Displaying publications 141 - 160 of 605 in total

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  1. Diabetic Hand Infection: An Emerging Challenge
    Bahar Moni AS, Hoque M, Mollah RA, Ivy RS, Mujib I
    J Hand Surg Asian Pac Vol, 2019 Sep;24(3):317-322.
    PMID: 31438802 DOI: 10.1142/S2424835519500401
    Background: Hand infection in diabetics is an often ignored but challenging condition. If not addressed effectively, it may result in long term disability, contracture, amputation and even death. Methods: From August 2014 to December 2015, a study was done in our centre, where 49 diabetic hand infection cases were analyzed in two groups, superficial and deep hand infection. Results: Mean age of the patients was 51.63 years. There were 21 superficial infections and 28 deep infections. Cause of infection was unknown or spontaneous in 16 cases, traumatic laceration or crush in 14 patients, following minor prick in 10 cases. Most of the cases were the results of neglected minor wound. Forty-one patients were insulin dependent. Five cases were diagnosed as diabetic at the time of treatment. Four patients were treated conservatively and 45 (92%) cases required operation in the form of incision, drainage and debridement. In 16 (35%) cases, wound was left open and was healed by secondary intention following regular dressing. In five patients, wound was closed secondarily. Partial thickness skin graft was applied in 15 cases. Seven patients were treated with flap coverage. Partial digital or ray amputation were done in 16 cases. All fingers except thumb were amputated in one case and amputation from wrist was done in another patient. Wound swabs were taken, and antibiotics were changed or continued accordingly. But reports of 26 cases were available. No growth was found in four cases, monomicrobial infection was found in 15 patients and polymicrobial in seven cases. Infection resolved with healing in 47 cases. Two patients died during treatment from sepsis, both were insulin dependent, had associated renal failure and from deep infection group. One patient developed severe mental disorder. Conclusions: For diabetic hand infection, early diagnosis and prompt treatment with appropriate antibiotics and emergency surgery with extensile incision is crucial. Primary amputation of the part could be life and limb saving.
    Matched MeSH terms: Wound Infection/diagnosis; Wound Infection/etiology*; Wound Infection/therapy*
  2. Mortality in rheumatoid arthritis: time to take it seriously
    Arshad A, Shahid MS
    APLAR Journal of Rheumatology, 2005;8(3):154-158.
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1479-8077.2005.00158.x
    Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is often regarded as benign and not a serious disease. Yet patients with RA have a substantially reduced life expectancy. Patients with RA are particularly at risk of death from cardiovascular disease, infection and renal disease. A few variables are now recognized as important predictive markers, such as disease duration, severity, sex, educational level and treatment., Copyright (C) 2005 Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Matched MeSH terms: Infection
  3. Canine and feline cutaneous screw-worm myiasis in Malaysia: clinical aspects in 76 cases
    Han HS, Toh PY, Yoong HB, Loh HM, Tan LL, Ng YY
    Vet Dermatol, 2018 Oct;29(5):442-e148.
    PMID: 30066413 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12672
    BACKGROUND: Cutaneous screw-worm myiasis in companion animals either due to the New World screw-worm, Cochliomyia hominivorax or the Old World screw-worm, Chrysomya bezziana, has been reported particularly in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Although treatment of screw-worm myiasis in dogs has been described, few studies have been conducted regarding its clinical and epidemiological aspects in companion animals.

    OBJECTIVES: To describe clinical and epidemiological aspects of canine and feline screw-worm myiasis.

    ANIMALS: Naturally infested dogs and cats, presented to five veterinary clinics in four Malaysian states from September 2017 to February 2018.

    METHODS AND MATERIALS: Cutaneous screw-worm myiasis was diagnosed based on clinical signs and visual examination of burrowing larvae within lesion. Age, breed, gender, anatomical site of infestation and suspected underlying predisposing causes were investigated.

    RESULTS: A total of 55 dogs and 21 cats were included in the study. Intact male mixed breed dogs (mean age 58 months) and intact male domestic short hair cats (mean age 24 months) with suspected fight-related wounds were most commonly presented with exudative and ulcerative lesions associated with screw-worm myiasis. The most common anatomical sites of infestation in the dogs were the external ear canals, followed by the perineum and medial canthus. For the cats, the most commonly affected areas were paws and tail. Five cats with screw-worm myiasis were concurrently infected with sporotrichosis.

    CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Aggression between unneutered animals is a likely underlying cause for cutaneous screw-worm myiasis in both cats and dogs. Sporotrichosis was also a potential predisposing cause for screw-worm myiasis in cats.

    Matched MeSH terms: Screw Worm Infection/epidemiology; Screw Worm Infection/pathology; Screw Worm Infection/veterinary*
  4. COVID-19 testing strategy in response to infection among healthcare workers in a large non-COVID-designated hospital
    Foo DHP, King TL, Lee HC, Santhramogan P, Ganasan V, Fong AYY, et al.
    Hosp Pract (1995), 2021 Apr;49(2):110-118.
    PMID: 33249880 DOI: 10.1080/21548331.2020.1857999
    Sarawak General Hospital, which is the only public access tertiary referral center in Sarawak State for all clinical specialties, was designated a hybrid hospital to treat both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients. During the initial surge of patients admitted with COVID-19, there was also a corresponding increase in health-care workers (HCWs) detected with COVID-19 infection. The latter being isolated, and the large number of staff members that had come into contact with COVID-19 being quarantined from work, placed further strain on the health-care services. The staff mass screening strategy was a policy decision made by the hospital in response to infection among HCWs, and it aimed to reduce in-hospital transmission (particularly among asymptomatic staff), mitigate workforce depletion due to quarantining, and protect the health-care workforce. In this study, we assessed the detection rate of COVID-19 infection from staff mass testing over a five-week period, and described our experience of adopting this surveillance screening strategy alongside ongoing contact tracing and symptomatic screening strategies. Although it was thought that such periodic staff surveillance might be helpful in protecting the health-care workforce within a short period, the long-term implications, especially in settings with limited resources, is significant and therefore explored in this paper. Our findings might provide an evidence-based reference for the future planning of an optimal strategy with the least compromise in care for a larger proportion of non-COVID-19 patients amid efforts against COVID-19 in a large non-COVID-designated hospital with hybrid status.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross Infection/prevention & control; Infection Control/organization & administration
  5. Fulltext Current concerns and perspectives on Zika virus co-infection with arboviruses and HIV
    Rothan HA, Bidokhti MRM, Byrareddy SN
    J Autoimmun, 2018 05;89:11-20.
    PMID: 29352633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.01.002
    Dissemination of vector-borne viruses, such as Zika virus (ZIKV), in tropical and sub-tropical regions has a complicated impact on the immunopathogenesis of other endemic viruses such as dengue virus (DENV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The consequences of the possible co-infections with these viruses have specifically shown significant impact on the treatment and vaccination strategies. ZIKV is a mosquito-borne flavivirus from African and Asian lineages that causes neurological complications in infected humans. Many of DENV and CHIKV endemic regions have been experiencing outbreaks of ZIKV infection. Intriguingly, the mosquitoes, Aedes Aegypti and Aedes Albopictus, can simultaneously transmit all the combinations of ZIKV, DENV, and CHIKV to the humans. The co-circulation of these viruses leads to a complicated immune response due to the pre-existence or co-existence of ZIKV infection with DENV and CHIKV infections. The non-vector transmission of ZIKV, especially, via sexual intercourse and placenta represents an additional burden that may hander the treatment strategies of other sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV. Collectively, ZIKV co-circulation and co-infection with other viruses have inevitable impact on the host immune response, diagnosis techniques, and vaccine development strategies for the control of these co-infections.
    Matched MeSH terms: Zika Virus Infection/immunology; Zika Virus Infection/epidemiology*; Infection Control
  6. Fulltext Unity in diversity
    Kulenthran, A.
    JUMMEC, 2009;12(1):1-2.
    MyJurnal
    The present issue brings a diverse yet interesting array of research, but they all have a common thread-they answer to a clinical problem raised. The topics span human sexuality, diagnostic challenges, sports medicine, nosocomial infections, screening for neonatal infections, statistical analysis and fine-tuning the art of anaesthesia.(Copied from article).
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross Infection
  7. Infection of single snails with two different trematodes. I. Simultaneous exposure and early development of a schistosome and an echinostome
    Basch PF, Joe LK
    Z Parasitenkd, 1966;27(3):252-9.
    PMID: 5990058
    Matched MeSH terms: Infection
  8. Infection of single snails with two different trematodes. II. Dual exposures to a schistosome and an Echinostome at staggered intervals
    Basch PF, Joe LK
    Z Parasitenkd, 1966;27(3):260-70.
    PMID: 5990059
    Matched MeSH terms: Infection
  9. Fulltext Draft Genome Sequences of Six Enterococcus faecalis Strains Isolated from Malaysian Clinical and Environmental Origins
    Daniel DS, Gan HM, Lee SM, Dykes GA, Rahman S
    Genome Announc, 2017 Jun 15;5(24).
    PMID: 28619812 DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.00553-17
    Enterococcus faecalis is known to cause a variety of nosocomial infections, including urinary tract infections. Antibiotic resistance and virulence properties in this species are of public concern. The draft genome sequences of six E. faecalis strains isolated from clinical and environmental sources in Malaysia are presented here.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross Infection
  10. A multicenter point prevalence survey of healthcare-associated infections in Pakistan: Findings and implications
    Saleem Z, Hassali MA, Godman B, Hashmi FK, Saleem F
    Am J Infect Control, 2019 04;47(4):421-424.
    PMID: 30471976 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2018.09.025
    BACKGROUND: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are seen as a global public health threat, leading to increased mortality and morbidity as well as costs. However, little is currently known about the prevalence of HAIs in Pakistan. Consequently, this multicenter prevalence survey of HAIs was conducted to assess the prevalence of HAIs in Pakistan.

