Displaying publications 81 - 100 of 146 in total

Abstract:
Sort:
  1. Fulltext Nano-cellulose biopolymer based nano-biofilm biomaterial using plant biomass: An innovative plant biomaterial dataset
    Sharif Hossain ABM, Uddin MM, Fawzi M, Veettil VN
    Data Brief, 2018 Apr;17:1245-1252.
    PMID: 29845096 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.02.053
    The nano-cellulose derived nano-biofilm keeps a magnificent role in medical, biomedical, bioengineering and pharmaceutical industries. Plant biomaterial is naturally organic and biodegradable. This study has been highlighted as one of the strategy introducing biomass based nano-bioplastic (nanobiofilm) to solve dependency on petroleum and environment pollution because of non-degradable plastic. The data study was carried out to investigate the nano-biopolymer (nanocellulose) based nano-biofilm data from corn leaf biomass coming after bioprocess technology without chemicals. Corn leaf biomass was used to produce biodegradable nano-bioplastic for medical and biomedical and other industrial uses. Data on water absorption, odor, pH, cellulose content, shape and firmness, color coating and tensile strength test have been exhibited under standardization of ASTM (American standard for testing and materials). Moreover, the chemical elements of nanobiofilm like K+, CO3--, Cl-, Na+ showed standard data using the EN (166).
    Matched MeSH terms: Zea mays
  2. Fulltext Nano-cellulose based nano-coating biomaterial dataset using corn leaf biomass: An innovative biodegradable plant biomaterial
    Sharif Hossain ABM, Uddin MM, Veettil VN, Fawzi M
    Data Brief, 2018 Apr;17:162-168.
    PMID: 29877503 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2017.12.046
    The nanocellulose derived biodegradable plant biomaterial as nano-coating can be used in the medical, biomedical cosmetics, and bioengineering products. Bio-plastic and some synthetic derived materials are edible and naturally biodegradable. The study was conducted to investigate edible nano-biopolymer based nano-coating of capsules and drugs or other definite biomedical materials from corn leaf biomass. Corn leaf biomass was used as an innovative sample to produce edible nano-coating bioplastic for drug and capsule coating and other industrial uses. The data show the negligible water 0.01% absorbed by bio-plastic nanocoating. Odor represented by burning test was under the completely standard based on ASTM. Moreover, data on color coating, tensile strength, pH, cellulose content have been shown under standard value of ASTM (American standard for testing and materials) standard. In addition to that data on the chemical element test like K+,


    CO


    3


    -
    -


    , Cl-, Na+ exhibited positive data compared to the synthetic plastic in the laboratory using the EN (166)) standardization. Therefore, it can be concluded that both organic (cellulose and starch) based edible nano-coating bioplastic may be used for drug and capsule coating as biomedical and medical components in the pharmaceutical industries.
    Matched MeSH terms: Zea mays
  3. Fulltext Rheological studies on the effect of different thickeners in texture-modified chicken rendang for individuals with dysphagia
    Abu Zarim N, Zainul Abidin S, Ariffin F
    J Food Sci Technol, 2018 Nov;55(11):4522-4529.
    PMID: 30333649 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3386-5
    Texture-modified food has become an important strategy in managing dysphagia. Pureed food is proven to be the safest texture due to its high viscosity which can slow down the rate of the food bolus during swallowing. In this study, texture-modified chicken rendang was developed according to Texture C (smooth puree) as described by the Australian standard for texture-modified food. Samples were added with five different thickeners (sago starch, tapioca starch, modified corn starch, xanthan gum and carboxymethyl cellulose gum) at three different concentrations (10, 20 and 30% w/w). Their rheological effects were analyzed through dynamic and steady shear test. Results obtained reveals that samples contained xanthan gum have higher structure rigidity and shear thinning behaviour, while carboxymethyl cellulose gum provides the highest viscosity as well as yield stress than other samples. In terms of concentration, a strong dependence of structural rigidity and viscosity of all prepared samples with amount of thickeners added was observed. Overall, based on its rheological properties, the addition of carboxymethyl cellulose gum at 30% concentration was found to be the most suitable thickener, to be incorporated in the texture-modified chicken rendang. Selecting a suitable food thickener in developing food for individual with dysphagia plays an important role to ensure the right texture and consistency for their safe consumption.
