Displaying publications 141 - 160 of 1313 in total

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  1. Suicide trends in Singapore: 1955-2004
    Chia BH, Chia A, Yee NW, Choo TB
    Arch Suicide Res, 2010;14(3):276-83.
    PMID: 20658381 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2010.494147
    The objective of this study was to investigate suicide trends in Singapore between 1955 and 2004. Suicide cases were identified from the Registry of Birth and Death, Singapore, and analyzed using Poisson regression. Overall, suicide rates in Singapore remained stable between 9.8-13.0/100,000 over the last 5 decades. Rates remain highest in elderly males, despite declines among the elderly and middle-aged males in recent years. Rates in ethnic Chinese and Indians were consistently higher than in Malays. While the rates among female Indians and Chinese have declined significantly between 1995 and 2004, some increase was noted in female Malays. Although there was no increase in overall suicide rates, risk within certain population segments has changed over time.
    Matched MeSH terms: Singapore/epidemiology
  2. Fulltext Association of the lupus low disease activity state (LLDAS) with health-related quality of life in a multinational prospective study
    Golder V, Kandane-Rathnayake R, Hoi AY, Huq M, Louthrenoo W, An Y, et al.
    Arthritis Res Ther, 2017 03 20;19(1):62.
    PMID: 28320433 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1256-6
    BACKGROUND: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with significant impairment of health-related quality of life (HR-QoL). Recently, meeting a definition of a lupus low disease activity state (LLDAS), analogous to low disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis, was preliminarily validated as associated with protection from damage accrual. The LLDAS definition has not been previously evaluated for association with patient-reported outcomes. The objective of this study was to determine whether LLDAS is associated with better HR-QoL, and examine predictors of HR-QoL, in a large multiethnic, multinational cohort of patients with SLE.
    METHODS: HR-QoL was measured using the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item short form health survey (SF-36v2) in a prospective study of 1422 patients. Disease status was measured using the SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI-2 K), physician global assessment (PGA) and LLDAS.
    RESULTS: Significant differences in SF-36 domain scores were found between patients stratified by ethnic group, education level and damage score, and with the presence of active musculoskeletal or cutaneous manifestations. In multiple linear regression analysis, Asian ethnicity (p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Singapore
  3. Fulltext Piloting an Asia Pacific Research Forum (pASPAREF)
    Tan NC, Ng CJ, Ng M
    Asia Pac Fam Med, 2002;1(2&3):110.
    Matched MeSH terms: Singapore
  4. Fulltext Nutrition and cardiovascular disease: an Asia Pacific perspective
    Khor GL
    Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 1997 Jun;6(2):122-42.
    PMID: 24394715
    Changes in the dietary intake patterns of countries in the Asia Pacific region are considered in relation to trends of cardiovascular disease mortality. Cardiovascular disease now constitutes the major cause of mortality in many of the countries of the region. The mortality rate for coronary heart disease (CHD) has been on the decline since the mid-1960s in countries such as Australia, New Zealand and Japan, while a decline in other countries, including Singapore and Hong Kong, appears to be occurring about two decades later after a delayed increase. In contrast, countries like Malaysia and China have had and continue an upward trend for CHD mortality. Nonetheless, the mortality rates due to CHD in New Zealand, Australia, Singapore followed by Hong Kong rank among the highest in the region. In China, Taiwan and Japan, death due to cerebrovascular disease remains a major cause of death, although the latter two countries have undergone a significant decline in stroke death rates since 1970. The intakes of fat from land animal products, fish and vegetable oils, depending on fatty acid patterns and, possibly other constituents, are candidate contributors to the different atherogenic and thrombotic effects. Countries which have a higher mortality from CHD tend to have a higher intake of energy from fat and proportion of fat from animal products. These fat intakes may operate to increase hypercholesterolemia and overweight in various countries. Again, intakes of other food items and constituents used in the region such as soybeans, dietary antioxidants in fruits, vegetables, seeds, cereals, nuts and tea and alcohol consumption are candidate cardio-protectants. The wide dietary scope of Asia Pacific populations, from diverse socio-cultural backgrounds, and at different levels of economic and technological development poses several analytic challenges and opportunities. Future research should improve the datasets and think laterally about pathogenesis and intervention.
    Matched MeSH terms: Singapore
