Displaying publications 101 - 120 of 976 in total

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  1. Sugar palm (Arenga pinnata): Its fibres, polymers and composites
    Ishak MR, Sapuan SM, Leman Z, Rahman MZ, Anwar UM, Siregar JP
    Carbohydr Polym, 2013 Jan 16;91(2):699-710.
    PMID: 23121967 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.07.073
    Sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) is a multipurpose palm species from which a variety of foods and beverages, timber commodities, biofibres, biopolymers and biocomposites can be produced. Recently, it is being used as a source of renewable energy in the form of bio-ethanol via fermentation process of the sugar palm sap. Although numerous products can be produced from sugar palm, three products that are most prominent are palm sugar, fruits and fibres. This paper focuses mainly on the significance of fibres as they are highly durable, resistant to sea water and because they are available naturally in the form of woven fibre they are easy to process. Besides the recent advances in the research of sugar palm fibres and their composites, this paper also addresses the development of new biodegradable polymer derived from sugar palm starch, and presents reviews on fibre surface treatment, product development, and challenges and efforts on properties enhancement of sugar palm fibre composites.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fruit
  2. Fulltext Sugar craving and sugar intake pattern among Malay adults
    Wan Fathin Fariza, Nik Mazlan Mamat
    International Journal of Allied Health Sciences, 2017;1(1):2-2.
    MyJurnal
    Objectives/Research Problem: A total of 6.3% of American adults showed specific craving to sweet foods and this was proven analogous to sweet foods intake. We attempted to measuresweet craving among Malaysians through the development of Sugar Craving Assessment Tool for Malaysians (MySCAT). The aim of this research was to explore the pattern of sugar craving and sugar intake among Malay adults.

    Materials and Method: Subjects (age19 to 59 years old) were recruited among Kuantan residents from multiple centres. A total of 219 volunteers were recruited and they completed MySCAT questionnaire, in which the respondents rated their craving for 30 sweet foods and beverages from 0 (Never) to 4 (Always). Body mass index (BMI) was obtained from height and weight measurements.

    Results and Discussion: Subjects consisted of 58 males and 161 females with mean age 29.6±10.7 y, BMI 23.5±4.4 kg/m2 total MySCAT score of 41.1±14.9. Results indicated that the most craved items were sugar sweetened beverages (mean score 2.46±1.18), fruit juices (2.16±1.08) and drinks with sweetened condensed milk (median 2.00, IQR = 2.00). A subset of 100 subjects also completed FFQ Sugar (mean age 21.2±1.6 y, BMI 21.0±3.1 kg/m2. Sugar intake was 79.5 g/day and contributed the most by sugar-sweetened beverages (56.5%) followed by non-carbonated soft drinks (13.9%) and sweets & chocolates (5.6%). Sugar intake was significantly higher in male (95.4 g/day) than female (54.3 g/day, p
    Matched MeSH terms: Fruit and Vegetable Juices
  3. Fulltext Subtypes of fruit and vegetables, variety in consumption and risk of colon and rectal cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
    Leenders M, Siersema PD, Overvad K, Tjønneland A, Olsen A, Boutron-Ruault MC, et al.
    Int J Cancer, 2015 Dec 01;137(11):2705-14.
    PMID: 26077137 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29640
    Previously, a lower risk of colorectal cancer was observed with fruit and vegetable consumption in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition within a follow-up period of 9 years which was not fully supported by a recent meta-analysis. Therefore, we were interested in the relation with extended follow-up, also focusing on single subtypes and a variety of intake of fruit and vegetables. Fruit and vegetable consumption was assessed at baseline. After an average of 13 years of follow-up, 3,370 participants were diagnosed with colon or rectal cancer. Diet diversity scores were constructed to quantify variety in fruit and vegetable consumption. A lower risk of colon cancer was observed with higher self-reported consumption of fruit and vegetable combined (HR Q4 vs. Q1 0.87, 95% CI 0.75-1.01, p for trend 0.02), but no consistent association was observed for separate consumption of fruits and vegetables. No associations with risk of rectal cancer were observed. The few observed associations for some fruit and vegetable subtypes with colon cancer risk may have been due to chance. Variety in consumption of fruits and vegetables was not associated with a lower risk of colon or rectal cancer. Although a lower risk of colon cancer is suggested with high consumption of fruit and vegetables, this study does not support a clear inverse association between fruit and vegetable consumption and colon or rectal cancer beyond a follow-up of more than 10 years. Attenuation of the risk estimates from dietary changes over time cannot be excluded, but appears unlikely.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fruit
  4. Subcritical water liquefaction of oil palm fruit press fiber in the presence of sodium hydroxide: an optimisation study using response surface methodology
    Mazaheri H, Lee KT, Bhatia S, Mohamed AR
    Bioresour Technol, 2010 Dec;101(23):9335-41.
