MyMedR

Antigenic comparisons of hog cholera virus isolates from Europe, America and Asia using monoclonal antibodies

Edwards S, Sands JJ

DTW. Dtsch. Tierarztl. Wochenschr., 1990 Feb;97(2):79-81.

Nineteen monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) with specificity for hog cholera virus (HCV) were prepared. They were used in an immune binding (peroxidase linked) assay to determine the reaction patterns of HCV isolates from Europe, Brazil, USA, Japan and Malaysia, as well as laboratory reference strains of the virus. A further panel of 17 MAbs raised against bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) was included in the study, together with 5 MAbs raised against a non-HCV pestivirus of porcine origin. All the MAbs were also tested against representative strains of BVDV and border disease virus. Six MAbs were HCV-specific, reacting with all isolates of HCV and none of the ruminant viruses. Among the other HCV MAbs geographical variation in reaction patterns was observed. There was evidence of antigenic distinction between recent European isolates, and archive material originally isolated more than 10 years ago.

Matched MeSH terms: Antigens, Viral/analysis*

Fulltext Serum antibodies to defined carbohydrate antigens during the course of treated leprosy

Gelber RH, Li F, Cho SN, Byrd S, Rajagopalan K, Brennan PJ

Int. J. Lepr. Other Mycobact. Dis., 1989 Dec;57(4):744-51.

PMID: 2681457

Sequential monitoring of 724 sera for antibodies to a neoantigen based on phenolic glycolipid-I (PGL-I) and native lipoarabinomannan (LAM) in 90 leprosy patients undergoing therapy in San Francisco was conducted. Untreated lepromatous patients frequently (91%) had significant antibodies to both moieties. Antibodies were less frequently found in tuberculoid patients (74% to neoantigen and 37% to LAM). In the first 3 years of treatment, average serum antibodies to both moieties fell significantly. Antibodies to LAM fell during each of the first 4 years of therapy, but decreasing antibody levels to the PGL-I neoantigen did not appear to fall consistently after the third year of treatment. A wide variation in the rate of fall of serum antibodies was noted. Sequential changes in the amounts of serum antibodies to the neoantigen and LAM in general paralleled one another but were at times discrepant. Both in San Francisco and Malaysia, skin-smear negative, long-term treated, lepromatous leprosy patients frequently harbored significant antibodies to both PGL-I and LAM.

Matched MeSH terms: Antigens, Bacterial/immunology*

Serological classification of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi organisms found in chiggers (Acarina: Trombiculidae) collected in Peninsular Malaysia

Shirai A, Dohany AL, Ram S, Chiang GL, Huxsoll DL

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1981;75(4):580-2.

PMID: 6798724

Matched MeSH terms: Antigens, Bacterial/immunology

Duffy phenotypes in Malaysian populations: correction of previous unusual findings

Lewis GE, Miller LH, Ibrahim L, Wong PW, McGinniss M, Ooi WL

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1988;82(3):509-10.

PMID: 3068862

Duffy phenotypes were determined for 314 Malaysian Orang Asli. The most common gene, Fya, was present in 313; there were no Duffy negative individuals. A previous study found evidence of Plasmodium vivax infection in 5 of 7 Orang Asli reported to be of the Duffy negative genotype. In this study, 5 of the 7 previously tested Orang Asli were retested in triplicate, and each of the 5 was found to be Duffy positive, having the Fya gene and a phenotype of Fy (a + b-).

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Group Antigens*

Genetic markers of an aboriginal Taiwanese population

Chen KH, Cann H, Chen TC, Van West B, Cavalli-Sforza L

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 1985 Mar;66(3):327-37.