  5. Fulltext Optimal nutrition therapy in paediatric critical care in the Asia-Pacific and Middle East: a consensus
    Lee JH, Rogers E, Chor YK, Samransamruajkit R, Koh PL, Miqdady M, et al.
    Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2016 Dec;25(4):676-696.
    PMID: 27702711 DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.012016.07
    Current practices and available resources for nutrition therapy in paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) in the Asia Pacific-Middle East region are expected to differ from western countries. Existing guidelines for nutrition management in critically ill children may not be directly applicable in this region. This paper outlines consensus statements developed by the Asia Pacific-Middle East Consensus Working Group on Nutrition Therapy in the Paediatric Critical Care Environment. Challenges and recommendations unique to the region are described.
    Matched MeSH terms: Singapore
  6. Fulltext Validation of skinfold thickness and hand-held impedance measurements for estimation of body fat percentage among Singaporean Chinese, Malay and Indian subjects
    Deurenberg P, Deurenberg-Yap M
    Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2002;11(1):1-7.
    PMID: 11890632
    Body fat percentage (BF%) was measured in 298 Singaporean Chinese, Malay and Indian men and women using a chemical four-compartment model consisting of fat, water, protein and mineral (BF%4C). In addition, weight, height, skinfold thickness and segmental impedance (from hand to hand) was measured. Body fat percentage was predicted using prediction equations from the literature (for skinfolds BF%SKFD) and using the manufacturer's software for the hand-held impedance analyser (BF%IMP). The subjects ranged in age from 18-70 years and in body mass index from 16.0 to 40.2 kg/m2. Body fat ranged from 6.5 to 53.3%. The biases for skinfold prediction (BF%4C-BF%SKFD, mean +/- SD) were -0.4+/-3.9, 2.3+/-4.1 and 3.1+/-4.2 in Chinese, Malay and Indian women, respectively, the Chinese being different from the Malays and Indians. The differences were significant from zero (P < 0.05) in the Malays and Indians. For the men, the biases were 0.5+/-3.8, 0.0+/-4.8 and 0.9+/-4.0 in Chinese, Malays and Indians, respectively. These biases were not significantly different from zero and not different among the ethnic groups. The biases for hand-held impedance BF% were -0.7+/-4.5, 1.5+/-4.4 and 0.4+/-3.8 in Chinese, Malay and Indian women. These biases were not significantly different from zero but the bias in the Chinese was significantly different from the biases in the Malays and Indians. In the Chinese, Malay and Indian men, the biases of BF%IMP were 0.7+/-4.6, 1.9+/-4.8 and 2.0+/-4.4, respectively. These biases in Malay and Indian men were significantly different from zero and significantly different from the bias in Chinese men. The biases were correlated with level of body fat and age, and also with relative arm span (arm span/height) for impedance. After correction, the differences in bias among the ethnic groups disappeared. The study shows that the biases in predicted BF% differ between ethnic groups, differences that can be explained by differences in body composition and differences in body build. This information is important and should be taken into account when comparing body composition across ethnic groups using predictive methods.
    Matched MeSH terms: Singapore
  7. Fulltext Can dietary factors explain differences in serum cholesterol profiles among different ethnic groups (Chinese, Malays and Indians) in Singapore?
    Deurenberg-Yap M, Li T, Tan WL, van Staveren WA, Chew SK, Deurenberg P
    Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2001;10(1):39-45.
    PMID: 11708607
    In Singapore. there exists differences in risk factors for coronary heart disease among the three main ethnic groups: Chinese, Malays and Indians. This study aimed to investigate if differences in dietary intakes of fat, types of fat, cholesterol, fruits, vegetables and grain foods could explain the differences in serum cholesterol levels between the ethnic groups. A total of 2408 adult subjects (61.0% Chinese, 21.4% Malays and 17.6% Indians) were selected systematically from the subjects who took part in the National Health Survey in 1998. The design of the study was based on a cross-sectional study. A food frequency questionnaire was used to assess intakes of energy, total fat, saturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, monounsaturated fat, cholesterol, fruits, vegetables and cereal-based foods. The Hegsted score was calculated. Serum total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol were analysed and the ratio of total cholesterol to high density lipoprotein cholesterol was computed. The results showed that on a group level (six sex-ethnic groups), Hegsted score, dietary intakes of fat, satutrated fat, cholesterol, vegetables and grain foods were found to be correlated to serum cholesterol levels. However, selected dietary factors did not explain the differences in serum cholesterol levels between ethnic groups when multivariate regression analysis was performed, with adjustment for age, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, cigarette smoking, occupation, education level and physical activity level. This cross-sectional study shows that while selected dietary factors are correlated to serum cholesterol at a group level, they do not explain the differences in serum cholesterol levels between ethnic groups independently of age, obesity, occupation, educational level and other lifestyle risk factors.