    PMID: 20656481 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.07.004
    Thermal decomposition of oil palm fruit press fiber (FPF) into a liquid product (LP) was achieved using subcritical water treatment in the presence of sodium hydroxide in a high pressure batch reactor. This study uses experimental design and process optimisation tools to maximise the LP yield using response surface methodology (RSM) with central composite rotatable design (CCRD). The independent variables were temperature, residence time, particle size, specimen loading, and additive loading. The mathematical model that was developed fit the experimental results well for all of the response variables that were studied. The optimal conditions were found to be a temperature of 551 K, a residence time of 40 min, a particle size of 710-1000 microm, a specimen loading of 5 g, and a additive loading of 9 wt.% to achieve a LP yield of 76.16%.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fruit/chemistry*
  5. Subcritical water extraction of low methoxyl pectin from pomelo (Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck) peels
    Liew SQ, Teoh WH, Tan CK, Yusoff R, Ngoh GC
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2018 Sep;116:128-135.
    PMID: 29738869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.013
    Low methoxyl (LM) pectin was extracted from pomelo peels using subcritical water in a dynamic mode. The effects of pressure and temperature were analyzed through a face-centred central composite design. Extraction yield and the rate of extraction were found to be predominantly influenced by temperature. Optimization of the subcritical water extraction (SWE) yielded an optimized operating condition of 120°C and 30bar with a predicted pectin yield of 18.8%. The corresponding experimental yield was 19.6%, which is in close agreement with the predicted data. The pectin obtained from the optimized condition was further analyzed for its physicochemical properties. The kinetics of the SWE was also evaluated whereby the one-site kinetic desorption model was found to be in good agreement with experimental data (R2>0.94).
    Matched MeSH terms: Fruit/chemistry
  6. Sub/supercritical liquefaction of oil palm fruit press fiber for the production of bio-oil: effect of solvents
    Mazaheri H, Lee KT, Bhatia S, Mohamed AR
    Bioresour Technol, 2010 Oct;101(19):7641-7.
    PMID: 20510608 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.04.072
    Thermal decomposition of oil palm fruit press fiber (FPF) with sub/supercritical methanol, ethanol, acetone, and 1,4-dioxane treatments were investigated using a high-pressure autoclave reactor. When FPF was decomposed with methanol, ethanol, and acetone from 483 to 603 K, the highest degree of conversion obtained were 81.5%, 77.8%, and 67.9% while the highest liquid product yield (LP) obtained were 38.0%, 36.9%, and 38.5%, respectively. For the case of 1,4-dioxane, the conversion of FPF increased from 18.30% to 80.00%, while LP yield increased dramatically from 13.30% to 50.90% (consisting of 42.3% bio-oil compounds) when the reaction temperature was increased from 483 to 563 K. However, the conversion of FPF and LP yield decreased to 69.60% and 24.10%, respectively, when the temperature was further increased to 603 K. Comparison between all the solvents, subcritical 1,4-dioxane treatment was found very effective in the degradation of FPF to produce bio-oil component.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fruit/chemistry*
  7. Study on a Novel natural cellulosic fiber from Kigelia africana fruit: Characterization and analysis
    Siva R, Valarmathi TN, Palanikumar K, Samrot AV
    Carbohydr Polym, 2020 Sep 15;244:116494.
    PMID: 32536404 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116494
    In recent days, there is an increasing use of green composites in composite manufacturing, where cellulosic natural fibers have been started using for this purpose. In line with this, a novel cellulose fiber was extracted from the Kigelia africana fruit and its physical, chemical and thermal properties, crystallography and surface morphology analysis were studied and reported in this investigative research paper. The physical analysis revealed the mean tensile strength as 50.31 ± 24.71 to 73.12 ± 32.48 MPa, diameter as 0.507 ± 0.162 to 0.629 ± 0.182 mm and density as 1.316 g/cm³ for the Kigelia africana fiber. The proximate chemical analysis estimated the cellulose percentage to be 61.5 % and the existence of different basic components like cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin are confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. Thermogravimetric analysis establishes the thermal stability of the fiber as 212 ⁰C. The crystallinity index, 57.38 % of the fiber was determined by X-ray diffraction. Surface morphology by field emission scanning electron microscopy reveals the presence of protrusions in fiber which aid in the better adhesion with the matrix in composite manufacturing.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fruit/chemistry*
  8. Study of optimal temperature, pH and stability of dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peel for use as potential natural colorant
    Harivaindaran KV, Rebecca OP, Chandran S
    Pak J Biol Sci, 2008 Sep 15;11(18):2259-63.