    Matched MeSH terms: Zea mays
  4. Fulltext Preservation of phytase enzyme produced by anaerobic rumen bacteria, Mitsuokella jalaludinii
    Tang, Hooi Chia, Sieo, Chin Chin, Ho, Yin Wan, Norhani Abdullah, Chong, Chun Wie
    Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2017;5(1):13-17.
    MyJurnal
    Poultry feed consists of feed ingredients like soybean meal and corn, which contain high levels of
    phytate that is poorly utilised especially by the monogastric animals that lack of phytase. Hence,
    phytase has been extensively applied as a feed supplement in poultry production due to the
    efficiency of this enzyme in improving phosphorous (P) availability, thus reducing P excretion to
    the environment as well as reducing the feed cost by reducing inorganic P supplementation.
    Mitsuokella jalaludinii, an obligate anaerobe, Gram-negative rumen bacterium, produces high
    phytase activity. Birds supplemented with bacterial preparation of M. jalaludinii showed
    comparable performance to that of commercial phytase. However, the anaerobic nature of this
    bacterium renders difficulty in the use of live cells as feed supplement in commercial poultry
    production. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine a suitable method to preserve
    phytase activity of M. jalaludinii regardless of cells viability. Mitsuokella jalaludinii was grown
    in MF medium under anaerobic condition and the cells were subjected to various treatments to
    preserve the enzyme, including bead beating, compressed air, moist heat, dry heat and freezedrying
    under aerobic condition. The results showed that the total number of viable cells were
    significantly (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Zea mays
  5. The potential of Commelina bengalensis, Amaranthus hybridus, Zea mays for phytoremediation of heavy metals from contaminated soils
    Kimenyu P, Oyaro N, Chacha J, Tsanuo M
    Sains Malaysiana, 2009;38.
    Population in urban centers in Kenya is increasing rapidly due to rural urban migration in search of better paying jobs. This migration has resulted in unauthorized settlements in the various urban centers. The income per capital of these people is less than a dollar a day. The amount of money is inadequate for survival and this has resulted into cultivating on open grounds for food crops. Unfortunately, these slums have come up along rivers, which carry, wastewater from household and industries. This wastewater is rich in heavy metals and the inhabitants of these areas use this contaminated water for irrigating their crops. The food crops from such areas have very high levels of heavy metals. The present study has screened Zea mays, Commelina bengalensis and Amaranthus hybridus for their ability to bioaccumulate these metals from contaminated soils using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The results obtained showed that the C. bengalensis has high potential for removal of Cu, Pb and Cd metals as compared to the Zea mays and Amaranthus hybridus even though, results showed that C. bengalensis has a low potential for the removal of Zn as compared to Zea mays and Amaranthus hybridus.
    Matched MeSH terms: Zea mays
  6. Determination of Aflatoxins B1 and B2 in Peanuts and Corn Based Products
    Loh SH, Nur Iryani Mohd Yusof, How ML
    Sains Malaysiana, 2010;39.
    A method for the determination of aflatoxins B1 and B2 in peanuts and corn based products is described. The samples were extracted with a mixture of acetonitrile-water (84:16), followed by multifunctional clean-up and liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Both calibration curves showed good correlation from 4.0 to 32.0 ppb for aflatoxin B1 (r=0.9999) and 1.2 to 9.6 ppb for aflatoxin B2 (r=0.9997). The detection limit of aflatoxins B1 and B2 were established at 0.1 and 0.03 ppb, respectively, based on signal-to-noise ratio of 3:1. Average recoveries for the determination of aflatoxins B1 and B2 at 10 and 3 ppb spiking levels, respectively ranged from 94.2 to 107.6%. A total of 20 peanut samples and corn based products were obtained from retail shop and local market around Kuala Terengganu and analyzed for aflatoxins B1 and B2 contents, using the proposed method. Aflatoxins B1 and B2 were detected in 5 out of the 9 peanuts samples and 5 out of the 11 corn based products, at levels ranging from 0.2 to 101.8 ppb.
