Displaying publications 121 - 140 of 252 in total

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  1. Current status of coronary risk factors among rural Malays in Malaysia
    Nawawi HM, Nor IM, Noor IM, Karim NA, Arshad F, Khan R, et al.
    J Cardiovasc Risk, 2002 Feb;9(1):17-23.
    PMID: 11984213
    Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death in Malaysia, despite its status as a developing country. The rural population is thought to be at low risk.
  2. Fulltext Obesity in Malaysia
    Ismail MN, Chee SS, Nawawi H, Yusoff K, Lim TO, James WP
    Obes Rev, 2002 Aug;3(3):203-8.
    PMID: 12164473 DOI: 10.1046/j.1467-789x.2002.00074.x
    This study was undertaken to assess the recent data on Malaysian adult body weights and associations of ethnic differences in overweight and obesity with comorbid risk factors, and to examine measures of energy intake, energy expenditure, basal metabolic rate (BMR) and physical activity changes in urban and rural populations of normal weight. Three studies were included (1) a summary of a national health morbidity survey conducted in 1996 on nearly 29 000 adults > or =20 years of age; (2) a study comparing energy intake, BMR and physical activity levels (PALs) in 409 ethnically diverse, healthy adults drawn from a population of 1165 rural and urban subjects 18-60 years of age; and (3) an examination of the prevalence of obesity and comorbid risk factors that predict coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes in 609 rural Malaysians aged 30-65 years. Overweight and obesity were calculated using body mass index (BMI) measures and World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Energy intake was assessed using 3-d food records, BMR and PALs were assessed with Douglas bags and activity diaries, while hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and glucose intolerance were specified using standard criteria. The National Health Morbidity Survey data revealed that in adults, 20.7% were overweight and 5.8% obese (0.3% of whom had BMI values of >40.0 kg m(-2)); the prevalence of obesity was clearly greater in women than in men. In women, obesity rates were higher in Indian and Malay women than in Chinese women, while in men the Chinese recorded the highest obesity prevalences followed by the Malay and Indians. Studies on normal healthy subjects indicated that the energy intake of Indians was significantly lower than that of other ethnic groups. In women, Malays recorded a significantly higher energy intake than the other groups. Urban male subjects consumed significantly more energy than their rural counterparts, but this was not the case in women. In both men and women, fat intakes (%) were significantly higher in Chinese and urban subjects. Men were moderately active with the exception of the Dayaks. Chinese women were considerably less active than Chinese men. Chinese and Dayak women were less active than Malay and Indian women. In both men and women, Indians recorded the highest PALs. Hence, current nutrition and health surveys reveal that Malaysians are already affected by western health problems. The escalation of obesity, once thought to be an urban phenomenon, has now spread to the rural population at an alarming rate. As Malaysia proceeds rapidly towards a developed economy status, the health of its population will probably continue to deteriorate. Therefore, a national strategy needs to be developed to tackle both dietary and activity contributors to the excess weight gain of the Malaysian population.
    Study name: National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS-2006)
  3. Fulltext Combinatorial Antimicrobial Efficacy and Mechanism of Linalool Against Clinically Relevant Klebsiella pneumoniae
    Yang SK, Yusoff K, Ajat M, Wee CY, Yap PS, Lim SH, et al.
    Front Microbiol, 2021;12:635016.