    PMID: 19137837
    The peel of Hylocereus polyrhizus is often regarded as a waste hence this study was aimed at exploring the feasibility of using the peel as a natural colorant using simple water extraction method. Samples were subjected to a series of temperatures: Room temperature (RT), 50, 80 and 100 degrees C; varied length of heating time from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 10 min and a varied range of pH using 1 M of citric acid solution. The best condition to obtain highest betacyanin content was heating samples at 100 degrees C for 5 min in a pH 5 citric acid solution. The next part of this study involved the stability test of the pigments obtained through the best method determined earlier. The pigments were dried and resuspended in distilled water. The samples were then exposed to light to monitor pigment changes. Initial resuspension of the dried pigments yielded a comparable high content of betacyanins to its juice counterpart. The results showed that resuspended pigments had high pigment retention and were stable up to 7 days. These initial findings must be further studied in more controlled conditions to understand the stability of betacyanin. Nevertheless, the results show that betacyanin obtained from the peel of dragon fruit has a high potential to be used as a natural dye.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fruit/chemistry
  9. Study of Primordial 226Ra, 228Ra, and 40K Concentrations in Dietary Palm Dates and Concomitant Radiological Risk
    Khandaker MU, Shuaibu HK, Alklabi FAA, Alzimami KS, Bradley DA
    Health Phys, 2019 06;116(6):789-798.
    PMID: 30889102 DOI: 10.1097/HP.0000000000001042
    The presence of natural radionuclides in the food chain point to a need to assess concentration levels and concomitant radiological risk. Highly popular and forming a staple part of the diet in North Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and West Asia, palm dates growing naturally there have even greater marketability than simple satisfaction of domestic demand, the palm dates representing a valuable export item. Accurate knowledge of the levels of natural radioactivity in the fruit is thus of importance. In this study, using high-purity germanium gamma-ray spectrometry, quantification has been made of natural radionuclide concentrations in imported dates originating from Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Tunisia. Sample analyses reveal respective mean activity concentrations of 1.4 ± 0.3, 0.8 ± 0.4, and 186 ± 9 Bq kg dry weight for Ra, Ra, and K. For each nuclide, the mean concentration varies little between the dates of the three represented regions. The estimated committed effective dose resulting from the consumption of date fruits for a typical adult was found to be 29.9 μSv y, well below the global internal dose of 290 μSv y assessed by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation to be due to food and water intake. Similarly, the excess lifetime cancer risk due to naturally occurring radioactive material exposure via date fruit consumption is seen to be below the International Commission on Radiological Protection cancer risk factor of 2.5 × 10 based on the additional annual dose limit of 1 mSv for a member of the general public. The results show no significant uptake in the analyzed date fruits.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fruit/chemistry*
  10. Fulltext Studies on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of goat's milk dadih incorporated with tropical-fruit purees
    Chye, S.J., Ahmad, R., Noor Aziah, A.A.
    International Food Research Journal, 2012;19(4):1387-1392.
    MyJurnal
    This study was carried out to improve the nutritional value of goat’s milk dadih by the addition of tropical-fruit purees, namely, jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus, Lam.), pineapple (Ananas comosus) and papaya (Carica papaya). Dadih with added fruits were compared with the control (without fruit puree) for physical, chemical and sensory attributes. The texture properties of the tropical- fruit dadih were significantly different (p< 0.05) from the control. Control dadih showed highest values for lightness and hue (p< 0.05) as compared to tropical- fruit dadih. The addition of tropical- fruit purees significantly increased (p< 0.05) the moisture, protein, ash and vitamin C contents of the fruit added dadih. There were no significant differences (p> 0.05) in the fat, carbohydrate, energy and total soluble solid contents. Sensory evaluations using a hedonic test showed that all dadih were acceptable. Overall, syneresis of the dadih increased with decreasing pH throughout storage at 4°C.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fruit
  11. Structure-activity relationship of polyisoprenyl benzophenones from Garcinia pyrifera on the tubulin/microtubule system
    Roux D, Hadi HA, Thoret S, Guénard D, Thoison O, Païs M, et al.
