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Infant feeding practices among nursing personnel in Malaysia

Sinniah D, Chon FM, Arokiasamy J

Acta Paediatr Scand, 1980 Jul;69(4):525-9.
PMID: 7446101

Concerned by the alarming decline in breast feeding in the urban and rural areas of Malaysia, we conducted a critical review of infant feeding practices among nursing personnel from representative centres using questionnaires. It was found that although 75% of mothers breast-fed their babies at birth only 19% did so at 2 months and 5% at 6 months respectively. Chinese mothers initiated breast feeding less frequently compared with Indian or Malay mothers. The prevalence of breast feeding was higher among lower category nurses, lower income groups and those from health centres. Decision for breast feeding was based in most instances on conviction derived from reading, lectures or advice from relatives. The vast majority of mothers listed "work' as the main reason for termination of breast feeding followed by "insufficient breast milk' and satisfactory past experience with bottle feeding. The ramifications of these findings and measures to improve the prevalence and duration of breast feeding are discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, General
Fulltext Epidemiology of psoriasis in Malaysia: a hospital based study

Sinniah B, Saraswathy Devi S, Prashant BS

Med J Malaysia, 2010 Jun;65(2):112-4.
PMID: 23756793 MyJurnal

BACKGROUND: Psoriasis is a complex chronic inflammatory skin disease with a worldwide distribution.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of psoriasis according to age, gender and ethnicity among outpatients attending the dermatology clinic in Hospital Tengku Ampuan Rahimah, Klang Malaysia.
STUDY POPULATION: All outpatients attending the specialist clinic of the dermatology department in Hospital Tengku Ampuan Rahimah, Klang, Malaysia from January 2003 to December 2005.
METHODS: This is a retrospective descriptive study of all outpatients who attended the specialist clinic from January 2003 to December 2005 and diagnosed for psoriasis. The study population consisted of patients of all ages, both gender and different ethnic groups (Malay, Chinese, Indians and foreign workers) living in the Klang Valley and the surrounding areas.
RESULTS: A total of 5607 patients were examined during a period of three years and 9.5% were found to be suffering with psoriasis. It was more common in males (11.6%) than in females (7.2%). Patients within the 40-60 year age group had the highest (17.2%) rate and were lower in the younger age group including those aged over 60 years (8.1%). With regards to ethnicity, it was more common in Indians followed by Malays, Chinese and migrant foreign workers respectively. The study indicates that psoriasis is common in Malaysia and its distribution varies with age, ethnicity and gender.

Study site: dermatology department in Hospital Tengku Ampuan Rahimah,

Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, General
Fulltext Eye injuries with retained intraocular foreign material

Singh M

Med J Malaysia, 1986 Mar;41(1):33-7.
PMID: 3796345

A retrospective study of 37 intraocular foreign bodies treated over a five-year period is presented. Their aetiology, complications and visual results are discussed in the light of recent development in the management of serious ocular trauma.
Study site: Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (UKM unit)

Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, General
Fulltext Acute appendicitis and the leucocyte count

Singh KJ

Med J Malaysia, 1980 Mar;34(3):314-6.
PMID: 7412672

The total and differential leucocyte counts were estimated in 100 consecutive cases operated for acute appendicitis. Leucocytosis was seen in 52% of cases. 480/0 of patients had a leucocyte count below 10000 per c. mm. A study of the differential count was also made to see if this parameter could be used as a specific diagnostic aid. Though the neutrophil count was high in 74% of the cases, the comparative count among the below 10000 per c.mm. group was not significant. It is concluded that the total and differential counts are of limited value in the assessment of these patients. It is suggested that such estimation be used as a supportive aid only. In those doubtful cases with normal or low counts, frequent clinical reviews should be done and reliance placed on clinical assessment rather than laboratory information.

Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, General
Fulltext Side effects of short course tuberculosis chemotherapy

Simon GK, Lye MS, Ahmad N

Med J Malaysia, 1991 Mar;46(1):88-94.
PMID: 1836044

A retrospective study of 300 tuberculosis patients on short course chemotherapy registered in 1985 at the Chest Clinic, General Hospital Alor Setar, Kedah was carried out with the purpose of identifying patient characteristics, determining incidence of side-effects and modifying treatment regimens in order to minimise these side-effects. One hundred and sixteen (38.7%) patients developed side effects. Twenty seven (9%) had side effects severe enough to warrant a change in treatment regimen. Treatment modifications and ways to minimise or control side effects are discussed.
Study site: Chest clinic, Hospital Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, General
Fulltext Care of severe head injury patients in the Sarawak General Hospital: intensive care unit versus general ward

Sim SK, Lim SL, Lee HK, Liew D, Wong A

Med J Malaysia, 2011 Jun;66(2):138-41.
PMID: 22106695 MyJurnal

Intensive care for severe head injury patients is very important in the prevention and treatment of secondary brain injury. However, in a resources constraint environment and limited availability of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) beds in the hospitals, not all severe head injury patients will receive ICU care. This prospective study is aimed to evaluate the outcome of severe head injured patients who received ICU and general ward care in Sarawak General Hospital (SGH) over a 6-month period. A total of thirty five severe head injury patients were admitted. Twenty three patients (65.7%) were ventilated in general ward whereas twelve patients (34.3%) were ventilated in ICU. Overall one month mortality in this study was 25.7%. Patients who received ICU care had a lower one month mortality than those who received general ward care (16.7% vs 30.4%), although it was not statistically different. Multivariate analysis revealed only GCS on admission (OR 0.731; 95% CI 0.460 to 0.877; P=0.042) as the independent predictive factor for one month mortality in this study.

Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, General*
Psychological symptoms among healthcare workers handling COVID-19 patients

Sim SK, Lau BL, Zaila SR, Hazira N, Aniqah NM, Panicker J, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2021 03;76(2):138-144.
PMID: 33742619

INTRODUCTION: Healthcare workers serve as the frontliners against the coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) and this puts them most at risk of infection as they attend to numerous patients with unknown status. This study aimed to examine stress, anxiety, and depression among healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients in Sarawak General Hospital (SGH), Malaysia.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional observational study conducted in SGH during the pandemic with an online self-administered questionnaire composed of two parts, the socio-demographic characteristics, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS).
RESULTS: A total of 105 healthcare workers responded to this study. A questionnaire in both Bahasa Melayu and English was used. The findings showed that all healthcare workers had mild anxiety, with the majority experiencing mild stress (57.1%), and almost half of the respondents experiencing mild depression (41%). Female subjects had a significant higher mean score in anxiety level and stress level compared to male subjects (10.0±3.20 vs. 8.6±2.93, p<0.05; 14.1±4.76 vs. 10.7±3.70, p<0.05, respectively). Staff who were transferred from other units to handle COVID-19 cases experienced more psychological symptoms. There were significant correlations between the depression, anxiety and stress levels among the healthcare workers and the number of children they had (r=0.739, p=0.001; r=0.642, p=0.001; r=1, p =0.001 respectively). However, the stress level among the healthcare workers was reversely correlated with their years of working experience (r=-0.199, p=0.042).
CONCLUSION: This study identified some socio-demographic factors associated with increased levels of stress, anxiety and depression among the healthcare workers during pandemic, which may lay ground for future interventions.

Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, General
Fulltext Stomach gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) intussuscepted into duodenum : a case report

Siam FA, Siow SL

Malays J Med Sci, 2008 Oct;15(4):68-70.
PMID: 22589640

Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) are tumours of gastrointestinal tract and mesentery. The commonest site of its occurrence is the stomach. Patients with GIST are usually asymptomatic but they can present as abdominal pain, bleeding and rarely gastric outlet obstruction. In this particular case, the patient presents with symptoms of anaemia, partial gastric outlet obstruction and intermittent epigastric pain. Laparotomy was performed and a diagnosis of gastroduodenal intussusception secondary to gastrointestinal stromal tumour was made.

Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, General
Fulltext Antibiotic sensitivity and spectrum of bacterial isolates in otorhinolaryngological infection: a retrospective study

Sia KJ, Tang IP, Prepageran N

Med J Malaysia, 2013;68(1):6-9.
PMID: 23466758 MyJurnal

OBJECTIVES: To identify the common bacteria of otorhinolaryngological (ORL) infection in three general hospitals in the state of Sarawak, East Malaysia and to determine the antibiotic sensitivity of the common bacteria to update local antibiotic policy.
METHODS: All specimens with positive monoclonal culture, received from inpatient and outpatient Otorhinolaryngology Department in the year 2009 and 2010 were included in the study. Patients' demographics, nature of specimens, bacterial isolates and antibiotic sensitivity were analysed by using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).
RESULTS: A total 244 positive monoclonal cultures were identified. Staphylococcus species and Gram negative bacilli were the commonest bacteria of ORL infections. Common ORL bacteria remain sensitive to our front line antibiotics. There are a number of multi-drug resistant isolates of MRSA, ESBL Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumanii in the hospital-acquired infections.
CONCLUSION: Although resistance to antimicrobial agents is growing worldwide, first line antibiotics still show significant therapeutic advantage in our local setting. The low resistance of bacterial isolates in our community reflects judicious use of antibiotics in our routine clinical practices.

Study site: Sarawak General Hospital, Sibu Hospital and Miri Hospital

Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, General
Changes in anterior chamber depth and intraocular pressure after phacoemulsification in eyes with occludable angles

Shin HC, Subrayan V, Tajunisah I

J Cataract Refract Surg, 2010 Aug;36(8):1289-95.
PMID: 20656150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2010.02.024

PURPOSE: To evaluate changes in anterior chamber depth (ACD) and intraocular pressure (IOP) after phacoemulsification in eyes with occludable angles and compare the results with those in eyes with normal open angles.
SETTING: Eye Clinic, Ipoh General Hospital, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia.
METHODS: Patients with nonglaucomatous eyes with open angles or with occludable angles were recruited. Ocular biometric measurements (ACD, axial length [AL], lens thickness and position) and IOP (tonometry) were performed preoperatively and 1 day and 1, 4, 9, and 12 weeks postoperatively.
RESULTS: The open-angle group and occludable-angle group each comprised 35 patients. The occludable-angle group had a shallower ACD, shorter AL, thicker and relatively anterior lens position, and higher IOP preoperatively; postoperatively, there was a significant increase in ACD and a significant reduction in IOP (P

Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, General
Fulltext The role of repeat head computed tomography in the management of mild traumatic brain injury patients with a positive initial head CT

Sharifuddin A, Adnan J, Ghani AR, Abdullah JM

Med J Malaysia, 2012 Jun;67(3):305-8.
PMID: 23082423 MyJurnal

This was a prospective observational study done to evaluate the role of a repeat head CT in patients with mild traumatic brain injury. The aim was to evaluate wether the repeat head CT were useful in providing information that leads to any neurosurgical intervention. 279 adult patients with a mild head injury (GCS 13-15) were enrolled, and these comprised of patients with an initial traumatic intracranial haemorrhage not warranting any surgical intervention. All patients were subjected to a repeat head CT within 48 hours of admission and these showed no change or improvements of the brain lesion in 217 patients (79.2%) and worsening in 62 patients (20.8%). In thirty-one patients, surgical intervention was done following the repeat head CT. All of these patients had a clinical deterioration prior to the repeat head CT. Even if a repeat head CT had not been ordered on these patients, they would have had a repeat head CT due to deteriorating neurological status. When the 62 patients with a worsening repeat head CT were compared with the 217 patients with an improved or unchanged repeat head CT, they were found to have older age, lower GCS on admission, presenting symptoms of headache, higher incidence of multiple traumatic intracranial pathology and lower haemoglobin level on admission. On stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis, three factors were found to independently predict a worse repeat head CT (Table IV). This includes age of 65 years or older, GCS score of less than 15 and multiple traumatic intracranial lesion on initial head CT. As a conclusion, we recommend that, in patients with a MTBI and a normal neurological examination, a repeat cranial CT is not indicated, as it resulted in no change in management or neurosurgical intervention. Close monitoring is warranted in a subset of patients with risk factors for a worsening repeat head CT.
Keywords: Computed tomography, brain injury, Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, General
Fulltext The Contribution of Forensic Odontology in the Highland Towers Condominium Disaster