    PMID: 33815320 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.635016
    Antibiotic-adjuvant combinatory therapy serves as a viable treatment option in addressing antibiotic resistance in the clinical setting. This study was carried out to assess and characterize the adjuvant potential and mode of action of linalool against carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC-KP). Linalool exhibited bactericidal activity alone (11,250 μg/ml) and in combination with meropenem (5,625 μg/ml). Comparative proteomic analysis showed significant reduction in the number of cytoplasmic and membrane proteins, indicating membrane damage in linalool-treated KPC-KP cells. Upregulation of oxidative stress regulator proteins and downregulation of oxidative stress-sensitive proteins indicated oxidative stress. Zeta potential measurement and outer membrane permeability assay revealed that linalool increases the bacterial surface charge as well as the membrane permeability. Intracellular leakage of nucleic acid and proteins was detected upon linalool treatment. Scanning and transmission electron microscopies further revealed the breakage of bacterial membrane and loss of intracellular materials. Linalool induced oxidative stress by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) which initiates lipid peroxidation, leading to damage of the bacterial membrane. This leads to intracellular leakage, eventually killing the KPC-KP cells. Our study demonstrated that linalool possesses great potential in future clinical applications as an adjuvant along with existing antibiotics attributed to their ability in disrupting the bacterial membrane by inducing oxidative stress. This facilitates the uptake of antibiotics into the bacterial cells, enhancing bacterial killing.
  4. HER2/neu-Based Peptide Vaccination-Pulsed with B-Cell Epitope Induced Efficient Prophylactic and Therapeutic Antitumor Activities in TUBO Breast Cancer Mice Model
    Nordin ML, Mohamad Norpi AS, Ng PY, Yusoff K, Abu N, Lim KP, et al.
    Cancers (Basel), 2021 Oct 01;13(19).
    PMID: 34638441 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194958
    Breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer diagnosed among women. A cancer vaccine has been recognized as a form of immunotherapy with a prominent position in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. The majority of current breast cancer vaccination strategies aim to stimulate antitumor T-cell responses of the HER2/neu oncogene, which is abnormally expressed in breast cancer cells. However, the role of the B-cell humoral response is often underappreciated in the cancer vaccine design. We have advanced this idea by elucidating the role of B-cells in cancer vaccination by designing a chimeric antigenic peptide possessing both cytotoxic T lymphocytes (GP2) and B-cell (P4) peptide epitopes derived from HER2/neu. The chimeric peptide (GP2-P4) was further conjugated to a carrier protein (KLH), forming a KLH-GP2-P4 conjugate. The immunogenicity of KLH-GP2-P4 was compared with KLH-GP2 (lacking the B-cell epitope) in BALB/c mice. Mice immunized with KLH-GP2-P4 elicited more potent antigen-specific neutralizing antibodies against syngeneic TUBO cells (cancer cell line overexpressing HER2/neu) that was governed by a balanced Th1/Th2 polarization in comparison to KLH-GP2. Subsequently, these immune responses led to greater inhibition of tumor growth and longer survival in TUBO tumor-bearing mice in both prophylactic and therapeutic challenge experiments. Overall, our data demonstrated that the B-cell epitope has a profound effect in orchestrating an efficacious antitumor immunity. Thus, a multi-epitope peptide vaccine encompassing cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, T-helper and B-cell epitopes represents a promising strategy in developing cancer vaccines with a preventive and therapeutic modality for the effective management of breast cancer.
  5. Fulltext Antimicrobial activity and mode of action of terpene linalyl anthranilate against carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae
    Yang SK, Yusoff K, Ajat M, Yap WS, Lim SE, Lai KS
    J Pharm Anal, 2021 Apr;11(2):210-219.
    PMID: 34012697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2020.05.014
    Mining of plant-derived antimicrobials is the major focus at current to counter antibiotic resistance. This study was conducted to characterize the antimicrobial activity and mode of action of linalyl anthranilate (LNA) against carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC-KP). LNA alone exhibited bactericidal activity at 2.5% (V/V), and in combination with meropenem (MPM) at 1.25% (V/V). Comparative proteomic analysis showed a significant reduction in the number of cytoplasmic and membrane proteins, indicating membrane damage in LNA-treated KPC-KP cells. Up-regulation of oxidative stress regulator proteins and down-regulation of oxidative stress-sensitive proteins indicated oxidative stress. Zeta potential measurement and outer membrane permeability assay revealed that LNA increases both bacterial surface charge and membrane permeability. Ethidium bromide influx/efflux assay showed increased uptake of ethidium bromide in LNA-treated cells, inferring membrane damage. Furthermore, intracellular leakage of nucleic acid and proteins was detected upon LNA treatment. Scanning and transmission electron microscopies again revealed the breakage of bacterial membrane and loss of intracellular materials. LNA was found to induce oxidative stress by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) that initiate lipid peroxidation and damage the bacterial membrane. In conclusion, LNA generates ROS, initiates lipid peroxidation, and damages the bacterial membrane, resulting in intracellular leakage and eventually killing the KPC-KP cells.