    Matched MeSH terms: Zea mays
  7. Frying quality of virgin coconut oil as affected by Zea mays extract
    Marina A, Wan Rosli WI, Neoh S
    Sains Malaysiana, 2014;43:1311-1315.
    The effect of corn silk or Zea mays extract on the physicochemical changes of virgin coconut oil was studied during three consecutive days of deep frying. There were three types of oil blend systems used: virgin coconut oil without antioxidant as control system; virgin coconut oil with butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) as synthetic antioxidant and virgin coconut oil with Zea mays extract as natural antioxidant. The oil quality was assessed by measuring the colour, viscosity, peroxide, p-anisidine, free fatty acids, totox and iodine value. The results show that Zea mays extract delayed the oil deterioration. The Zea mays extract significantly (p<0.05) lowered the rate of oxidation in virgin coconut oil compared to control oil and was comparable to BHT. Zea mays extract did not change the sensory profiles of French fries which was shown by insignificant difference (p<0.05) between Zea mays and control fries for all sensory attributes (colour, taste, aroma, crispiness, oiliness and overall quality). In general, the Zea may extract was capable of extending the stability and quality of virgin coconut oil and therefore has potential as new source of natural antioxidant for use in deep frying.
    Matched MeSH terms: Zea mays
  8. Yield potential of spring wheat influenced by crop residue, tillage system and nitrogen rate on irrigated land
    Asad Shah, Mohammad Akmal, Mohammad Jamal Khan, Mohammad Arif
    Sains Malaysiana, 2014;43:1811-1819.
    Yield performance in wheat (Triticum aestivum) was compared under crop residue, tillage system and nitrogen rate treatments in cereal based cropping system. The experiments were conducted at Agronomy Research Farm, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, in 2009-2010 and 2010-2011. Chopped crop residue on dry matter basis (5 t ha1-) of legume (Vigna unguicuata, var. Ebney) and cereal (Zea mays, var. Azam) was applied in main plots with no residue treatments and plowed with Mould Board (MB) and Cultivator as deep and shallow treatments, respectively. A month after the crop residue and tillage system treatments, field was uniformly plowed with cultivator and wheat was sown with drill in rows 25 cm apart in the month of November on both years. Both P2O55 and K2O (80 and 40 kg ha , respectively) were applied uniformly to all fields before sowing. Nitrogen as subplot treatment (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg ha-1) was applied in two splits, half at 15 and the other half at 45 days after sowing with uniform cultural practices for crop growth and development. Compared to year 1, crop of year 2 showed better phenology with extended life cycle (LC). On two years average across tillage and N treatments, biological yield did not change (p<0.05) under the residue but did report lower at no-residue treatment. Nonetheless, grain yield showed a significant (p<0.05) change with the highest in legume followed by cereal and the lowest in no-residue treatments. A non-significant tiller number and significant variations in grain weight and spike m-2 were observed that influenced the grain and biological yield differently. Deep than shallow tillage resulted in better traits, which returned better biomass and grain yield. Nitrogen application from control to every increment showed a significant (p<0.05) improvement in all observations contributing in yield. The study confirms the significance of legume vs. cereal over no-crop residue incorporated through deep tillage system with optimum N (120 kg ha-1) in cereal-based cropping system for sustainable performance to sustain soil C:N for future production.
    Matched MeSH terms: Zea mays
  9. Differential response of Zea mays L. in relation to weed control and different macronutrient combinations
    Khan M, Kakar S, Marwat K, Khan I
    Sains Malaysiana, 2013;42:1395-1401.
    Time of weed control and fertilizer application usually decide the profitability of crop production. The effects of weed control and macronutrients on maize crop were investigated. The study was undertaken in March 2009, using a RCBD design with split plot arrangements. The experimental set up was established at the Agricultural University Peshawar and seedbeds were prepared with the proper moisture regime. Maize was planted with one plot left weed free for first six weeks while another infested with weed. The combinations of macronutrients used were nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen-phosphorus, nitrogen-potassium, phosphorus-potassium and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium. Control (no fertilizer) was included for comparison. The observations revealed that when a comparison was made between the application of fertilizers and weed control, the latter proved more important because weed infested plots had no harvestable maize plants. The role of main nutrients in crop production is well known and cannot be left aside, however weed infestation does not provide us a fair choice of fertilizers application. The maximum maize grain yield was recorded under nitrogen-phosphorus combination and promising results were obtained. The weeds and maize benefited equally in terms of fresh and dry weed biomass with an application of fertilizer in particular N singly or together with P. In view of this, application of fertilizer should be changed from broadcast to band and/or placement. In general, a positive interaction was seen between N and P promoting the growth of maize and weeds. It can be said that herbicide application for weed control is important because of the fact that hand weeding is not economical, difficult, time consuming because of perennial weeds and hot weather conditions in the month of June.
