninety-five per cent of the households had electricity whereas only 23.8% had a latrine. Boiled or rain water was regularly drunk in only 13.3 per cent of the households. Home-grown agricultural products were not sufficient to provide adequate food. Twenty-six per cent of the adults were unemployed and 24.6% were illiterate. Of the pregnancies 26.7% had no antenatal care and complete tetanus toxoid was given to only 27.8%. Traditional birth attendants conducted 81.1% of the deliveries and only 28.9 and 24.4% of the umbilical cords were correctly cut and correctly dressed, respectively. Breast feeding was still a common (87.8%) practice. However, complete immunization was given to only 10.8%, and 37.8% of the infants had at least one diarrheal episode in the previous month. It was concluded that high birth rate, high migration, low education, low income and bad health of infants are major problems. These problems were interlinked and needed a special multidisciplinary approach. In addition to common obstacles for routine health delivery, migration may create international complications, particularly related to maternal and child care.
    Matched MeSH terms: Transients and Migrants*
  4. The unwelcome guests: Indonesian immigrants and Malaysian public responses
    Kassim A
    Tonan Ajia Kenkyu, 1987 Sep;25(2):265-78.
    PMID: 12157842
    Matched MeSH terms: Transients and Migrants*
  5. Knocking at the door: Asian immigration to Australia
    Hugo G
    Asian Pac Migr J, 1992;1(1):100-44.
    PMID: 12317236
    "This paper assesses the level and composition of contemporary Asian immigration to Australia and explores its processes and impacts. The final reversal of the White Australia Policy in the 1970s opened the door to substantial increases in Asian immigration, particularly from Vietnam, Malaysia, the Philippines, China, India and Hong Kong." Aspects considered include migrant categories, age, sex, and social and economic adaptation to Australia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Transients and Migrants*
  6. Urban squatting and migration in Peninsular Malaysia
    Johnstone M
    Int Migr Rev, 1983;17(2):291-322.
    PMID: 12339134
    "This article examines some of the links between the phenomena of urban migration and squatter settlements in the Third World city. This will be done by demonstrating that both are outcomes of fundamental social and political forces that have operated on these societies. Migration and squatting are placed in a context of the historical processes that led to the uneven development of Malaysia. The article offers some explanation for the origin of the inequalities observed in spatial structures--in this case urban housing--by focusing on one of the contributory factors, namely migration."
    Matched MeSH terms: Transients and Migrants*
  7. A global perspective on foreign contract labor
    Smart JE, Casco RR
    Asian Migr, 1998 Jan-Feb;1(1):8-12.
    PMID: 12281042
    Matched MeSH terms: Transients and Migrants*
  8. Muslim refugees in Southeast Asia, the Malaysian response
    Dorall RF
    Asian Migr, 1988 May-Jun;1(3):88-93.
    PMID: 12281348
    This article surveys the arrivals of Muslim refugees from countries in Southeast Asia who have not only come to Malaysia for political refuge, but who have also stayed on, in many instances integrating into the local Muslim community. The author concludes that Burmese, Thai, and Filipino Muslim refugee-cum-migrants, and the estimated 500,000 illegal Indonesian migrant workers in East and Peninsular Malaysia make the presence of economic migrants in Malaysia's towns and rural sectors a far more pressing concern to Malaysians than that posed by the arrival of genuine political refugees. Only the Indonesians present in Malaysia are consistently termed by all parties as illegal migrants and some of them have been subjected to well-publicized deportation by the Malaysian immigration authorities. Sympathy for fellow-Muslims in distress explains Malaysia's open-door policy to Muslim refugees. The Koran specifically enjoins Muslims to assist Muslim refugees who have been persecuted by others. However, the necessity to maintain regional political and military alliances, principally as a bulwark against Communism, and the Malay--Non-Malay, Muslim--Non-Muslim dichotomy in Malaysia which almost evenly divides Malaysia's 16 million population into mutually antagonistic halves, results in any overt public policy in favor of Malays and Muslims to be immediately denounced by the other half of the population as a move against the Non-Malays and Non-Muslims. Without political and media attention, the refugees live wherever they can find work, as do hundreds of thousands of mainly Indonesian illegal migrant workers. They surreptitiously get their children admitted to public schools, and through bribery, can even get Malaysian identification papers. Malaysia is a relatively tranquil haven for Malaysia's Muslim refugees compared to their homelands, but their continued stay remains dependent on the ever-present struggle for more equitable sharing of political and economic power between the different ethnic groups in Malaysia. At present, it is deemed inopportune to discuss publicly the issue of Muslim refugees in Malaysia. To do so would be to invite strong emotional responses from Malaysian Muslim groups objecting to refugee repatriation to what they see as continued persecution in Southeast Asia's non-Muslim countries, and from non-Muslim Malaysians who see in their continued presence a possible long-term demographic threat. Furthermore, the presence of Muslim evacuees granted refugee status brings painful memories as to why non-Muslim refugees principally from Indochina were denied such a similar privilege.
    Matched MeSH terms: Transients and Migrants*
  9. Small-town migration to metropolitan centres: a case in Peninsular Malaysia
    Lee Boon Thong
    Dev Forum, 1979 Dec;9(2):51-60.
    PMID: 12336533
    Matched MeSH terms: Transients and Migrants*
  10. Entamoeba infections and associated risk factors among migrant workers in Peninsular Malaysia
    Sahimin N, Yunus MH, Douadi B, Yvonne Lim AL, Noordin R, Behnke JM, et al.
    Trop Biomed, 2019 Dec 01;36(4):1014-1026.
    PMID: 33597471