  6. Alginate-enabled green synthesis of S/Ag1.93S nanoparticles, their photothermal property and in-vitro assessment of their anti-skin-cancer effects augmented by a NIR laser
    Yoong WC, Loke CF, Juan JC, Yusoff K, Mohtarrudin N, Tatsuma T, et al.
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2022 Jan 15;201:516-527.
    PMID: 35041888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.062
    We report herein the design and synthesis of colloidally-stable S/Ag1.93S nanoparticles, their photothermal conversion properties and in vitro cytotoxicity toward A431 skin cancer cells under the excitation of a minimally-invasive 980 nm near-infrared (NIR) laser. Micron-sized S particles were first synthesized via acidifying Na2S2O3 using biocompatible sodium alginate as a surfactant. In the presence of AgNO3 and under rapid microwave-induced heating, alginate reduced AgNO3 to nascent Ag which reacted with molten S in situ forming S/Ag1.93S nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were characterized using a combination of X-ray diffraction, electron microscopies, elemental analysis, zeta-potential analysis and UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy. The average particles size was controlled between 40 and 60 nm by fixing the mole ratio of Ag+:S2O32-. When excited by a 980 nm laser, S/Ag1.93S nanoparticles (~40 nm) produced with the least amount of AgNO3 exhibited a respectable photothermal conversion efficiency of circa 62% with the test aqueous solution heated to a hyperthermia-inducing 52 °C in 15 min. At 0.7 W/cm2, the viability of A431 skin cancer cells incubated with 7.0 ± 0.2 μg/mL of S/Ag1.93S nanoparticles reduced to 14 ± 0.6%, while an A431 cell control maintained an 80% cell viability. These results suggested that S/Ag1.93S nanoparticles may have good potential in reducing metastatic skin carcinoma.
  7. Fulltext Immunization with recombinant enterovirus 71 viral capsid protein 1 fragment stimulated antibody responses in hamsters
    Ch'ng WC, Stanbridge EJ, Wong KT, Ong KC, Yusoff K, Shafee N
    Virol J, 2012;9:155.
    PMID: 22877087 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422X-9-155
    Enterovirus 71 (EV71) causes severe neurological diseases resulting in high mortality in young children worldwide. Development of an effective vaccine against EV71 infection is hampered by the lack of appropriate animal models for efficacy testing of candidate vaccines. Previously, we have successfully tested the immunogenicity and protectiveness of a candidate EV71 vaccine, containing recombinant Newcastle disease virus capsids that display an EV71 VP1 fragment (NPt-VP11-100) protein, in a mouse model of EV71 infection. A drawback of this system is its limited window of EV71 susceptibility period, 2 weeks after birth, leading to restricted options in the evaluation of optimal dosing regimens. To address this issue, we have assessed the NPt-VP11-100 candidate vaccine in a hamster system, which offers a 4-week susceptibility period to EV71 infection. Results obtained showed that the NPt-VP11-100 candidate vaccine stimulated excellent humoral immune response in the hamsters. Despite the high level of antibody production, they failed to neutralize EV71 viruses or protect vaccinated hamsters in viral challenge studies. Nevertheless, these findings have contributed towards a better understanding of the NPt-VP11-100 recombinant protein as a candidate vaccine in an alternative animal model system.