    J Nat Prod, 2000 Aug;63(8):1070-6.
    PMID: 10978200
    Microtubule disassembly inhibitory properties have been established for the known polyisoprenylated benzophenones xanthochymol (1a) and guttiferone E (1b). The compounds were isolated from the fruits of Garcinia pyrifera collected in Malaysia. A structure-activity relationship study, including natural and semisynthetic derivatives, delineated some structural features necessary for the interaction with tubulin within this compound class.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fruit/chemistry*
  12. Structure identification of a polysaccharide purified from Lycium barbarium fruit
    Yuan Y, Wang YB, Jiang Y, Prasad KN, Yang J, Qu H, et al.
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2016 Jan;82:696-701.
    PMID: 26505952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.10.069
    The water-soluble bioactive polysaccharides can contribute to the health benefits of Lycium barbarium fruit. However, the structure characteristics of these polysaccharides remain unclear yet. An important polysaccharide (LBPA) was isolated and purified from L. barbarium in this work. It was identified by chemical and spectroscopic methods as arabinogalactan with β-d-(1→6)-galactan as backbone, which was different to any reported polysaccharides from this species before. This arabinogalactan was comprised of Araf, Galp, GlcpA and Rhap with a molar ratio of 9.2:6.6:1.0:0.9. The side chains, including α-l-Araf-(1→, α-l-Araf-(1→5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, β-l-Araf-(1→5)-α-l-Araf-(1→ and α-l-Rhap-(1→4)-β-d-GlcpA-(1→6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, were linked to β-d-(1→6)-galactan at O-3. The putative structure was drawn as below. The molecular weight was determined to be 470,000g/mol by gel permeation chromatography.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fruit/chemistry*
  13. Fulltext Strongyloides stercoralis in common vegetables and herbs in Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
    Zeehaida M, Zairi NZ, Rahmah N, Maimunah A, Madihah B
    Trop Biomed, 2011 Apr;28(1):188-93.
    PMID: 21602786
    Transmission of soil-transmitted helminthes infection is by faecal oral route, and is influenced by food preference. Kelantanese love to consume ulam which are raw vegetables and herbs. Some of the herbs grow on grounds with high humidity and are abundant near drainage areas, these are also places with higher likelihood of harbouring viable parasite ova. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of soiltransmitted helminthes in vegetables, herbs and fruits found in our local setting. The results by microscopy showed that there was no helminthes ovum or protozoan parasite in the samples. However, Strongyloides stercoralis rhabdatiform larvae were identified in water samples used to wash pegaga, kesum and water spinach, and the number of larvae observed were 152, 9 and 16 respectively. Analysis by real-time PCR confirmed the microscopic observation of this helminth. This study highlighted that vegetables and herbs are likely sources of Strongyloides stercoralis infection in Kota Bharu, Kelantan. Thus vegetable sellers as well as the food handlers are the two important groups who are at high risk of acquiring the infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fruit/parasitology
  14. Statistical optimization of adsorption processes for removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol by activated carbon derived from oil palm empty fruit bunches
    Alam MZ, Muyibi SA, Toramae J
    J Environ Sci (China), 2007;19(6):674-7.
    PMID: 17969639
    The adsorption capacity of activated carbon produced from oil palm empty fruit bunches through removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol from aqueous solution was carried out in the laboratory. The activated carbon was produced by thermal activation of activation time with 30 min at 800 degrees C. The adsorption process conditions were determined with the statistical optimization followed by central composite design. A developed polynomial model for operating conditions of adsorption process indicated that the optimum conditions for maximum adsorption of phenolic compound were: agitation rate of 100 r/min, contact time of 8 h, initial adsorbate concentration of 250 mg/L and pH 4. Adsorption isotherms were conducted to evaluate biosorption process. Langmuir isotherm was more favorable (R2 = 0.93) for removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol by the activated carbon rather than Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.88).
    Matched MeSH terms: Fruit
  15. Standardization and in vivo antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts of fruit and leaf of Piper sarmentosum
    Hussain K, Ismail Z, Sadikun A, Ibrahim P
    Planta Med, 2010 Mar;76(5):418-25.