    Matched MeSH terms: Zea mays
  10. Nutritional composition of selected commercial biscuits in Malaysia
    Norhayati M, Mohd Fairulnizal M, Aswir A, Ang J, Mohd Naeem M, Suraiami M, et al.
    Sains Malaysiana, 2015;44:581-591.
    The objective of this study was to determine the nutrient composition of selected commercial biscuits in Malaysia. A total
    of six brands from each type of biscuit (chocolate chip, corn, cracker with sugar, vegetable flavoured cracker, cream
    filled, oatmeal, shortbread and fully coated chocolate wafer) and five brands of wholemeal crackers were sampled
    from local supermarkets in the Klang Valley. The total energy content in commercial biscuits was ranging from 453.30
    to 499.25 kcal/100 g. Carbohydrate was the major macronutrient in commercial biscuits ranging from 56.86 to 66.07
    g/100 g. The highest protein content was found in the wholemeal crackers (9.92 g/100 g) and the lowest protein content
    was found in the cream filled biscuits (5.65 g/100 g). Fat content lay in the range of 16.89 to 25.75 g/100 g. The major
    minerals detected in biscuits were sodium, followed by calcium and magnesium. The vitamin content in A and E of the
    biscuits examined was almost comparable. Small quantities of trans fatty acids were detected in all biscuits in the range
    of 0.02 to 0.68 g/100 g. These findings indicate that Malaysian commercial biscuits are a good source of carbohydrate
    (34.12-39.64 g per serving), calcium (26.09-384.67 g per serving), magnesium (10.42-37.24 g per serving) and contain
    low proportion of trans fatty acids (0.01-0.41 g per serving).
    Matched MeSH terms: Zea mays
  11. Health risks assessment diagnosis of toxic chemicals (heavy metals) via food crops consumption irrigated with wastewater
    Khan MA, Mehmood S, Ullah F, Khattak A, Zeb MA
    Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:917-924.
    The present study investigated the concentration of metals in commonly grown vegetables (Luffa acutangula L., Zea mays L., Solanum melongena L.) irrigated with waste water in District Bannu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The pH (5.80) and electrical conductivity (13 dS/m) of waste water indicated the acidic nature that is not suitable for irrigation purposes. Soil and vegetables samples were analyzed for metals concentration through flame atomic absorption spectrometry (Varian FAAS-240). The findings showed that waste water irrigated soil was highly contaminated with Cd (4.62 mg/kg) which was above permissible limits set by European Union Standard (EU 2006, 2002). The concentrations of heavy metals such as Cr and Cd in vegetables were higher than the permissible limits set by World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization U.S.A guidelines 2001. The health hazard quotient (HQ) of waste water irrigated vegetables was observed higher for Ni (0.699-0.1029 mg/kg), (0.0456-0.1040 mg/kg), (0.731-0.0994 mg/kg) in Luffa acutangula, Solanum melongena and Zea mays, respectively. The study concluded that the consumption of commonly grown vegetables in waste water zone of the study area may pose potential health threats in local population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Zea mays
  12. Characterization of fusarium proliferatum and fusarium verticillioides based on species-specific gene and microsatellites analysis
    Najihah A, Nur Ain Izzati M, Yong S, Nik Mohd Izham M
    Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:2425-2432.