  8. Anti-leukemic activity of Newcastle disease virus strains AF2240 and V4-UPM in murine myelomonocytic leukemia in vivo
    Alabsi AM, Ali R, Ideris A, Omar AR, Bejo MH, Yusoff K, et al.
    Leuk. Res., 2012 May;36(5):634-45.
    PMID: 22133641 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2011.11.001
    Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a member of the Paramyxoviridae that has caused severe economic losses in poultry industry worldwide. Several strains of NDV were reported to induce cytolysis to cancerous cell lines. It has prompted much interest as anticancer agent because it can replicate up to 10,000 times better in human cancer cells than in most normal cells. In this study, two NDV strains, viserotropic-velogenic strain AF2240 and lentogenic strain V4-UPM, showed cytolytic activity and apoptosis induction against Mouse myelomoncytic leukemia (WEHI 3B). The cytolytic effects of NDV strains were determined using microtetrazolium (MTT) assay. The cytolytic dose - fifty percent (CD(50)) were 2 and 8HAU for AF2240 and V4-UPM strains, respectively. Cells treated with NDV strains showed apoptotic features compared to the untreated cells under fluorescence microscope. NDV induced activation of caspase-3 and DNA laddering in agarose gel electrophoresis which confirmed the apoptosis. The anti-leukemic activity of both strains was evaluated on myelomoncytic leukemia BALB/c mice. The results indicated that both NDV strains significantly decreased liver and spleen weights. It also decreased blasts cell percentage in blood, bone marrow and spleen smears of treated mice (p<0.05). Histopathological studies for spleen and liver confirmed the hematological results of blood and bone marrow. From the results obtained, the exposure to both NDV stains AF2240 and V4-UPM showed similar results for Ara-c. In conclusion NDV strains AF2240 and V4-UPM can affect WEHI 3B leukemia cells in vitro and in vivo.
  9. Fulltext Prediction equations for lung function in healthy, life time never-smoking Malaysian population
    Gnanou J, Caszo B, Mohamad WH, Nawawi H, Yusoff K, Ismail T
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 2011 Jul;42(4):965-76.
    PMID: 22299480
    Several equations have been used to predict lung function standard results for different populations. It is important lung function evaluations use appropriate standards for the study population. The objective of this study was to develop a prediction equation for lung function test results for the Malaysian population. Spirometry was performed among 5,708 subjects and 1,483 healthy, lifetime never smoked subjects (386 males and 1,097 females). Prediction equations were derived for both men and women for FVC and FEV1 results. The equations were validated on new subjects (n = 532, 222 males and 310 females) who met the same inclusion and exclusion criteria as the main cohort. There was a positive correlation between the measured values and the values derived from the new prediction equations (0.62 for FEV1 and between 0.66 and 0.67 for FVC; both p < 0.05) for both men and women with a smaller bias and limit of agreement compared to the published reference equations of ECCS, Knudson, Crapo and NHANES III. The reference equations derived from local spirometry data were more appropriate than generally used equations based on data from previous studies in different population.
  10. Construction of a novel inducible expression vector for Lactococcus lactis M4 and Lactobacillus plantarum Pa21
    Maidin MS, Song AA, Jalilsood T, Sieo CC, Yusoff K, Rahim RA
    Plasmid, 2014 Jul;74:32-8.
    PMID: 24879963 DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2014.05.003
    A vector that drives the expression of the reporter gusA gene in both Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactococcus lactis was constructed in this study. This vector contained a newly characterized heat shock promoter (Phsp), amplified from an Enterococcus faecium plasmid, pAR6. Functionality and characterization of this promoter was initially performed by cloning Phsp into pNZ8008, a commercial lactococcal plasmid used for screening of putative promoters which utilizes gusA as a reporter. It was observed that Phsp was induced under heat, salinity and alkaline stresses or a combination of all three stresses. The newly characterized Phsp promoter was then used to construct a novel Lactobacillus vector, pAR1801 and its ability to express the gusA under stress-induced conditions was reproducible in both Lb. plantarum Pa21 and L. lactis M4 hosts.