    The influx of low skilled migrant workers to Malaysia from low socio-economic countries where gastrointestinal parasitic infections are prevalent has raised concerns about transmission to the local population. Three methods for detection (serology, microscopy and molecular techniques) were utilized to identify Entamoeba infections amongst the targeted cohort and determine risk factors associated with infection. Serological screening of 484 migrant workers from five working sectors in Peninsular Malaysia using IgG4 ELISA based on the rPPDK antigen showed an overall seroprevalence of 7.4% (n = 36; CL95 = 5.3-10.1%) with only one factor statistically associated with seropositivity of anti-amoebic antibodies, i.e. years of residence in Malaysia (χ2 1 = 4.007, p = 0.045). Microscopic examination of 388 faecal samples for protozoan cysts and trophozoites showed a slightly higher prevalence (11.6%; n=45; CL95: 8.4-14.8%). Meanwhile, amplification of the 16S rDNA gene detected two species i.e. Entamoeba dispar (23/388; 5.9%; CL95: 3.6-8.3%) and E. histolytica (11/388; 2.8%; CL95: 1.2-4.5%) and mixed infections with both parasites in only three samples (3/388; 0.8%; CL95: 0.2-2.2%). Entamoeba dispar infection was significantly associated with those employed in food and domestic services (χ2 4 = 12.879, p = 0.012). However, none of the factors affected the prevalence of E. histolytica infection. Despite the low prevalence of E. histolytica in faecal samples of the study cohort, the presence of this pathogenic parasite still poses potential public health risks and calls for tighter control strategies based on better availability of chemotherapeutic treatment and accessibility to appropriate health education.
    Matched MeSH terms: Transients and Migrants*
  11. Fulltext Undocumented: An examination of legal identity and education provision for children in Malaysia
    Loganathan T, Chan ZX, Hassan F, Ong ZL, Majid HA
    PLoS One, 2022;17(2):e0263404.
    PMID: 35108343 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263404
    Education is a fundamental human right. Yet there remain gaps in our understanding of undocumented children in Malaysia and their vulnerabilities in education access. This study aims to describe and contextualise undocumented children in Malaysia and their access to education. We conducted a desk review and in-depth interviews with 33 key stakeholders from June 2020 to March 2021. Framework analysis was conducted. Salient themes were geographical location and legal identity in terms of citizenship and migration status. We found that the lack of legal identity and non-recognition by the State was the root cause of vulnerability, experienced uniformly by undocumented populations in Malaysia. Only undocumented children with Malaysian parents or guardians can enter public schools under the Malaysian government's 'Zero Reject Policy'. Most undocumented and non-citizen children must rely on informal education provided by alternative or community learning centres that typically lack standardised curricula, resources, and accreditation for education progression beyond primary levels. Nevertheless, as non-citizen groups are diverse, certain groups experience more privilege, while others are more disadvantaged in terms of the quality of informal education and the highest level of education accessible. In Peninsular Malaysia, a very small proportion of refugees and asylum-seekers may additionally access tertiary education on scholarships. In Sabah, children of Indonesian migrant workers have access to learning centres with academic accreditation supported by employers in plantations and the Indonesian Consulate, whereas Filipino migrants who were initially recognised as refugees are now receiving little government or embassy support. Stateless Rohingya refugees in Peninsular Malaysia and Bajau Laut children at Sabah are arguably the most marginalised and have the poorest educational opportunities at basic literacy and numeracy levels, despite the latter receiving minimal governmental education support. Implementing a rights-based approach towards education would mean allowing all children equal opportunity to access and thrive in high-quality schools.
    Matched MeSH terms: Transients and Migrants/education*
  12. Prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in a sample of migrant workers in the manufacturing industry in Malaysia
    Santos A, Ramos HM, Ramasamy G, Fernandes C
    Public Health, 2014 Aug;128(8):759-61.
    PMID: 25115577 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2014.04.003
    Matched MeSH terms: Transients and Migrants/statistics & numerical data*
  13. Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis among migrant workers from different Asian countries working in Malaysia
    Chan BT, Amal RN, Hayati MI, Kino H, Anisah N, Norhayati M, et al.
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 2008 Jan;39(1):9-13.
    PMID: 18567437
    A serologic study of Toxoplasma antibodies among 501 foreign migrant workers in Malaysia was conducted in a plantation and detention camp. The highest prevalence rate of 46.2% was among Nepalese workers. Statistical analysis indicated the IgG positivity rate among local residents was significantly higher than the migrants studied (p < 0.05). The IgM positivity rate showed no significant difference between the two groups (p > 0.05). No significant difference in the prevalence rate was noted between the migrants and the local workers when grouped by agricultural and non-agricultural occupations (p > 0.05). The continuous introduction of these infections may influence the epidemiology and further compromise efforts in control and prevention. It is therefore important to monitor of non-notifiable diseases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Transients and Migrants*
  14. Fulltext Pre-employment medical examination of migrant workers--the ethical and legal issues
    Jayakumar G
    Med J Malaysia, 2006 Dec;61(5):516-8.
    PMID: 17623949
    Matched MeSH terms: Transients and Migrants/legislation & jurisprudence*
  15. Fulltext Psychological morbidities among Nepalese migrant workers to Gulf and Malaysia
    Sharma A, Adhikari R, Parajuli E, Buda M, Raut J, Gautam E, et al.
    PLoS One, 2023;18(11):e0267784.
    PMID: 37939081 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267784
    BACKGROUND: One of the important aftereffects of rapid global development is international mobility, which has placed the health of migrant workers as a key public health issue. A less-developed country, Nepal, with political instability and a significant lack of employment, could not remain untouched by this phenomenon of migration. Our goal was to identify and determine the predictors of anxiety, depression, and psychological wellbeing among Nepalese migrant workers in Gulf countries (United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Oman, Kuwait, Bahrain) and Malaysia.

    METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was used to collect information from 502 Nepalese migrant workers in the arrival section of Tribhuvan International Airport from May to June 2019 using purposive sampling. Workers with a minimum work experience of 6 months and above were included in the study. A structured questionnaire with socio-demographic items was used along with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and WHO (five) wellbeing scale for measuring the subjective psychological wellbeing and screening for depression.

    RESULTS: The mean age of the respondents was 32.97 years. Majority (41.8%) of the respondents had work experience in Qatar and 63.7% had work experience of 1-5 years. The results suggested that 14.4% had mild to severe depression while 4.4% had a moderate level of anxiety. The WHO5 wellbeing index score suggested that 14.1% of the respondents had a score below 13, which is suggestive of poor psychological wellbeing. Further, the country of work (p = 0.043), sleeping hours (p = 0.001), occupation (p = 0.044), working hours (p = 0.000), water intake (p = 0.010) and anxiety level (p = 0.000) were found to be significantly associated with depression score. Similarly, sleeping hours (p = 0.022), occupation (p = 0.016), working hours (p = 0.000), water intake (p = 0.010), and anxiety level (0.000) were significantly associated with the WHO5 wellbeing score.

    CONCLUSIONS: Nepalese migrant workers in the Gulf countries (United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Oman, Kuwait, Bahrain) and Malaysia bear an important burden of psychological morbidities. This highlights the need to prioritize the migrant worker's mental health by Nepal as well as Gulf countries and Malaysia.