    Matched MeSH terms: Singapore/epidemiology
  8. Use of contraceptives in three south-east Asian countries
    Lun KC
    Asia Oceania J Obstet Gynaecol, 1983 Jun;9(2):185-92.
    PMID: 6615332 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.1983.tb00620.x
    Use of contraceptives by some selected characteristics was studied for married women in the reproductive age range (MWRA) in three south‐east Asian countries. The data were obtained from each country's national family planning/fertility survey conducted around the mid‐seventies. Only the gross relationship between each of the selected characteristics and contraceptive use was compared. The proportion of MWRA using contraceptives for Singapore was almost twice as high as the corresponding proportions for Peninsular Malaysia and Thailand. The pattern of contraceptive use was largely similar for Thailand and Malaysia but different from Singapore. The differences were largely attributed to the absence of a large rural population in Singapore, the apparently greater tendency of women in Singapore to use reversible contraceptive methods for birth spacing and the easier access by women to family planning information and services, particularly sterilisation, than in Peninsular Malaysia and Thailand.
    Matched MeSH terms: Singapore
  9. Genital human papillomavirus infection among women from major ethnic groups in Singapore
    Chow VT, Tham KM, Lim-Tan SK, Sng IT, Bernard HU
    Asia Oceania J Obstet Gynaecol, 1990 Dec;16(4):373-7.
    PMID: 1966000
    The close epidemiological relationships between specific genital human papillomavirus (HPV) types and neoplasia of the cervix uteri have been extensively documented worldwide, including Singapore. Cervical cancer incidence rates in Singapore show variations between the major ethnic groups. To ascertain the corresponding HPV infection rates among the various races in Singapore, we analysed the cervical smears of 225 women by filter in situ DNA hybridization, and compared the data with a previous similar study. Fourteen (6.2%) individuals were HPV-positive, with HPV 16 and HPV 31 being the commonest types. No significant difference between HPV positivity rates in Chinese (5.0%) and in Malays (6.7%) was found, even though Chinese have a higher cervical cancer incidence than Malays. Furthermore, the cervical HPV carriage rate among women with normal cytology was 5.9%. In the light of reports of high genital HPV prevalence rates detected by DNA amplification, these data support the notion that HPV infection is commonly latent and requires the cooperation of other factors for cervical carcinogenesis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Singapore
  10. What is the meaning of palliative care in the Asia-Pacific region?
    O'Connor M, O'Brien AP, Griffiths D, Poon E, Chin J, Payne S, et al.
    Asia Pac J Clin Oncol, 2010 Sep;6(3):197-202.
    PMID: 20887501 DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-7563.2010.01315.x
    This paper describes the preliminary work required to understand cultural differences in palliative care in the United Kingdom and three countries in the Asia-Pacific region, in preparation for a cross-country study. The study is intended to address cultural understandings of palliative care, the role of the family in end of life care, what constitutes good care and the ethical issues in each country. Suggestions are then made to shape the scope of the study and to be considered as outcomes to improve care of the dying in these countries. It is anticipated that the method used to achieve consensus on cross-country palliative care issues will be both qualitative and quantitative. Identifying key priorities in the delivery and quality measures of palliative care will involve participants in focus groups, a Delphi survey and in the development of clinical indicators towards creating standards of palliative care common to the Asian Pacific region.
    Matched MeSH terms: Singapore
  11. Asia-Pacific Leukemia Consortium: An innovative and collaborative initiative to improve care of leukemia and related diseases in the Asia-Pacific region
    Lao Z, Tse EWC, Chuncharunee S, Kwong YL, Wei A, Ko BS, et al.
    Asia Pac J Clin Oncol, 2023 Dec;19(6):655-663.
    PMID: 37259880 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.13970
