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  1. Fulltext Real-world data reveal unmet clinical needs in insulin treatment in Asian people with type 2 diabetes: the Joint Asia Diabetes Evaluation (JADE) Register
    Kong APS, Lew T, Lau ESH, Lim LL, Kesavadev J, Jia W, et al.
    Diabetes Obes Metab, 2020 04;22(4):669-679.
    PMID: 31903728 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13950
    AIMS: To explore the pattern of insulin use and glycaemic control in Asian people with type 2 diabetes, stratified by gender, young-onset diabetes (YOD; diagnosed before age 40 years), and diabetic kidney disease (DKD; estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] cross-sectional analysis of 97 852 patients from 11 Asian countries/regions (2007-2017) included in the prospective Joint Asia Diabetes Evaluation (JADE) Register.

    RESULTS: Among 18 998 insulin users (47% women, mean ± SD age 59.2 ± 11.7 years, diabetes duration 13.2 ± 8.3 years, glycated haemoglobin [HbA1c] 72 ± 21.4 mmol/mol [8.74 ± 1.95%], median total daily insulin dose [TDD] 0.27-0.82 units/kg), 25% and 29.5% had YOD and DKD, respectively. Premixed (44%) and basal-only (42%) insulin were the most common regimens. Despite being more commonly treated with these two regimens with higher insulin dosages, patients with YOD had worse HbA1c levels than their late-onset peers (73 ± 20.5 vs. 71 ± 21.2 mmol/mol [8.82 ± 1.87% vs. 8.66 ± 1.94%]; P 

    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  2. Fulltext Barriers in Adopting Healthy Body Weight Among Malaysian Population: A Cross-Sectional Study of Body Weight Perception and Misperception Versus Actual Body Weight
    Wan Abdul Hamed WN, Abd Aziz NA
    J Prim Care Community Health, 2020 2 14;11:2150132720907472.
    PMID: 32052684 DOI: 10.1177/2150132720907472
    Perception of body weight has been recognized as an important barrier in the adoption of healthy lifestyles. Several factors affect perception of body weight, but the outcomes have been varied. This study aimed to study the perception and misperception of body weight and its association with the measured body mass index. A clinic-based cross-sectional study was done in the clinic using systematic sampling. Data were collected by using a self-administered questionnaire consisting of the sociodemographic profile, body weight perception question adopted from Weight Management Questionnaire and Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) 1991-2017. The prevalence of body weight misperception in the sample population was 58.6%. Most of the respondents were overweight (33.9%) and obese (33.9%). Respondents aged 25 years and older were 2.98 times more likely to have misperception compared with other age groups (95% CI: 1.21-3.19, P = .006). Divorced respondents were 4.70 times more likely to have body misperception compared with married respondents (95% CI 1.44-15.32, P = 0.01). This study showed that misperception of body weight could be influenced by reversible factors and measured body mass index. Hence, the rectification of these misperceptions is important in the clinical setting especially in these vulnerable groups of respondents.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  3. Fulltext Mental health crisis in healthcare providers in the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional facility-based survey
    Sung CW, Chen CH, Fan CY, Chang JH, Hung CC, Fu CM, et al.
    BMJ Open, 2021 07 28;11(7):e052184.
    PMID: 34321309 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052184
    OBJECTIVES: During a pandemic, healthcare providers experience increased mental and physical burden. Burnout can lead to treatment errors, patient mortality, increased suicidal ideation and substance abuse as well as medical malpractice suits among medical staff. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of burnout, acute stress disorder, anxiety disorder and depressive disorder among healthcare providers at the third month of the COVID-19 pandemic.

    DESIGN: A cross-sectional facility-based survey.

    SETTING: Hospitals around the country with different levels of care.

    PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1795 respondents, including 360 men and 1435 women who participated in the survey.

    PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Burnout was assessed using the Physician Work Life Study. A score of ≥3 implied burnout.

    RESULTS: Of the 1795 respondents, 723 (40.3%) reported burnout, and 669 (37.3%) cared for patients with COVID-19. Anxiety levels were mild in 185 (10.3%) respondents, moderate in 209 (11.6%) and severe in 1401 (78.1%). The mean Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-10 score was 9.5±6.3, and 817 (45.5%) respondents were classified as having depression. Factors associated with burnout were working in acute and critical care (ACC) divisions (adjusted OR (aOR)=1.84, 95% CI 1.20 to 3.39, p=0.019), caring for patients with COVID-19 (aOR=3.90, 95% CI 1.14 to 13.37, p=0.031) and having depressive disorder (aOR=9.44, 95% CI 7.44 to 11.97, p<0.001).