    Fusarium species are known to cause various diseases on plantations including fruits and vegetables. The most common Fusarium that can cause plant diseases are Fusarium proliferatum and Fusarium verticillioides. Ear rot disease on maize, wilt disease on cucurbits and fruit rot disease on tomato as well as banana are example of diseases caused by these two species. The objectives of this study were to identify F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides based on species-specific primers and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and to evaluate the genetic diversity of both species based on microsatellite markers. Fifty isolates of Fusarium species that were previously collected throughout Malaysia from different hosts were identified by using species-specific PCR amplification. Twenty-nine isolates were identified as F. proliferatum and 21 isolates were identified as F. verticillioides based on species-specific primer. The genetic diversity of all the fungal isolates was evaluated by using microsatellite analysis with six established primers. Five out of six primers amplified polymorphic bands with the most effective primer showing high polymorphism were (AG)7C and (TCC)5 meanwhile one primer (TTTC)4 gave negative result with no band amplified. The phylogenetic tree that was constructed showing two different clades distinguished between F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides.
    Matched MeSH terms: Zea mays
  13. Profiling of anti-oxidative enzymes and lipid peroxidation in leaves of salt tolerant and salt sensitive maize hybrids under nac1 and cd stress
    Ghulam Hasan Abbasi, Javaid Akhtar, Muhammad Anwar-ul-haq, Moazzam Jamil, Shafaqat Ali, Rafiq Ahmad, et al.
    Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:177-184.
    Effects of NaCl salinity and cadmium on the anti-oxidative activity of enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR) and lipid peroxidation contents; malondialdehyde (MDA) were studied in two maize hybrids of different salt tolerance characteristics. An increase in the amount of lipid peroxidation indicated the oxidative stress induced by NaCl and Cd. The results also depicted that NaCl stress caused an increase in the activities of POD, SOD, CAT, APX and GR while cadmium stress increased the activities of POD, SOD and APX but showed no significant effect on CAT and GR in both the studied hybrids. The combined effect of salinity and cadmium on these parameters was higher than that of sole effect of either NaCl or Cd. It was also found that maize hybrid 26204 had better tolerance against both stresses with strong antioxidant system as compared to that of maize hybrid 8441. A comparison of the antioxidants and lipid peroxidation in two maize hybrids having varying level of NaCl and Cd stress tolerance corroborated the importance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in defense against abiotic stresses.
    Matched MeSH terms: Zea mays
  14. Jatropha curcas leaves mulch effect on seedling emergence and growth of maize (zea mays)
    Irshad M, Ullah F, Mehmood S, Khan AU
    Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:1013-1018.
    Allelopathy is a process in which one plant species may usefully or adversely affect the growth of other plant species
    through the production of allelochemicals. During the present investigation, mulch effect of Jatropha curcas leaves was
    evaluated on seed germination and seedling growth of maize varieties viz. Pioneer (V1), Azam (V2) and Jalal (V3). Mulch
    was applied at 1 and 2 tons/hectare. Phenolic compounds were detected in Jatropha curcas leaf (131.15 mg gallic acid
    eq./gm extract). Mulch applied at 2 tons/hectare significantly reduced seed germination (%), germination index, relative
    water content, root width and seedling dry weight. From the findings of the present investigation, it was inferred that
    Jatropha curcas leaves exhibited phytotoxic effects on maize at high concentrations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Zea mays
  15. Identification of drought tolerant maize genotypes and seedling based morpho-physiological selection indices for crop improvement
    Fahad Masoud Wattoo, Rashid Mehmood Rana, Sajid Fiaz, Syed Adeel Zafar, Mehmood Ali Noor, Shoaib ur Rehman, et al.
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:295-302.
    Maize is an imperative grain crop used as a staple food in several countries around the world. Water deficiency is a serious
    problem limiting its growing area and production. Identification of drought tolerant maize germplasm is comparatively
    easy and sustainable approach to combat this issue. Present research was conducted to evaluate 50 maize genotypes
    for drought tolerance at early growth stage. Drought tolerance was assessed on the basis of several morphological
    and physiological parameters. Analysis of variance showed significant variation among the tested maize genotypes for
    recorded parameters. Principal component analysis revealed important morpho-physiological traits that were playing
    key role in drought tolerance. Correlation studies depicted significant positive correlation among the attributes such as
    fresh shoot length (FSL), fresh root length (FRL), dry shoot weight (DSW), dry root weight (DRW), relative water contents
    (RWC) and total dry matter (TDM) while a strongly negative correlation was observed among RWC and excised leaf
    water loss. Results concluded that the parameters fresh shoot weight, fresh root weight, FRL, DRW, TDM, cell membrane
    thermo stability (CMT) and RWC can be useful for rapid screening of maize germplasm for drought tolerance at early
    growth stages. Furthermore, the genotypes 6, 16, 18, 40, 45 and 50 can be used as a drought tolerant check in breeding
    programs. Moreover, biplot analysis along with other indices was proved to be a useful approach for rapid and cost
    efficient screening of large number of genotypes against drought stress condition.