    The burden of leukemia and related diseases is rapidly growing in Asia. Currently, there is a paucity of regional collaborative groups/initiatives that focus exclusively on the management of leukemia in the Asia-Pacific (APAC) region. The Asia-Pacific Leukemia Consortium (APLC) was established on the 8 September 2021 to understand the status quo, unmet needs, and ways to improve the management of leukemia and related diseases in the APAC region. The APLC working group set up a group of experts from various countries (Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, China, and Australia) to discuss on the status of: (i) clinical trials; (ii) disease registry database; (iii) genetic and tissue repository; (iv) patient advocacy and care; and (v) disease prevention and education in the APAC region. Low levels of awareness about leukemia amongst the public, lack of financial support, and limited access to newly approved therapies were identified as barriers to the implementation of effective leukemia management in low- or mid-income Asian countries. Patients often enroll in clinical trials to gain access to novel/approved therapies. The APLC group aims to address the growing threat of leukemia through a collaborative approach to advance disease prevention, research, clinical trials, and education.
    Matched MeSH terms: Singapore
  12. Factors affecting life expectancy: evidence from 1980-2009 data in Singapore, Malaysia, and Thailand
    Chan MF, Devi MK
    Asia Pac J Public Health, 2015 Mar;27(2):136-46.
    PMID: 22865722 DOI: 10.1177/1010539512454163
    The authors aim to examine the impact of demographic changes, socioeconomic inequality, and the availability of health care resources on life expectancy in Singapore, Malaysia, and Thailand. This is a cross-country study collecting annual data from 3 Southeast Asian countries from 1980 to 2008. Life expectancy is the dependent variable with demographics, socioeconomic status, and health care resources as the 3 main determinants. A structural equation model is used, and results show that the availability of more health care resources and higher levels of socioeconomic advantages are more likely to increase life expectancy. In contrast, demographic changes are more likely to increase life expectancy by way of health care resources. The authors suggest that more effort should be taken to expand and improve the coverage of health care programs to alleviate regional differences in health care use and improve the overall health status of people in these 3 Southeast Asian countries.
    Matched MeSH terms: Singapore/epidemiology
  13. Hypertension, hypertension control, and chronic kidney disease in a Malay population in Singapore
    Sabanayagam C, Shankar A, Lim SC, Tai ES, Wong TY
    Asia Pac J Public Health, 2011 Nov;23(6):936-45.
    PMID: 20460283 DOI: 10.1177/1010539510361637
    Studies conducted in Western populations demonstrate that blood pressure (BP) is a major risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). The authors examined the cross-sectional association between BP and CKD in 3280 adults of Malay ethnicity aged 40 to 80 years living in Singapore. CKD was defined as (1) estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of < 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and (2) presence of microalbuminuria/macroalbuminuria. They observed a dose-dependent positive association between BP and CKD (P trend < .0001). In multivariable-adjusted analysis, compared with participants with normal BP, the odds ratio (OR; 95% confidence interval [CI]) of eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) was 1.85 (0.95-3.62), 2.95 (1.55-5.64), and 4.96 (2.63-9.37) for prehypertension, and stage 1 and stage 2 hypertension, respectively. Similar results were obtained for microalbuminuria/macroalbuminuria. Stage 2 hypertension had the greatest population-attributable risk of CKD (23%). The strong positive association of hypertension with CKD emphasizes the need to control BP in Asian populations to reduce the burden of kidney disease.
    Matched MeSH terms: Singapore; Singapore/epidemiology
  14. Perceived barriers to and ideas for weight control interventions in Malay homemakers: results from focus groups
    Ng LW, Malhotra R, Lai D, Tai ES, Østbye T
    Asia Pac J Public Health, 2015 Mar;27(2):NP552-61.
    PMID: 23482708 DOI: 10.1177/1010539513479966
    To develop a better understanding of perceived barriers to and ideas for weight loss and maintenance among Malay homemakers in Singapore.
    Matched MeSH terms: Singapore
  15. The Development of Health Services in the colonies--a study of British Malaya and Singapore
    Phua KH
    Asia Pac J Public Health, 1989;3(4):315-23.
    PMID: 2700659
    Matched MeSH terms: Singapore
  16. Fulltext Three decades of breast-feeding trends in Singapore
    Chua S, Viegas OA, Ratnam SS
    Asia Pac Popul J, 1990 Mar;5(1):125-34.
    PMID: 12283342
    Matched MeSH terms: Singapore
  17. Dialectical behavior therapy in the Asia-Pacific Rim region
    Loo JL, Keng SL, Ramírez-Espinosa IG, Nor Hadi NM, Ramírez-Gutiérrez JA, Shoesmith W
    Asia Pac Psychiatry, 2021 Mar;13(1):e12437.
    PMID: 33188568 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12437
    BACKGROUND: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) contributes to suicide-related morbidity and mortality and requires more intensive psychotherapeutic resources due to its high mental health service usage. Accessibility to an evidence-based treatment program is a cornerstone to support patients with BPD and part of broader suicide prevention efforts as well as improving their quality of life.