  11. Differentially expressed proteins in ER+ MCF7 and ER- MDA- MB-231 human breast cancer cells by RhoGDI-α silencing and overexpression
    Hooshmand S, Ghaderi A, Yusoff K, Thilakavathy K, Rosli R, Mojtahedi Z
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2014;15(7):3311-7.
    PMID: 24815488
    BACKGROUND: The consequence of Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor alpha (RhoGDIα) activity on migration and invasion of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) and negative (ER-) breast cancer cells has not been studied using the proteomic approach. Changes in expression of RhoGDIα and other proteins interacting directly or indirectly with RhoGDIα in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231, with different metastatic potentials is of particular interest.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: ER+ MCF7 and ER- MDA-MB-231 cell lines were subjected to two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and spots of interest were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of- flight/time- of-flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) analysis after downregulation of RhoGDIα using short interfering RNA (siRNA) and upregulated using GFP-tagged ORF clone of RhoGDIα.

    RESULTS: The results showed a total of 35 proteins that were either up- or down-regulated in these cells. Here we identifed 9 and 15 proteins differentially expressed with silencing of RhoGDIα in MCF-7 and the MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively. In addition, 10 proteins were differentially expressed in the upregulation of RhoGDIα in MCF7, while only one protein was identified in the upregulation of RhoGDIα in MDA-MB-231. Based on the biological functions of these proteins, the results revealed that proteins involved in cell migration are more strongly altered with RhoGDI-α activity. Although several of these proteins have been previously indicated in tumorigenesis and invasiveness of breast cancer cells, some ohave not been previously reported to be involved in breast cancer migration. Hence, these proteins may serve as useful candidate biomarkers for tumorigenesis and invasiveness of breast cancer cells.

    CONCLUSIONS: Future studies are needed to determine the mechanisms by which these proteins regulate cell migration. The combination of RhoGDIα with other potential biomarkers may be a more promising approach in the inhibition of breast cancer cell migration.

  12. Cloning and in silico characterization of two signal peptides from Pediococcus pentosaceus and their function for the secretion of heterologous protein in Lactococcus lactis
    Baradaran A, Sieo CC, Foo HL, Illias RM, Yusoff K, Rahim RA
    Biotechnol Lett, 2013 Feb;35(2):233-8.
    PMID: 23076361 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-012-1059-4
    Fifty signal peptides of Pediococcus pentosaceus were characterized by in silico analysis and, based on the physicochemical analysis, (two potential signal peptides Spk1 and Spk3 were identified). The coding sequences of SP were amplified and fused to the gene coding for green fluorescent protein (GFP) and cloned into Lactococcus lactis pNZ8048 and pMG36e vectors, respectively. Western blot analysis indicated that the GFP proteins were secreted using both heterologous SPs. ELISA showed that the secretion efficiency of GFP using Spk1 (0.64 μg/ml) was similar to using Usp45 (0.62 μg/ml) and Spk3 (0.58 μg/ml).
  13. Mutagenesis of the nucleocapsid protein of Nipah virus involved in capsid assembly
    Ong ST, Yusoff K, Kho CL, Abdullah JO, Tan WS
    J Gen Virol, 2009 Feb;90(Pt 2):392-397.
    PMID: 19141448 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.005710-0
    The nucleocapsid protein of Nipah virus produced in Escherichia coli assembled into herringbone-like particles. The amino- and carboxy-termini of the N protein were shortened progressively to define the minimum contiguous sequence involved in capsid assembly. The first 29 aa residues of the N protein are dispensable for capsid formation. The 128 carboxy-terminal residues do not play a role in the assembly of the herringbone-like particles. A region with amino acid residues 30-32 plays a crucial role in the formation of the capsid particle. Deletion of any of the four conserved hydrophobic regions in the N protein impaired capsid formation. Replacement of the central conserved regions with the respective sequences from the Newcastle disease virus restored capsid formation.