Sharifah F. Alhabshi, Nambiar, Pharabhakaran

Ann Dent, 1995;2(1):-.
MyJurnal

An apartment complex collapsed in Malaysia killing 48 people trapped inside.The dental disaster victim identification team comprising of officers from the Kuala Lumpur General Hospital, Armed Forces and the Dental
Faculty, University of Malaya played a very active role in the identification process. Most of the bodies were badly decomposed and some grossly disfigured. Problems were encountered due to inadequate facilities and
equipments at the mortuary.Difficulties were also encountered during the procurement and deciphering of information from dental records. Suggestions have been made to improve facilities, expertise and also to create awareness amongst dentists to ensure proper recording of their patients' dental status.

Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, General
Fulltext Compliance towards methadone maintenance therapy and its associated factors in Selangor primary care centers and Kuala Lumpur hospital

Sharifa Ezat WP, Noor Azimah H, Rushidi R, Raminder K, Ruhani I

Med J Malaysia, 2009 Mar;64(1):65-70.
PMID: 19852326 MyJurnal

This paper seeks to determine the client's compliance level towards Methadone Maintenance Therapy (MMT) and identify its associated factors. A cross sectional study was conducted from June to September 2007 where 288 samples were interviewed. The outcomes were divided into good compliance and partial compliance categories. Overall client's compliance level is good at 86.1%. There are significant difference between mean age of groups (t = -2.041, p = 0.04); and significant associations of job's status (chi2 = 9.54, p = 0.008); client's confident score (t = -3.12, p = 0.023), client'ssocial function score (t = -2.308, p = 0.002) and client's social function level (chi2 = 5.43, p = 0.02) with compliance toward program. With multivariate analysis, only client's age, client's confidence score and client's job status were related to compliance status. It was concluded that there is high compliance rate among client's who received the program. Younger clients, low scores on client's confident and social function, and clients with unsteady jobs are at risk not to comply with treatment.

Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, General
Fulltext The use of complementary and alternative medicine among Malay breast cancer survivors

Shaharudin SH, Sulaiman S, Emran NA, Shahril MR, Hussain SN

Altern Ther Health Med, 2011 Jan-Feb;17(1):50-6.
PMID: 21614944

BACKGROUND: A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use by breast cancer survivors.
METHODS: A descriptive survey design was developed. Information on socio-demographic characteristics, cancer clinical treatment history, and use of CAM were obtained through a modified self-administered questionnaire from 116 Malay breast cancer survivors aged 21 to 67 years who were 2 years postdiagnosis and currently undergoing follow-up treatment at breast cancer clinics at Hospital Kuala Lumpur and Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre.
RESULTS: Data suggest that 64% of the participants were identified as CAM users; dietary supplements were the most common form used, followed by prayer and Malay traditional medicine. Within the wide range of dietary supplements, multivitamins were most often taken followed by spirulina, vitamin C, evening primrose oil, and herbal products. Contrary to other findings, the CAM users were found to be older, had secondary education levels, and were from middle-income households. However, there was no significant difference between CAM users and nonusers in this study. Family members played an important role as the main source of information along with doctors/health care providers, friends, and printed materials/mass media. The reasons participants gave for using CAM were mainly to assist in healing the body's inner strength, to cure cancer, and to reduce stress. Only half of the participants consulted with their physicians regarding the safety of CAM use. The participants began to use CAM while undergoing clinical treatments. Most of the participants used CAM for more than a year. About RM100 to RM149 (31.88 USD to 47.50 USD at press time) were spent monthly on CAM by 32% of the participants. The CAM use was found to be effective and beneficial for patients' disease states, and they were contented with the usage of the CAM therapies. Multivariate analysis revealed that thedecision to use or not to use CAM was not dependent on sociodemographic background or cancer clinical treatment history.
CONCLUSIONS: CAM was commonly used by breast cancer survivors as a coping mechanism to battle the disease.
Study site: Breast cancer clinics, Hospital Kuala Lumpur and Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, General
Fulltext High proportion of adults with type 2 diabetes and poor glycated hemoglobin perceived that their diabetes control was excellent