    AIMS: In this article, the authors aim to discuss and review available dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) and DBT-informed services of selected countries in the Asia-Pacific Rim, namely Singapore, Malaysia, and Mexico.

    MATERIALS & METHODS: We contacted providers of different services and gathered information on the process of setting up the service and adapting the treatment, in addition to reviewing the available literature published in the countries.

    RESULTS: To date, there have been a pair of DBT-informed services in Singapore, four in Malaysia, and several in Mexico with a few of them offering standard DBT. Different efforts have been put in place to increase the accessibility to training and also the number of DBT practitioners.

    DISCUSSION: Important considerations during the process of setting up new services include the use of domestic examples and local language that are contextually appropriate for the local community. Selected challenges faced in common include shortage of workforce, affordability of training programs, and the need for language adaptation with or without translation.

    CONCLUSION: Further long-term evaluation of locally adapted DBT-informed mental health services will help to elucidate the effectiveness and efficacy of the program which will potentially serve as a guide for other resource-scarce regions.

    Matched MeSH terms: Singapore
  18. Which somatic symptoms are associated with an unfavorable course in Chinese patients with major depressive disorder?
    Novick D, Montgomery WS, Aguado J, Peng X, Brugnoli R, Haro JM
    Asia Pac Psychiatry, 2015 Dec;7(4):427-35.
    PMID: 26047023 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12189
    This was an analysis of the impact of somatic symptoms on the severity and course of depression in Chinese patients treated for an acute episode of major depressive disorder (MDD).
    Matched MeSH terms: Singapore
  19. Educational environments in Asian medical schools: A cross-national comparison between Malaysia, Singapore, and China
    Arokiamary B, Russell V, Lim HA, Koay JM, Xia J, Zhao XH, et al.
    Asia Pac Psychiatry, 2021 Jun;13(2):e12454.
    PMID: 33646626 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12454
    INTRODUCTION: Perceptions of the educational environment (EE) represent an important source of information on medical students' learning experience. Understanding and addressing these perceptions can help inform initiatives designed to improve the learning experience and educational outcomes, while comparison of student perceptions across medical schools can provide an added perspective. The aim of the study was to compare the EEs of three Asian medical schools: Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and University College Dublin Malaysia Campus, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore and Xiangya School of Medicine, China.

    METHODS: Medical students in the clinical years (N = 1063) participated in a cross-sectional study using the Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.

    RESULTS: There were significant differences between the three medical schools in the total DREEM scores (F [2, 1059] = 38.29, p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Singapore
  20. Fulltext Prevalence of hypogonadism in the aging male and male erectile dysfunction in Asia-Pacific countries
    Chew KK
    Asian J Androl, 2003;5:171-172.
    Matched MeSH terms: Singapore
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