    PMID: 19862670 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1186279
    The present study aimed to investigate standardized ethanol extracts of fruit and leaves of Piper sarmentosum for their in vivo antioxidant activity in rats using a CCl (4)-induced oxidative stress model. The standardization was based on the quantification of the markers pellitorine, sarmentine and sarmentosine by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and determination of total primary and secondary metabolites. The rats, divided into 7 groups each (n = 6), were used as follows: group 1 (CCl (4), negative control), group 2 (untreated, control), groups 3 and 4 (fruit extract 250 and 500 mg/kg, respectively), groups 5 and 6 (leaf extract 250 and 500 mg/kg, respectively) and group 7 (vitamin-E 100 mg/kg, positive control). The doses were administered orally for 14 days; 4 h following the last dose, a single dose of CCl (4) (1.5 mg/kg) was given orally to all the groups except group 2, and after 24 h, blood and liver of each animal were obtained. Analysis of plasma and liver homogenate exhibited significant preservation of markers of antioxidant activity, total plasma antioxidant activity (TPAA), total protein (TP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), in the pretreated groups as compared to the CCl (4) group (p < 0.05). Histology of the liver also evidenced the protection of hepatocytes against CCl (4) metabolites in the pretreated groups. The results of this study indicate the IN VIVO antioxidant activity of both extracts of the plant, which may be valuable to combat diseases involving free radicals.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fruit/chemistry
  16. Fulltext Stages of change and health-related quality of life among employees of an institution
    Liau SY, Shafie AA, Ibrahim MI, Hassali MA, Othman AT, Mohamed MH, et al.
    Health Expect, 2013 Jun;16(2):199-210.
    PMID: 21645189 DOI: 10.1111/j.1369-7625.2011.00702.x
    BACKGROUND: Transtheoretical Model of change has been used successfully in promoting behaviour change.

    OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationships between health-related quality of life (HRQoL) scores with the stages of change of adequate physical activity and fruit and vegetables intake.

    DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among employees of the main campus and Engineering campus of Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) during October 2009 and March 2010.

    MAIN VARIABLES STUDIED: Data on physical activity and fruit and vegetable intake was collected using the WHO STEPS instrument for chronic disease risk factors surveillance. The Short Form-12 health survey (SF-12) was used to gather information on participants' HRQoL. The current stages of change are measured using the measures developed by the Pro-Change Behaviour Systems Incorporation.

    STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: One way ANOVA and its non-parametric equivalent Kruskal-Wallis were used to compare the differences between SF-12 scores with the stages of change.

    RESULTS: A total of 144 employees were included in this analysis. A large proportion of the participants reported inadequate fruits and vegetable intake (92.3%) and physical activity (84.6%). Mean physical and mental component scores of SF-12 were 50.39 (SD = 7.69) and 49.73 (SD = 8.64) respectively. Overall, there was no statistical significant difference in the SF-12 domains scores with regards to the stages of change for both the risk factors.

    CONCLUSIONS: There were some evidence of positive relationship between stages of change of physical activity and fruit and vegetable intake with SF-12 scores. Further studies need to be conducted to confirm this association.

    Matched MeSH terms: Fruit
  17. Fulltext Stability of selected quality attributes of pink guava juice during storage at elevated temperatures
    Aishah, B., Hannah, K., Zati Alyani, O.
    International Food Research Journal, 2016;23(5):1918-1925.
    MyJurnal
    Quality degradation is normally judge by monitoring independently the loss of a certain quality
    attribute during storage. However, the rate of degradation for each of the quality attributes
    present in a food product is not the same. This study focus on deterioration of vitamin C,
    lycopene, total phenolics and antioxidant activity of ready-to-drink pink guava juice (PGJ)
    during storage at elevated temperatures. Kinetic order, rate constant (k), activation energy
    (Ea) and temperature coefficient (Q10) of the degradation were derived by applying Arrhenius
    equation. The results obtained showed that freshly made PGJ contain 39.79±2.18 mg/100 mL
    of vitamin C, 3.17±0.27 mg/L of lycopene, 28.08±4.11 mgGAE/100 mL of total phenolic
    content (TPC) and 13.20±1.91 mMTE/100 mL of ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP).