Shahar MA, Omar AM, Loh HH

Can J Diabetes, 2019 Mar;43(2):98-104.e7.
PMID: 30145243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2018.06.003

OBJECTIVES: As is true for other chronic illnesses, perception of disease control is pivotal to patient empowerment in diabetes care. This study aimed to describe the perception of diabetes control by patients with poor glycated hemoglobin (A1C) levels so as to explore the relationship between perception and various sociodemographic and disease characteristics and to measure the patients' knowledge, attitudes and practices in diabetes care.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was made involving 276 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. After obtaining informed consent, their sociodemographics, medical histories and most recent available blood investigations were documented. Patients were asked about their perceptions of diabetes control-whether it was excellent, moderate or poor. A Malay-language knowledge, attitudes and practice questionnaire was administered to respondents. Analyses were descriptive and exploratory.
RESULTS: The median age of the subjects and the durations of diabetes were 56 (interquartile range, 48-62) years and 8 (interquartile range, 4-13) years, respectively. The median A1C level was 9.5% (interquartile range, 8.3%-11.4%). Despite having poor A1C levels, 28.4% of patients perceived that their diabetes control was excellent; 58.9% perceived it as moderate, and only 12.7% accurately perceived it as poor. A significant number of those with higher education had wrong perceptions, indicating that other factors, such as effective communication, need to be considered. The absence of an association between perception and duration of diabetes suggests that information given over the years did not contribute to patients' understanding of disease control. Younger patients had better knowledge scores. Those with higher education levels had higher quartiles of knowledge and attitude but not practice scores.
CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated discordance between perceived diabetes control and actual A1C levels, which may hinder effective diabetes care.
Study site: a tertiary referral center and a primary care centre in Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, General
Fulltext Evaluating the effect of chlorpheniramine on patch test reactions amongst eczema patients sensitised to nickel

Shafinaz, S., Chan, L.C., Adawiyah, J., Norazirah, M.N.

Medicine & Health, 2018;13(1):71-76.
MyJurnal

Discontinuing antihistamines for patch testing (PT) in allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is more conventional than evidence based. Data suggests that non-sedating antihistamines do not interfere with PT. Investigating the effects of sedating antihistamines are more relevant as these are recommended for eczema. We aimed to evaluate the effect of chlorpheniramine on PT, to determine the prevalence of nickel sensitization and common sensitizing allergens. An open labeled cohort study was conducted at two dermatology clinics. Patients indicated for PT underwent standard protocol where antihistamines were discontinued. Patients sensitised to nickel were subjected to a second nickel PT while taking chlorpheniramine. Results were evaluated using the North American Contact Dermatitis Research Group (NACDRG) score, a Mexameter measured erythema and pruritus was assessed using a visual analogue score. A total 82 patients were recruited, 28 (34.1%) were sensitised to nickel. The mean age was 40 ± 17.7 years with 22(26.8%) males and 60 (73.2%) females. Indications for PT included suspected ACD (57.3%), hand and feet eczema (34.1%) and severe eczema with suspected superimposed ACD (6.1%). The commonest sensitizing allergens were methyldibromoglutaronitrile (40.2%) nickel sulphate (34.1%), potassium dichromate (29.3%) and formaldehyde (24.4%). A second PT was performed on 23 patients. There was no difference in the NACDRG score with chlorpheniramine or without chlorpheniramine (p=0.968). Pruritus score was reduced by 1.39 ± 2.9, p=0.031 with chlorpheniramine. The degree of erythema was 611.46 ± 21.59 with chlorpheniramine versus 613.87 ± 27.5 without chlorpheniramine, p=0.671. Chlorpheniramine did not affect PT based on clinical and objective scorings. It has the additional benefit of reducing test-induced itch.
Study site: Dermatology clinics, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM), Kuala Lumpur and Hospital Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, General
Comparison of the effectiveness of trauma services provided by secondary and tertiary hospitals in Malaysia

Sethi D, Aljunid S, Saperi SB, Clemens F, Hardy P, Elbourne D, et al.