    Matched MeSH terms: Zea mays
  16. Chabrolene, a novel norditerpene from the bornean soft coral nephthea sp.
    Takahiro Ishii, Takashi Kamada, Chin-soon Phan, Charles S. Vairappan
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:319-322.
    Soft corals are often the research interest organism due to their structural diverse secondary metabolites with wide
    spectrum of biological activities range from antibacterial to anticancer potentials. The Borneo Island is rich in diversity
    of marine organisms including soft coral. Therefore, a population of Bornean soft coral belongs to genus Nephthea
    was collected from Mantanani Island (Sabah, Malaysia) which led to the isolation of a novel norditerpene, chabrolene
    (1) together with three known compounds (2-4). The chemical structure of 1 was determined by NMR and HREIMS data.
    Compound 1 exhibited repellent activity against the maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais.
    Matched MeSH terms: Zea mays
  17. Influence of treated palm oil mill effluent sludge on maize (zea mays) growth performance and gas exchange
    Mohd Nizar K, Abd Jamil Z, Isharudin M, Hazandy A
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:961-969.
    The presence of abundant oil palm residues in Malaysia prompted the need to utilize this waste to avoid environmental
    pollution. This waste was abundant at the oil palm mill and accounted for almost 50% of production. The study was
    conducted to determine the morphological effect of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) sludge on the maize growth performance
    and gas exchange. Physicochemical, growth morphology and gas exchange was measured after treated with POME sludge
    from different treatment pond systems: Mixing, anaerobic, facultative, algae and dumping. The results indicated the
    pH, C, and CEC of mixing the < anaerobic < facultative < algae < dumping ponds. There was a significant presence of
    macronutrient (N, Mg, Ca, Fe, S) in the treated POME sludge, contrary to the presence of heavy metal (Cd, Cu, Ni and
    Pb) elements which were not significantly different in all the treatments and lower than WHO/FAO standard. Root Shoot
    Ratio (RSR) and Specific Leaf Area (SLA) indicated significant difference in biomass accumulation and yield compared to
    the control. The gas exchange variable was a significant difference on stomata conductivity (Gs) and transpiration rate
    (E). However, the POME sludge from the facultative, algae and dumping ponds showed positive correlations between net
    photosynthesis, stomata conductivity and transpiration rate. Indeed, the increased transpiration rate (E) was correlated
    with stomata conductance (Gs) after treatment with anaerobic, facultative, algae and dumping ponds. In conclusion, the
    POME sludge amendment was able to increase the maize biomass and yield.
    Matched MeSH terms: Zea mays
  18. Optimization of metabolite extraction protocols for untargeted metabolite profiling of mycoparasitic scytalidium parasiticum using lc-tof-ms
    Lim CK, Nurul Fadhilah Marzuki, Goh YK, You KG, Kah JG, Rafidah Ahmad, et al.
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:3061-3068.