    METHODS: We used the methodology employed by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control to assess the prevalence of HAIs in Punjab Province, Pakistan. Data were collected from 13 hospitals using a structured data collection tool.

    RESULTS: Out of 1,553 hospitalized patients, 130 (8.4%) had symptoms of HAIs. The most common HAI was surgical site infection (40.0%), followed by bloodstream infection (21.5%), and lower respiratory tract infection (14.6%). The prevalence of HAI was higher in private sector hospitals (25.0%) and among neonates (23.8%) and patients admitted to intensive care units (33.3%). Patients without HAIs were admitted mainly to public sector hospitals and adult medical and surgical wards.

    CONCLUSIONS: The study found a high rate of HAIs among hospitals in Pakistan, especially surgical site infections, bloodstream infections, and lower respiratory tract infections. This needs to be addressed to reduce morbidity, mortality, and costs in the future, and further research is planned.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cross Infection/epidemiology*; Surgical Wound Infection/epidemiology
  11. Tahap pengherotan kognitif, kesunyian, kemurungan, penghargaan kendiri, dan sokongan sosial dalam kalangan wanita hamil luar nikah
    Nasir R, Zainah AZ, Khairudin R, Wan Shahrazad WS, Mohd Norahim MS, Aizan SA
    Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia, 2015;olume 29:1-10.
    Peningkatan jumlah kehamilan luar nikah dalam kalangan remaja perempuan sehingga awal dewasa membimbangkan ramai pihak. Kemahilan luar nikah bukan sahaja boleh mengundang kepada risiko jangkitan HIV/AIDS, malah ia juga boleh membawa kepada masalah lain seperti pembuangan bayi dan pengguguran. Kajian ini dilakukan adalah untuk melihat sejauhmana tahap ganguan kognitif, kemurungan, kesunyian, penghargaan kendiri dan sokongan sosial dalam kalangan wanita hamil tanpa nikah. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa subjek kajian mempunyai tahap sokongan sosial yang sederhana, gangguan kognitif yang rendah; kemurungan, kesunyian dan penghargaan kendiri yang sederhana. Hal ini menunjukkan bahawa wanita hamil tanpa nikah ini masih kurang mendapat sokongan sosial yang sewajarnya dan cenderung untuk mengalami kemurungan dan kesunyian yang berpanjangan. Cadangan intervensi turut dibincangkan di akhir perbincangan kajian.
    Matched MeSH terms: Infection
  12. Fulltext Ime course detachment of biofilms in pipes by hydrochlorination
    Shanzay, A., Siddra, T. A., Warda, F., Sheeza, A., Maryam, A., Aina, S. Z., et al.
    Asian Journal of Medicine and Biomedicine, 2018;1(1):28-31.
    MyJurnal
    Bacterial biofilms are a complex community of microbes in which the cells are embedded in a polysaccharide matrix.
    This slime is a mean of protection in hostile environments. Biofilms in hospital settings are perilous as they not only
    make treatment difficult, cause blockage of pipes but are also cause of serious nosocomial infections thus making their
    dispersal an even more important phenomenon. Any foaming method is not applicable at all places for the cleaning of
    biofilms hence biofilm dispersal by household sweep containing hydrochloric acid was checked using the microliter
    plate assay as dispersal strategy. Bacteria from hospital waste disposal pipes were isolated, its ability to form biofilm
    was noted under different time intervals and then finally biofilm degradation was done using different concentrations
    of household sweep. It was noted that household sweep can be successfully employed at many places especially waste
    disposal pipes and acid resistant tubes. Our results indicated that 20% sweep (HCl conc. 1%) if used for only one
    minute can reduce the biofilms to 50%. Similarly increasing contact time can reduce the biofilms further.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross Infection
  13. The aetiology of chronic fatigue syndrome: a review
    Nor Zuraida Z
    JUMMEC, 2000;5:73-77.
    Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a chronic debilitating condition affecting both physical and mental functioning. It was first quoted as a 'new disease' spreading in the developed countries. It bei:ame a major issue by doctors, professionals and the media for the past 15 years. CFS was not only affecting the adults but childhood fatigue has also been noted. The CFS patients commonly described themselves to be perfectionists, highly driven, energetic U1d motivated before the condition started. Studies have been focused on the definition, diagnosis and management of CFS. However, the understanding of CFS and what cause it is stili unclear and controversial. Thus the aetiological factors of CFS are reviewed in this article. KEYWORDS; Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), Aetiology, Psychiatric disorders, Viral infection, Immunology
    Matched MeSH terms: Infection
  14. Antigen specific lymphocyte proliferative response of patients with acute and chronic toxoplasmosis
    Khairul Anuar A, Rahmah N, Dighe VC, Zurainee MN, Suresh K, Yano A
    JUMMEC, 1999;4:34-38.
    In vitro lymphocyte proliferative response of peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL) to purified Toxoplasma gondii antigen were evaluated by 3[H] methyl thymidine incorporation in patients acutely and chronically infected with Toxoplama gondii. PBL from three patients with acute sylnptonlatic toxoplaslnosis showed no response to T. gondii antigen during the emergence of anti-Toxoplasma 1gM antibodies and the response returned as the infection became chronic. Lymphocytes of twelve chronically-infected patients responded positively to the antigen. In all patients the lymphocyte proliferative response to the mitogen, Concanavalill A (Con A) was normal. Analysis of Toxoplasma proliferative response of PBL from a patient with acute toxoplasrnosis showed that CD8+ cells were responsible for induction of suppression while the response during the chronic infection was lnediated by CD4+ cells. In human toxoplasmosis there was antigen-specific lymphocyte unresponsiveness during the acute phase of the infection and it appears that the initnunesuppression was mediated by CD8+ cells. KEYWORDS: Toxoplasmosis-lymphocyte blastogenesis-antigen specific-CD4+, CD8+
    Matched MeSH terms: Infection
  15. Ocular presentations and toxoplasma serology
    Zurainee MN, Khairul Anuar A, Fong MY, Hoh HB, Choon J, Rahmah N
    JUMMEC, 2000;5:98-102.
    During the period 1996-1998, 134 patients suspected of having ocular toxoplasmosis were seen in the Ophthalmology Clinic of the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur. Clinical presentations in these patients ranged from poor vision to severe retinal detachment. Of these patients, 72% were confirmed positive for Toxoplasma gondii infection by serological methods. Chorioretinjtis and vitritis were found to be the most apparent symptoms, both having 100%correlation with serological positivity, This was followed by uveitis, floaters, and retinal detachment with correlation at 78%, 75%and 75%, respectively. However, there was no correlation between level of serotitre and ocular presentations. KEYWORDS: Toxoplasmosis, serology, chorioretinitis, uveitis
    Matched MeSH terms: Infection
  16. Fulltext Guidelines on Prevention and Management of Tuberculosis for Health Care Workers in Ministry of Health Malaysia
    Citation: Occupational Health Unit, Disease Control Division. Guidelines on Prevention and Management of Tuberculosis for Health Care Workers in Ministry of Health Malaysia. Putrajaya: Ministry of Health, Malaysia; 2012
    Matched MeSH terms: Infection
  17. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia: Correlations between clinical, phenotypic, genotypic characteristics and mortality in a tertiary teaching hospital in Malaysia
    Sit PS, Teh CSJ, Idris N, Ponnampalavanar S
    Infect Genet Evol, 2018 04;59:132-141.
    PMID: 29421224 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.01.031
    Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia is a serious infection that can result in significant morbidity and mortality. A retrospective cohort study was conducted to determine the predictors of mortality in patient with MRSA bacteremia correlating with clinical, phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of the relevant strains. Most of the bacteremia cases were healthcare-associated (P 
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross Infection/microbiology; Cross Infection/mortality; Cross Infection/epidemiology
  18. Antibiotic susceptibility and REP-PCR fingerprints of Acinetobacter spp. isolated from a hospital ten years apart
    Misbah S, AbuBakar S, Hassan H, Hanifah YA, Yusof MY
    J Hosp Infect, 2004 Dec;58(4):254-61.
    PMID: 15564001
    The antibiotic susceptibility profiles and the repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (REP-PCR)-determined genotypes of 109 Acinetobacter strains collected from the University Malaya Medical Center (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, in 1987 (N=21) and 1996-1998 (N=88) were established. Twelve antibiotic susceptibility profiles of antibiotics used at the UMMC were obtained. In descending order of effectiveness, imipenem, amikacin and ciprofloxacin were the most effective against the Acinetobacter strains. Compared with 1987 isolates, the isolates obtained in 1996-1998 had decreased susceptibility to these antibiotics and were tolerant to the antibiotics up to an MIC90 of > or =256 mg/L. REP-PCR DNA fingerprints of all the isolates revealed the presence of four Acinetobacter spp. lineages; 92% of all the isolates belonged to two dominant lineages (genotypes 1 and 4). Genotype 4 isolates predominant in 1987 showed increased resistance and antibiotic tolerance to imipenem, amikacin and ciprofloxacin compared with the 1996-1998 isolates. In contrast, genotype 1 isolates from 1996-1998 were mainly sensitive to these antibiotics. These findings demonstrate the presence of at least two independent Acinetobacter spp. lineages in the same hospital, and suggest the possibility that genotype 4 Acinetobacter spp. acquired the resistance phenotype in situ, whereas most of the genotype 1 isolates were probably introduced to the hospital in recent years.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross Infection/microbiology*; Cross Infection/epidemiology; Cross Infection/prevention & control
  19. Fulltext Risk factors for neurosurgical site infections after a neurosurgical procedure: a prospective observational study at Hospital Kuala Lumpur
    Buang SS, Haspani MS
    Med J Malaysia, 2012 Aug;67(4):393-8.
    PMID: 23082448
    Surgical site infection (SSI) after craniotomy even though rare, poses a real risk of surgery and represents a substantial burden of disease for both patients and healthcare services in terms of morbidity, mortality and economic cost. The knowledge of risk factor for surgical site infection after craniotomy will allow the authority to implement specific preventive measures to reduce the infection rate. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to determine the incidence and the risk factors of surgical site infection after craniotomy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Surgical Wound Infection/microbiology; Surgical Wound Infection/epidemiology*
  20. Fulltext Cat flea infestation in a hospital: a case report
    Muthupalaniappen L, Norhayati M, Lee YY
    Korean J Parasitol, 2012 Mar;50(1):79-82.
    PMID: 22451739 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2012.50.1.79
    Cat flea bite in humans results in extremely pruritic skin lesions. It has been reported to occur among those living in domiciliary accommodation. However, nosocomial infestation with cat flea has not been reported. We hereby report a case of nosocomial infestation of cat flea in a hospital facility. Identification of the parasite, its appropriate eradication, and adequate medical management of the patients resulted in a satisfactory outcome.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross Infection/diagnosis; Cross Infection/parasitology*
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