PMID: 3857010

A group of Taiwan aborigines, the Toroko, was typed for 21 classical genetic loci. This is part of an ongoing program aimed at a comprehensive study of Taiwan aborigines. In this first paper a short summary of historical, archeological, and anthropological data in the literature is made, and results of the present survey are compared with older results from other aborigine tribes. An analysis of other neighboring populations from southeast Asia has also been carried out in order to give a preliminary answer to the question of origin of Taiwanese aborigines. Fifteen populations were studied for 13 loci by tree analysis, principal components, and isolation by distance. Tree analysis and principal component analysis gave results in fairly good agreement and indicate three major population clusters: a northeast cluster (Ainu, Korea, Japan, and Ryukyu); a southeast cluster (south China, Thailand, Vietnam, Philippines, Taiwan, and Toroko); and a third cluster including Malaya and Borneo. The positions of Polynesia, Micronesia, and Melanesia are somewhat peripheral. Analysis of the tree shows some potential cases of convergence, perhaps owing to admixture, and of divergence. The analysis of isolation by distance shows that geographic propinquity is a reasonably good predictor of general similarity in this area.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Group Antigens/genetics

Comparison of direct immunoperoxidase and direct immunofluorescence for the detection of herpes simplex virus antigen in cell culture

Sabil D, Othman SK, Isahak I

Malays J Pathol, 1990 Jun;12(1):35-8.

PMID: 1965320

150 specimens from suspected herpes simplex genital and skin lesions were received in virus transport medium. They were inoculated into Hep-2 cell monolayers, examined for the presence of virus by cytopathic effect (CPE), direct immunoperoxidase (DIP) and direct immunofluorescence (DIF). Of 39 (26.0%) virus-positive specimens by CPE, 37 (24.7%) were HSV-positive by DIP and 36 (24.0%) by DIF staining. DIP staining had a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 99.1%, positive predictive value of 97.3% and negative predictive value of 100% in relation to DIF as a standard test. Of 39 specimens positive by CPE, only 25.6% were HSV-positive within 24 h post-inoculation compared to 94% HSV-positive by DIP and DIF staining at the same time.

Matched MeSH terms: Antigens, Viral/analysis*

A new serovar of Bacillus thuringiensis possessing 28a28c flagellar antigenic structure: Bacillus thuringiensis serovar jegathesan, selectively toxic against mosquito larvae

Seleena P, Lee HL, Lecadet MM

J Am Mosq Control Assoc, 1995 Dec;11(4):471-3.

PMID: 8825511

A novel Bacillus thuringiensis strain highly toxic to mosquitoes was isolated from soil samples in Malaysia. This strain was shown to display a new subfraction of the H-28 flagellar antigen determining a new serovar H28a28c, which was designated serovar jegathesan. Bioassays indicated that Culex quinquefasciatus larvae are the most susceptible to this new isolate, whereas toxicity to Anopheles maculatus and Aedes aegypti larvae was 10 times lower. The potency of this new serotype is also comparable to most of the Malaysian B. thuringiensis H-14 isolates.

Matched MeSH terms: Antigens, Bacterial/immunology*

Fulltext The heterogeneic distribution of Helicobacter pylori cag pathogenicity island reflects different pathologies in multiracial Malaysian population

Hanafiah A, Razak SA, Neoh HM, Zin NM, Lopes BS

Braz J Infect Dis, 2020 11 04;24(6):545-551.

PMID: 33157035 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2020.10.005

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori harbouring cag-pathogenicity island (cagPAI) which encodes type IV secretion system (T4SS) and cagA virulence gene are involved in inflammation of the gastric mucosa. We examined all the 27 cagPAI genes in 88 H. pylori isolates from patients of different ethnicities and examined the association of the intactness of cagPAI region with histopathological scores of the gastric mucosa.

RESULTS: 96.6% (n=85) of H. pylori isolates were cagPAI-positive with 22.4% (19/85) having an intact cagPAI, whereas 77.6% (66/85) had a partial/rearranged cagPAI. The frequency of cag2 and cag14 were found to be significantly higher in H. pylori isolated from Malays, whereas cag4 was predominantly found in Chinese isolates. The cag24 was significantly found in higher proportions in Malay and Indian isolates than in Chinese isolates. The intactness of cagPAI region showed an association with histopathological scores of the gastric mucosa. Significant association was observed between H. pylori harbouring partial cagPAI with higher density of bacteria and neutrophil activity, whereas strains lacking cagPAI were associated with higher inflammatory score.