    CONCLUSIONS: Physicians and nurses are vulnerable to burnout during a pandemic, especially those working in ACC divisions. Anxiety disorder, depressive disorder and care of patients with COVID-19 may be factors that influence the occurrence of burnout among healthcare providers.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  4. Fulltext Relationship between anthropometric and biochemical changes of metabolic syndrome with retinal nerve fiber layer and macular thickness
    New SH, Leow SN, Vasudevan SK, Idris IB, Tang SF, Din NM
    PLoS One, 2021;16(2):e0246830.
    PMID: 33630879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246830
    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular thicknesses and identify systemic risk factors for thinning of these layers in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS).

    METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional observational study was performed on patients diagnosed with MetS and compared to normal controls. All patients underwent ophthalmic and anthropometric examination, serological and biochemical blood investigations; and ocular imaging using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Patients with ocular pathology were excluded. Unpaired t-test was used to compare mean thickness between the two groups. One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons was used to compare mean thickness between different tertiles of MetS parameters, and a generalized estimating equation was used to correct for inter-eye correlation and to assess association between mean thickness and covariates.

    RESULTS: Two hundred and forty-eight eyes from 124 participants (1:1 ratio of MetS patients to controls) were included. Age ranged between 30 to 50 years old, and mean age was 40 ± 6.6 years. RNFL thickness was lower globally (93.6 ± 9.9 μm vs 99.0 ± 9.3, p<0.001) and in the inferior (124.5 ± 17.5 μm vs 131.0 ± 16.4 μm, p = 0.002), superior (117.2 ± 16.0 μm vs 126.3 ± 14.4 μm, p<0.001) and temporal (65.5 ± 10.2 μm vs 69.5 ± 9.8, p = 0.002) sectors in MetS patients compared to controls. Only the central (237.0 ± 14.0 μm vs 243.6 ± 18.0 μm, p = 0.002) and inferior parafoveal (307.8 ± 20.9 vs 314.6 ± 14.6, p = 0.004) area of the macula was significantly thinner. The inferior RNFL sector had the most difference (mean difference = 9.1 μm). The Generalized Estimating Equation found that, after adjusting for age, diastolic blood pressure, BMI, HDL and obesity; the number of MetS components and elevated triglyceride levels were independent risk factors for reduced thickness in global RNFL (β = -4.4, 95% CI = -7.29 to -1.5, p = 0.003) and inferior parafovea (β = -6.85, 95% CI = -11.58 to -2.13, p = 0.004) thickness respectively.