  14. Localization of the antigenic sites of newcastle disease virus nucleocapsid using a panel of monoclonal antibodies
    Ahmad-Raus R, Ali AM, Tan WS, Salleh HM, Eshaghi M, Yusoff K
    Res Vet Sci, 2009 Feb;86(1):174-82.
    PMID: 18599098 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2008.05.013
    A panel of six monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the nucleocapsid (NP) protein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was produced by immunization of Balb/c mice with purified recombinant NP protein. Western Blot analysis showed that all the mAbs recognized linearized NP epitopes. Three different NP antigenic sites were identified using deleted truncated NP mutants purified from Escherichia coli. One of the antigenic sites was located at the C-terminal end (residues 441 to 489) of the NP protein. Two other antigenic sites were located within the N-terminal end (residues 26-121 and 122-375). This study demonstrates that the N- and C-terminal ends of the NP proteins are responsible in eliciting immune response, thus it is most likely that these ends are exposed on the NP.
  15. Fulltext Identification and characterisation of a novel anti-viral peptide against avian influenza virus H9N2
    Rajik M, Jahanshiri F, Omar AR, Ideris A, Hassan SS, Yusoff K
    Virol J, 2009;6:74.
    PMID: 19497129 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422X-6-74
    Avian influenza viruses (AIV) cause high morbidity and mortality among the poultry worldwide. Their highly mutative nature often results in the emergence of drug resistant strains, which have the potential of causing a pandemic. The virus has two immunologically important glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), and one ion channel protein M2 which are the most important targets for drug discovery, on its surface. In order to identify a peptide-based virus inhibitor against any of these surface proteins, a disulfide constrained heptapeptide phage display library was biopanned against purified AIV sub-type H9N2 virus particles.
  16. Detection and differentiation of velogenic and lentogenic Newcastle disease viruses using SYBR Green I real-time PCR with nucleocapsid gene-specific primers
    Tan SW, Ideris A, Omar AR, Yusoff K, Hair-Bejo M
    J Virol Methods, 2009 Sep;160(1-2):149-56.
    PMID: 19447142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.05.006
    SYBR Green I real-time PCR was developed for detection and differentiation of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Primers based on the nucleocapsid (NP) gene were designed to detect specific sequence of velogenic strains and lentogenic/vaccine strains, respectively. The assay was developed and tested with NDV strains which were characterized previously. The velogenic strains were detected only by using velogenic-specific primers with a threshold cycle (C(t)) 18.19+/-3.63 and a melting temperature (T(m)) 86.0+/-0.28 degrees C. All the lentogenic/vaccine strains, in contrast, were detected only when lentogenic-specific primers were used, with the C(t) value 14.70+/-2.32 and T(m) 87.4+/-0.21 degrees C. The assay had a dynamic detection range which spans over a 5log(10) concentration range, 10(9)-10(5) copies of DNA plasmid/reaction. The velogenic and lentogenic amplifications showed high PCR efficiency of 100% and 104%, respectively. The velogenic and lentogenic amplifications were highly reproducible with assay variability 0.45+/-0.31% and 1.30+/-0.65%, respectively. The SYBR Green I real-time PCR assay detected successfully the virus from tissue samples and oral swabs collected from the velogenic and lentogenic NDV experimental infection, respectively. In addition, the assay detected and differentiated accurately NDV pathotypes from suspected field samples where the results were in good agreement with both virus isolation and analysis of the fusion (F) cleavage site sequence. The assay offers an attractive alternative method for the diagnosis of NDV.
  17. Glycosylation is not necessary for recognition of the fusion glycoprotein domain of the human respiratory syncytial virus by a polyclonal antibody
    Lim SH, Jahanshiri F, Jalilian FA, Rahim RA, Sekawi Z, Yusoff K
    Acta Virol., 2010;54(3):181-7.