    Matched MeSH terms: Transients and Migrants*
  16. Public Health Services for Foreign Workers in Malaysia
    Noh NA, Wahab HA, Bakar Ah SH, Islam MR
    Soc Work Public Health, 2016 Aug-Sep;31(5):419-30.
    PMID: 27177326 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2015.1125321
    The objective of this study was to know the status of the foreign workers' access to public health services in Malaysia based on their utilization pattern. The utilization pattern covered a number of areas, such as frequency of using health services, status of using health services, choice and types of health institutions, and cost of health treatment. The study was conducted on six government hospitals in the Klang Valley area in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Data were collected from 600 foreign patients working in the country, using an interview method with a structured questionnaire. The results showed that the foreign workers' access to public health services was very low. The findings would be an important guideline to formulate an effective health service policy for the foreign workers in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Transients and Migrants*
  17. Fulltext Caecal Perforation from Primary Intestinal Tuberculosis in Pregnancy
    Lwin S, Lau Lee Jing N, Suharjono H, Kipli MB, Moe Nwe T, San Yi M, et al.
    Case Rep Gastrointest Med, 2017;2017:2173724.
    PMID: 28912984 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2173724
    The incidence of tuberculosis (TB) is rising worldwide, despite the efficacy of the BCG vaccination. Populations at greatest risk of contracting TB are migrant communities, as well as immunocompromised individuals. The diagnosis of extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) can often present as a diagnostic conundrum, due to its nonspecific and varied presentation, often mimicking inflammatory bowel disease or malignancy. We present a case of caecal TB in pregnancy, which resulted in caecal perforation, a right hemicolectomy, and severe preterm delivery. The aim of this case report is to discuss the diagnosis of extrapulmonary TB, as well as its subsequent management in pregnancy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Transients and Migrants
  18. Fulltext Barriers in obtaining primary health care services from public clinics by non-citizen labors in Malaysia
    Maryam Sohrabi, Ahmad Farid Osman, Makmor Tumin
    Malaysian Journal of Medical Research, 2018;2(1):52-60.
    MyJurnal
    Non-citizen labors in the country have been found to face difficulties in accessing healthcare services. The study seeks to investigate the existence of barriers in accessing primary healthcare services by non-citizen labors in Malaysia. This study was conducted on 323 non-citizen labors residing in the urban areas of Malaysia, particularly of Johor Bahru and Klang Valley from May to September 2017. Relevant information regarding the personal barriers (language, preference for physician's gender, difficulty taking leave from work), structural barriers (availability of public clinic in residential area, travel time to the public clinic,physician's knowledge and skill) and financial barriers (insurance coverage, fear of losing daily income,transportation costs) on using primary healthcare services at public clinics were obtained. The result of the analysis revealed that the barriers cited by non-citizens to seek primary healthcare in Malaysia were lack of medical insurance protection (75.1%), non-availability of a public clinic in the residential area (38.7%), not receiving the needed or wanted services (21.3%), long travel time to the nearest public clinic (17.3%), language (10.2% of respondents), negative perception about the doctors' knowledge and skills (9.9%), difficulty taking leave (7.8%), fear of losing daily income (7.7%), high transportation cost (3.7%) and different doctor gender preference (2.5%). Therefore, barriers to access healthcare services among noncitizens exist in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Transients and Migrants
  19. Fulltext Occupational, physical, sexual and mental health and violence among migrant and trafficked commercial fishers and seafarers from the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS): systematic review
    Pocock NS, Nguyen LH, Lucero-Prisno Iii DE, Zimmerman C, Oram S
    Glob Health Res Policy, 2018;3:28.
    PMID: 30288452 DOI: 10.1186/s41256-018-0083-x
    Background: Little is known about the health of GMS commercial fishers and seafarers, many of whom are migrants and some trafficked. This systematic review summarizes evidence on occupational, physical, sexual and mental health and violence among GMS commercial fishers/seafarers.

    Methods: We searched 5 electronic databases and purposively searched grey literature. Quantitative or qualitative studies reporting prevalence or risk of relevant outcomes were included. Two reviewers independently screened articles. Data were extracted on nationality and long/short-haul fishing where available.

    Results: We identified 33 eligible papers from 27 studies. Trafficked fishers/seafarers were included in n=12/13 grey literature and n=1/20 peer-reviewed papers. Among peer-reviewed papers: 11 focused on HIV/AIDS/sexual health; nine on occupational/physical health; one study included mental health of trafficked fishers. Violence was quantitatively measured in eight papers with prevalence of: 11-26% in port convenience samples; 68-100% in post-trafficking service samples. Commercial fishers/seafarers whether trafficked or not worked extremely long hours; trafficked long-haul fishers had very limited access to care following injuries or illness. Lesser-known risks reported among fishers included penile oil injections and beriberi. We found just one work safety intervention study and inconclusive evidence for differences in the outcomes by nationality. Findings are limited by methodological weaknesses of primary studies.

    Conclusion: Results show an absence of high-quality epidemiological studies beyond sexual health. Formative and pilot intervention research on occupational, physical and mental health among GMS commercial fishers and seafarers is needed. Future studies should include questions about violence and exploitation. Ethical and reporting standards of grey literature should be improved.

    Trial Registration: Review registration number: PROSPERO 2014: CRD42014009656.
    Matched MeSH terms: Transients and Migrants
  20. Cutaneous immune reaction: its usefulness in the evaluation of small-pox immunity in dark races
    Doraisingham M
    Journal of the Malaya Branch of the British Medical Association, 1940;4:314-18.
    1. Observations made on groups of light and dark skinned individuals indicate that the percentage of dark skinned people who can be recognized as immune by their reaction to vaccination is considerably lower than in the case of people with a lesser skin pigmentation.
    2. It is suggested that the reading of "immune reaction" is influenced considerably by the intensity of skin pigment found in the individual.
    3. It would appear that while the usefulness of immune reaction readings in light-skinned peope is very great, its value is limited when applied to those with dark skins.
    Matched MeSH terms: Transients and Migrants
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