    Basal stem rot disease of oil palm caused by Ganoderma boninense is one of the most devastating diseases in oil palm
    plantation resulting in low yield, loss of palm stands and shorter replanting cycle. To-date, there is no effective treatment
    for Ganoderma infected palms. Control measures, either chemical or cultural approaches, show varying degrees of
    effectiveness. The application of biological control agents which is environmental-friendly could be an attractive solution
    to overcome the problem. Earlier, we had isolated a mycoparasite, Scytalidium parasiticum, from the basidiomata of
    Ganoderma boninense. In vitro assay and nursery experiment showed that this fungus could suppress Ganoderma infection
    and reduce disease severity. However, metabolites which might contribute to the antagonistic or mycoparasitic effect
    remain unknown. In the current study, optimization of fungal sample processing, extraction, and analytical procedures
    were conducted to obtain metabolites from the maize substrate colonized by mycoparasitic ascomycetous Scytalidium
    parasiticum. This technique capable of producing sexual spores in sac-like organs. Untargeted metabolomics profiling
    was carried out by using Liquid Chromatography Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (LC-ToF-MS). We found that
    S. parasiticum in both liquid- and solid-state cultivation gave higher metabolite when extracted with 60% methanol with
    1% formic acid in combination with homogenisation methods such as ultrasonication and grinding. The findings from
    this study are useful for optimisation of metabolite extraction from other fungi-Ganoderma-plant interactions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Zea mays
  19. Fulltext Effects of Corn Supplementation into PKC-Urea Treated Rice Straw Basal Diet on Hematological, Biochemical Indices and Serum Mineral Level in Lambs
    Saeed OA, Sazili AQ, Akit H, Alimon AR, Samsudin AA
    Animals (Basel), 2019 Oct 11;9(10).
    PMID: 31614434 DOI: 10.3390/ani9100781
    Twenty-seven Dorper lambs were used to determine the effect of supplementing corn as a source of energy into the palm kernel cake (PKC) urea-treated rice straw basal diet on the blood metabolic profile and metals in lambs. The lambs were randomly allotted to three experimental treatments according to their initial body weight for a 120 day trial. Dietary treatments were: T1 (control diet) = 75.3% of PKC + 0% corn, T2 = 70.3% of PKC + 5% corn, and T3 = 65.3% of PKC + 10% corn. The results of this study indicated that copper (Cu), selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) concentration intake, retention, and its absorption from the gut and apparent mineral digestibility were highly significant for the levels of corn supplementation. The biochemical and hematological parameters remained within normal levels with the treatments, but the white blood cell, eosinophil count, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) were significantly higher in T3. Treatment 3 significantly increased the concentration of Se and Fe, while Zn was reduced in the blood serum of lambs on day 120. The result shows that the inclusion of corn has no effect on the hematological and biochemical parameters of lambs after incorporating corn into the PKC-based diet at 5% and 10%.
    Matched MeSH terms: Zea mays
  20. Fulltext Effects of corn supplementation on meat quality and fatty acid composition of Dorper lambs fed PKC-Urea treated rice straw
    Saeed OA, Sazili AQ, Akit H, Ebrahimi M, Alimon AR, Samsudin AA
    BMC Vet Res, 2019 Jul 08;15(1):233.
    PMID: 31286932 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1976-8
    BACKGROUND: The increasing costs of feed has subsequently increased the costs of production of livestock, thereby decreasing the profit margin of this sector. The utilization of agro-industrial by-products has to some extent substitute some of the corn grains and soyabean meal, commonly used in animal feeds. In Malaysia, palm kernel cake (PKC) is a by-product of the oil palm industry and is frequently used to supply both crude protein (14-16% CP) and energy (11 MJ/kg) in ruminants. The energy and protein content are adequate for maintenance in the majority of ruminants. However, highly available energy supplementation is known to improve growth performance and protein deposition. This study was carried out to determine the effect on the quality of meat and fatty acid composition of the semitendinosus (ST), supraspinatus (SS), and longissimus lumborum (LL) muscles of Dorper lambs by including corn as an energy source in a basal diet of PKC urea-treated rice straw.

    RESULTS: The results show that the LL muscle-drip loss was greater in animals supplemented with 5% corn compared to the other groups. Higher pH values of SS and LL muscles were observed in animals supplemented with 5 and 10% corn. Furthermore, the L* value of ST muscle was increased in lambs fed on 5% corn while, reduced in those fed on 0% corn, but the a* and b* values were not significantly different in the treatment groups. The fatty acid composition of the SS muscles showed that lambs fed on 10% corn had higher levels of sum PUFA n-3 compared to those fed on 0% corn. The concentration of C18:1trans11 and CLA c12 t10 in ST muscle from the lambs fed on supplemented diets were higher than those of the controls.

    CONCLUSION: This study has concluded the supplementation of corn as a source of energy into a PKC urea-treated rice straw-based diet increased the PUFA concentrations of muscles as compared to control groups.

    Matched MeSH terms: Zea mays
Related Terms
Filters
Contact Us

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links