CONCLUSIONS: The genotypes of H. pylori strains with various cagPAI rearrangement associated with patients' ethnicities and histopathological scores might contribute to the pathogenesis of H. pylori infection in a multi-ethnic population.

Matched MeSH terms: Antigens, Bacterial/genetics

Fulltext Immunotherapy for head and neck cancer

Sok Ching Cheong

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(108):5-5.

MyJurnal

Head and neck cancers have been reported to have high immune infiltration scores, and clinical benefits of the anti-PD1 checkpoint inhibitor have been demonstrated in recurrent and metastatic cancers. Recent genetic signa-tures of the immune compartment have provided insights to delineate immune-active and -exhausted subtypes, to understand the immune status of OSCC patients that could further drive the development of novel immunotherapies. Vaccination with tumour-associated antigens is an approach to improve tumour recognition which could result in the eradication of cancer cells. Here, I would describe our efforts in developing antigen-specific vaccines for head and neck cancer. Using the B6.Cg-Tg(HLA-A/H2-D)2Enge/J mice bearing established tumours overexpressing the tumour antigens, we demonstrated that the vaccine delayed tumour growth, and in combination with anti-PD1, completely eliminated the tumour. The vaccine increased the expression of PD1 in T cells, and vaccinated animals showed increased antigen-specific responses by the ELISPOT assay. In summary, our data show that antigen-specific vaccine works synergistically with anti-PD1 and could be a promising therapeutic agent for head and neck cancer.

Matched MeSH terms: Antigens, Neoplasm; HLA-A Antigens

Serodiagnostic methods for diagnosing larval toxocariasis

Noordin R, Yunus MH, Tan Farrizam SN, Arifin N

Adv Parasitol, 2020;109:131-152.

PMID: 32381194 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2020.01.003

Toxocariasis is a human infection primarily caused by larvae of Toxocara canis from dogs, and also by T. cati from cats. Children have a more significant risk of acquiring the infection due to their closer contact with pets, and greater chances of ingesting soil. Diagnosis of toxocariasis is based on clinical, epidemiological, and serological data. Indirect IgG ELISA is a widely used serodiagnostic method for toxocariasis, with native T. canis TES most commonly used as the antigen. Western blots, using the same antigen, can be used to confirm positive ELISA findings to reduce false-positive results. Improvements in Toxocara serodiagnosis include the use of recombinant TES antigens, simpler and more rapid assay formats, and IgG4 subclass detection. Also, incorporation of recombinant T. cati TES protein increases the diagnostic sensitivity. Development of antigen detection tests using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, nanobodies, or aptamers can complement the antibody detection assays, and enhance the effectiveness of the serodiagnosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Antigens, Helminth/immunology

Fulltext Antigenic profile of Blomia tropicalis, Aleuroglyphus ovatus and Glycycometus malaysiensis

Tang JC, Wong SF, Mak JW, Ho TM

Trop Biomed, 2011 Aug;28(2):223-36.

PMID: 22041741

House dust mites and storage mites are well-known causes for allergenic diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunogenic sites of Blomia tropicalis, Aleurogyphus ovatus and Glycycometus malaysiensis. The mites were maintained in a culture medium at 25ºC and 75% relative humidity. Mites were harvested either with heat escape or floatation method, purified, homogenized, quantified and used for the production of polyclonal antibody and immunostaining. For each species of mites, five male mice and five male rats were randomly selected and immunized intraperitoneally with respective crude mite extract at two-weekly intervals. Blomia tropicalis, A. ovatus or G. malaysiensis whole mites and paraffin-embedded mite sections were immunostained with the respective polyclonal antibody. The faecal pellets of mites were intensely stained for all the three species in the present study. The legs of sectioned A. ovatus were not immunogenic as compared with those of G. malaysiensis and B. tropicalis. The outer layer (cuticle) of whole mites and the eggs for these species were very immunogenic. Hence, the polyclonal antibodies obtained in this study may serve as potential tools in detecting the eggs and immature mites in environmental samples. Future studies should focus on the antigenic components of eggs since they were relatively abundant in dust and highly antigenic as seen in the present study.