Ann Emerg Med, 2007 Jan;49(1):52-61, 61.e1.
PMID: 17084938

STUDY OBJECTIVE: The trauma services provided by 6 hospitals operating at 2 levels of care (4 secondary or district general hospitals and 2 tertiary care hospitals) in Malaysia are compared in terms of mortality and disability for direct admissions to emergency departments to test the hypothesis that care at a tertiary care hospital is better than at a district general hospital.
METHODS: All cases were recruited prospectively for 1 year. The hospitals were purposefully selected as typical for Malaysia. There are 3 primary outcome measures: death, musculoskeletal impairment, and disability at discharge. Adjustment was made for potential covariates and within-hospital clustering by using multivariable random-effects logistic regression analysis.
RESULTS: For direct admissions, logistic-regression-identified odds of dying were associated with older age (>55 years), odds ratio (OR) 1.9 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3 to 2.8); head injury, OR 2.7 (95% CI 1.9 to 3.9); arrival by means other than ambulance, OR 0.6 (95% CI 0.4 to 0.8); severe injuries (Injury Severity Score >15) at a district general hospital, OR 45.2 (95% CI 27.0 to 75.7); severe injuries at a tertiary care hospital, OR 11.2 (95% CI 7.3 to 17.3); and admission to a tertiary care hospital compared to a district general hospital if severely injured (Injury Severity Score >15), OR 0.2 (95% CI 0.1 to 0.4). Admission to a tertiary care hospital was associated with increased odds of disability (OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.5 to 2.3) and musculoskeletal impairment (OR 3.5; 95% CI 2.7 to 4.4) at discharge.
CONCLUSION: Care at a tertiary care hospital was associated with reduced mortality (by 83% in severe injuries), but with a higher likelihood of disability and impairment, which has implications for improving access to trauma services for the severely injured in Malaysia and other low- and middle-income settings.

Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, General/standards*
Comparison of the effectiveness of major trauma services provided by tertiary and secondary hospitals in malaysia

Sethi D, Aljunid S, Saperi SB, Zwi AB, Hamid H, Mustafa AN, et al.

J Trauma, 2002 Sep;53(3):508-16.
PMID: 12352489

The effectiveness of trauma services provided by three hospitals operating at different levels of care, district general (DGH), tertiary care, and central tertiary, were compared in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, General/classification; Hospitals, General/standards
The seasonal prevalence of malaria in the Federated Malay States

Selwyn-Clarke PS

Malayan Medical Journal, 1931;6:67-81.

Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, General
Fulltext Jaundice clearance and cholangitis in the first year following portoenterostomy for biliary atresia

Selvalingam S, Mahmud MN, Thambidorai CR, Zakaria Z, Mohan N, Isa, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2002 Mar;57(1):92-6.
PMID: 14569724 MyJurnal

Sixty-one patients with biliary atresia, who underwent portoenterostomy (PE) between 1992 to 1998 in the Institute of Pediatrics, Kuala Lumpur and were followed for a period of one year, were studied to analyze the factors associated with jaundice clearance and cholangitis following PE. Sex distribution was equal. Majority of patients were Malays. Mean age in days at admission to the surgical ward was 66.90 +/- 23.36 and mean age at PE was 75.85 +/- 24.05. At the end of one-year follow-up, six patients (10%) had died, 35 (57%) developed one or more attacks of cholangitis, 35 (57%) had portal hypertension, eight (13%) liver failure and six patients had esophageal variceal bleeding. Thirty-three patients (54%) had jaundice clearance with a mean clearance time of 85 days after PE. The study shows that when the ductules in the porta hepatis were < 150 mu in size, persistence of jaundice after PE and the incidence of cholangitis in the first post-operative year were higher; patients with cholangitis in the first year had lower rate of jaundice clearance. Jaundice clearance was achieved in more patients when their postnatal age at the time of PE was lower but the relationship was not linear. Age at PE also did not have a linear temporal relationship to the incidence of cholangitis and the size of portal ductules. Prospective, multi-center based local studies on a bigger patient population are needed to identify other indicators of successful outcome following PE. This would help to define the indications for primary liver transplantation in the local population.

Matched MeSH terms: Hospitals, General

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