    All quality attributes measured in this study showed zero-order kinetic reaction. The results
    also showed that FRAP has the highest Ea of 49.52 KJ/mol and Q10 of 1.80, followed by
    vitamin C (Ea=41.49 KJ/mol; Q10=1.64), lycopene (Ea=31.75 KJ/mol; Q10=1.46), and lastly
    TPC (Ea=14.11 KJ/mol; Q10=1.18). The predicted total depletion of each quality attribute
    at refrigerated storage (5o
    C) were 266 days for antioxidant activity, 158 days for vitamin C
    and lycopene, and 63 days for total phenolics. This study provide useful information on the
    degradation rate and availability of health beneficial and bioactive compounds present in fruit
    juice beverage during storage.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fruit
  18. Spherical nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) from oil palm empty fruit bunch pulp via ultrasound assisted hydrolysis
    Zianor Azrina ZA, Beg MDH, Rosli MY, Ramli R, Junadi N, Alam AKMM
    Carbohydr Polym, 2017 Apr 15;162:115-120.
    PMID: 28224888 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.01.035
    Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) was isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunch pulp (EFBP) using ultrasound assisted acid hydrolysis. The obtained NCC was analysed using FESEM, XRD, FTIR, and TGA, and compared with raw empty fruit bunch fibre (REFB), empty fruit bunch pulp (EFBP), and treated empty fruit bunch pulp (TEFBP). Based on FESEM analysis, it was found that NCC has a spherical shaped after acid hydrolysis with the assistance of ultrasound. This situation was different compared to previous studies that obtained rod-like shaped of NCC. Furthermore, the crystallinity of NCC is higher compared to REFB and EFBP. According to thermal stability, the NCC obtained shows remarkable sign of high thermal stability compared to REFB and EFBP.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fruit/chemistry*
  19. Sorption of Pb(ll) by poly(hydroxamic acid) grafted oil palm empty fruit bunch
    Haron MJ, Tiansin M, Ibrahim NA, Kassim A, Wan Yunus WM, Talebi SM
    Water Sci Technol, 2011;63(8):1788-93.
    PMID: 21866782
    This paper describes the sorption of Pb(ll) from aqueous solution. Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fiber was first grafted with poly(methylacrylate) and then treated with hydroxylammonium chloride in alkaline medium to produce hydroxamic acid (PHA) grafted OPEFB. Sorption of Pb(ll) by PHA-OPEFB was maximum at pH 5. The sorption followed the Langmuir model with maximum capacityof 125.0 mg g-1 at 25 degrees C. The sorption process was exothermic, as shown by the negative value of enthalpy change, Delta H0. The free energy change (DeltaG0) for the sorption was negative, showing that the sorption process was spontaneous. A kinetic study showed that the Pb(ll) sorption followed a second order kinetic model.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fruit/chemistry*
  20. Solid-phase extraction using chloropropyl functionalized sol-gel hybrid sorbent for simultaneous determination of organophosphorus pesticides in selected fruit samples
    Veloo KV, Ibrahim NAS
    J Sep Sci, 2020 Aug;43(15):3027-3035.
    PMID: 32386268 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201901237
    A new sol-gel hybrid methyltrimethoxysilane-chloropropyltriethoxysilane was prepared as sorbent for solid-phase extraction. The extraction efficiency of the prepared sol-gel hybrid methyltrimethoxysilane-chloropropyltriethoxysilane was assessed by using three selected organophosphorus pesticides, namely, chlorpyrifos, profenofos, and malathion. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used for detection of organophosphorus pesticides. Several vital parameters were optimized to identify the best extraction conditions. Under the optimum extraction conditions, solid-phase extraction-methyltrimethoxysilane-chloropropyltriethoxysilane method showed good linearity range (0.05-1 μg/mL) with coefficient of determination more than 0.995. The limits of detection obtained were in the range of 0.01-0.07 μg/mL and limits of quantification ranging from 0.03 to 0.21 μg/mL. The limits of detection obtained for the developed method were 2.3-6.5× lower than the limits of detection of commercial octadecyl silica sorbent. Real samples analysis was carried out by applying the developed method on red apple and purple grape samples. The developed method exhibited good recoveries (88.33-120.7%) with low relative standard deviations ranging from 1.6 to 3.3% compared to commercial octadecyl silica sorbent, which showed acceptable recoveries (70.3-100.2%) and relative standard deviations (6.3-8.8%). The solid-phase extraction-methyltrimethoxysilane-chloropropyltriethoxysilane method is presented as an alternative extraction method for determination of organophosphorus pesticides.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fruit/chemistry*
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