    PMID: 20822310
    Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is a leading pathogen causing lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children worldwide. In line with the development of an effective vaccine against HRSV, a domain of the fusion (F) glycoprotein of HRSV was produced and its immunogenicity and antigenic properties, namely the effect of deficient glycosylation was examined. A His-tagged recombinant F (rF) protein was expressed in Escherichia coli, solubilized with 8 mol/l urea, purified by the Ni-NTA affinity chromatography and used for the raising of a polyclonal antibody in rabbits. The non-glycosylated rF protein proved to be a strong immunogen that induced a polyclonal antibody that was able to recognize also the glycosylated F1 subunit of native HRSV. The other way around, a polyclonal antibody prepared against the native HRSV was able to react with the rF protein. These results indicated that glycosylation was not necessary for the F domain aa 212-574 in order to be recognized by the specific polyclonal antibody.
  18. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of Newcastle disease virus genotypes isolated in Malaysia between 2004 and 2005
    Tan SW, Ideris A, Omar AR, Yusoff K, Hair-Bejo M
    Arch Virol, 2010;155(1):63-70.
    PMID: 19898736 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-009-0540-4
    Sequence analysis of the fusion (F) gene of eight Malaysian NDV isolates showed that all the isolates were categorized as velogenic viruses, with the F cleavage site motif (112)R-R-Q-K-R(116) or (112)R-R-R-K-R(116) at the C-terminus of the F(2) protein and phenylalanine (F) at residue 117 at the N-terminus of the F(1) protein. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all of the isolates were grouped in two distinct clusters under sub-genotype VIId. The isolates were about 4.8-11.7% genetically distant from sub-genotypes VIIa, VIIb, VIIc and VIIe. When the nucleotide sequences of the eight Malaysian isolates were compared phylogenetically to those of the old published local isolates, it was found that genotype VIII, VII, II and I viruses exist in Malaysia and caused sporadic infections. It is suggested that genotype VII viruses were responsible for most of the outbreaks in recent years.
  19. Fulltext Live recombinant Lactococcus lactis vaccine expressing aerolysin genes D1 and D4 for protection against Aeromonas hydrophila in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
    Anuradha K, Foo HL, Mariana NS, Loh TC, Yusoff K, Hassan MD, et al.
    J Appl Microbiol, 2010 Nov;109(5):1632-42.
    PMID: 20602654 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04789.x
    To evaluate a live recombinant Lactococcus lactis vaccine expressing aerolysin genes D1 (Lac-D1ae) and/or D4 (Lac-D4ae) in protection against Aeromonas hydrophila in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).
  20. Structural analysis of peptides that interact with Newcastle disease virus
    Chia SL, Tan WS, Shaari K, Abdul Rahman N, Yusoff K, Satyanarayanajois SD
    Peptides, 2006 Jun;27(6):1217-25.
    PMID: 16377031
    A peptide with the sequence CTLTTKLYC has previously been identified to inhibit the propagation of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in embryonated chicken eggs and tissue culture. NDV has been classified into two main groups: the velogenic group, and mesogenic with lentogenic strains as the other group based on its dissociation constants. In this study the peptide, CTLTTKLYC, displayed on the pIII protein of a filamentous M13 phage was synthesized and mutated in order to identify the amino acid residues involved in the interactions with NDV. Mutations of C1 and K6 to A1 and A6 did not affect the binding significantly, but substitution of Y8 with A8 dramatically reduced the interaction. This suggests that Y8 plays an important role in the peptide-virus interaction. The three-dimensional structure of the peptide was determined using circular dichroism (CD), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and molecular modeling. The peptide exhibited two possible conformers. One that consists of consecutive beta-turns around T2-L3-T4-T5 and K6-L7-Y8-C9. The other conformer exhibited a beta-hairpin bend type of structure with a bend around L3-T4-T5-K6.
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