Matched MeSH terms: Antigens/analysis*

Specific depression of cell-mediated immunity in Malayan filariasis

Kwa BH, Mak JW

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1980;74(4):522-7.

PMID: 7445050

The possible depression of cell-mediated immunity by long-term Brugia malayi infection in jirds (Meriones unguiculatus) was investigated. Different groups of infected jirds were sensitized with dinitrofluorobenzene, sheep red blood cells, Dirofilaria immitis adult antigens and B. malayi adult antigens. The 24-hour delayed type hypersensitivity skin response to testing with antigen was measured as an in vivo correlate of cell-mediated immunity. The delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to dinitrofluorobenzene, sheep red blood cells and D. immitis antigens were normal but the response to B. malayi antigens was significantly depressed, confirming that long-term B. malayi infection depresses cell-mediated immunity and that this depression is specific to B. malayi antigens.

Matched MeSH terms: Antigens/immunology

Xga blood group in Chinese, Malays and Indians in Singapore

Saha N, Banerjee B

Vox Sang, 1973;24(6):542-4.

PMID: 4722836

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Group Antigens*

A serological survey of antibodies to Japanese B encephalitis virus among horses in Malaya

HALE JH, WITHERINGTON DH

Ann Trop Med Parasitol, 1954 Mar;48(1):15-20.

PMID: 13149114

Matched MeSH terms: Antigens*

Neutralizing antibodies against arthropod-borne viruses in the sera of long-time residents of Malaya and Borneo

Smithburn KC

Am J Hyg, 1954 Mar;59(2):157-63.

PMID: 13138582

Matched MeSH terms: Antigens*

The search for a matched bone marrow donor in the Malaysian population

Chan, L.L., Law, C.W., Hunn, P.S., Yew, C.B., Lim, P.P.L., Teo, L.T., et al.

Malaysian Journal of Child Health, 1997;9(2):182-188.

MyJurnal

In Malaysia, an estimated 50 children per annum suffering from a variety of haematological and inherited disorders would benefit from bone marrow or stem cell trans-plantation. By mendelian inheritance 25% of these children would be able to find a sibling who is a matched histocompatible donor. For the remaining 75% to have a chance at survival, search from another source would have to be made. This could mean a mismatched non-sibling related donor or a matched unrelated donor. We studied the chance of a Malaysian patient finding a matched sibling donor and a matched unrelated donor. Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA) data from patients and their siblings were analysed. The HLA data were matched against the largest Asian bone marrow donor registry in Taiwan. 95% of the 138,744 donors in this registry come from Taiwanese Hokkien ancestry.

Matched MeSH terms: Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; HLA Antigens

Evaluation of Leptospira biflexa antigens for screening human sera by the microscopic agglutination (MA) test in comparison with the sensitized-erythrocyte-lysis (SEL) test

Tan DS, Welch QB

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1974 Mar;5(1):12-6.

PMID: 4839075

Matched MeSH terms: Antigens, Bacterial*

AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE COMMON CAUSES OF BLOODSTAIN DETERIORATION. II. EFFECT OF PERSPIRATION AND SALIVA ON BLOOD GROUPING

SINGH S, KUNG TT

Med J Malaysia, 1964 Jun;18:262-8.

PMID: 14199444

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Group Antigens*

HLA antigens in three common populations in South East Asia--Chinese, Malay and Filipino