    CONCLUSION: RNFL thinning was seen more than macula thinning in MetS patients, suggesting RNFL susceptibility to neurodegeneration than the macula. A higher number of metabolic components and elevated triglyceride levels were independent risk factors for retinal thinning in this group of patients.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  5. Exploring Intimate Partner Violence Among Women Attending Malaysian Primary Care Clinics
    Othman S, Yuen CW, Mohd Zain N, Abdul Samad A
    J Interpers Violence, 2021 08;36(15-16):NP7920-NP7941.
    PMID: 30938233 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519839426
    Victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) are frequent attendees at health care facilities. Although most literature on this subject focuses on developed or Western countries, there is a dearth of information from Asian countries. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of IPV among women attending urban primary care services in Malaysia and to identify the risk factors associated with IPV. Six out of 15 available public primary care clinics in the federal territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, were randomly selected. The sampling size for each clinic was conducted proportionate to the clinic's average daily patient attendance. A total of 882 women participated in this study via a self-administered questionnaire. We administered the women's experience with battering scale (WEB-scale) to estimate the prevalence of psychological violence and included a screening question for physical and sexual assault. The results showed that 22.0% of the women surveyed reported experiencing IPV. Ethnicity appears to be a significant predictor, with Chinese and Indian women reporting IPV at a higher rate than Malay women. Women with IPV are more likely to come from lower income households, have witnessed parental IPV, receive less social support, and have poorer psychological well-being. Our findings indicate that the prevalence of IPV among women attending urban public primary care clinics is high. Health care providers should pay close attention during clinical encounters for any sign of IPV, particularly among those presenting with risk factors.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  6. Fulltext Body image perception, dietary practices and physical activity of overweight and normal weight Malaysian female adolescents
    Pon LW, Kandiah M, Mohd Nasir MT
    Malays J Nutr, 2004 Sep;10(2):131-47.
    PMID: 22691735 MyJurnal
    Body image plays an important role in the management of body weight, especially among female adolescents. This study examined the differences in body image perception, weight management knowledge, eating behaviour and physical activity between overweight and normal weight Malaysian female adolescents. Body mass index screening was done on 588 secondary school students to identify overweight (OW) and normal weight (NW) subjects. A BMI-for-age of => 85th percentile and between => 5th and <85th percentile were used as cut-offs for identifying suitable subjects of overweight and normal weight, respectively. Fifty girls identified as being OW were matched for age and ethnicity with 50 NW students. Subjects completed a self-administered questionnaire on demographics, eating behaviour and physical activity, a weight management knowledge inventory (WMKI) and the Body Silhouette Chart. The study sample comprised Malays (40%), Chinese (30%) and Indians (30%) with a mean age of 14.76 ± 1.15 years. The majority of them were from families with a monthly household income of less than RM1,000. Significantly more NW subjects (χ2=6.112, p=0.013) than OW subjects had incorrect perception of their current body weight status. The WMKI revealed that more OW subjects (64%) than NW subjects (52%) had a low level of weight management knowledge. Eating behaviour patterns were not significantly different between OW and NW subjects, but more OW subjects skipped one or more daily meals as compared to their NW counterparts (χ2=0.174, p=0.010). Physical activity patterns were similar in both groups. Healthy eating and physical activity promotion programmes in schools should include sound weight management practices.
    Questionnaire: Figure Rating Scale of Stunkard; Weight Management Knowledge Inventory (WMKI)
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  7. Fulltext Validation of nutritional screening tools against anthropometric and functional assessments among elderly people in Selangor
    Suzana S, Siti Saifa H
    Malays J Nutr, 2007 Mar;13(1):29-44.
    PMID: 22692187 MyJurnal
    This cross sectional study was conducted to determine the validity of three screening tools, Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF), Malnutrition Risk Screening Tool for Community (MRST-C) and Malnutrition Risk Screening Tool for Hospital (MRST-H) among elderly people at health clinics. The screening tools were validated against anthropometric and functional assessments. The anthropometric assessments that were carried out included body weight, height, arm span, body mass index (BMI), calf circumference (CC) and mid upper arm circumference (MUAC). A set of questionnaire on manual dexterity, muscular strength, instrumental activities daily living (IADL) and cognitive status was used to assess functional abilities. A total of 156 subjects were recruited from rural (38 subjects) and urban (118 subjects) health clinics at Sabak Bernam and Cheras respectively. Subjects' age ranged from 60 to 83 years old, with 44.2% were men and 55.8% women. The prevalence of muscle wasting among the subjects assessed from MUAC and CC were both 7.0%. MNA-SF had the highest correlation with BMI (r = 0.497, p<0.001), followed by MUAC (r = 0.398, p<0.001), CC (r = 0.473, p<0.001), cognitive assessment (r = 0.229, p<0.001) and handgrip strength (r = 0.209, p<0.001). Whilst MRST-C had the highest correlation with IADL score (r =-0.320, p<0.001) and MRST-H had the highest correlation with the lock and key test (r = -0.325, p<0.01). Sensitivity was the highest for MNA-SF (93.2%), followed by MRST-H (52.5%) and MRST-C (25.8%). Specificity was the highest for MRST-H (97.3%), followed by MRST-C (90.8%) and MNA-SF (79.4%). Positive predictive value (PPV) for MRST-H, MNA-SF and MRST-C was 55.5%, 18.2% and 14.1%, respectively. In conclusion, among the screening tools being validated, MNA-SF is considered the most appropriate tool to be used in health clinics for identification of elderly individuals who are at high risk of malnutrition.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  8. Fulltext Perception of bodyweight status among office workers in two government departments in Kuala Lumpur
    Fatimah A, Md Idris MN, Romzi MA, Faizah H
    Malays J Nutr, 1995;1(1):11-19.
    MyJurnal
    The objective of this paper is to assess the perception of bodyweight status among the office workers in two government departments in Kuala Lumpur. A total of 385 Malay workers aged between 18 to 55 years were randomly selected from the Prime Minister’s Department and the Ministry of National Unity and Community Development. The weights and heights of all subjects were measured and their Body Mass Index (BMI) determined. In this study, obesity is defined as individuals having 25 kg/rn 2 . A questionnaire was prepared to obtained information on socioeconomic status, health aspects, dietary intakes, activity levels and perception on bodyweight status. The study revealed a high prevalence of obesity (38.1 %) and among the obese subjects, 21.7 % perceived themselves as having normal weight. The normal weight and underweight subjects perceived themselves as obese (33.5 % and 6.3 % respectively). A small percentage (5.7 %) of the obese individuals who perceived themselves as obese did not wish to lose weight. In contrast, 9.7 % of the normal weight subjects who perceived themselves as having normal weight wanted to lose weight. A third person’s perception on the subjects’ bodyweight status is significantly associated with the subjects’ bodyweight status (P
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  9. Fulltext Anaemia during pregnancy in rural Kelantan
    Ahmad Z, Jaafar R, Mohd Hassan MH, Othman MS, Hashim A
    Malays J Nutr, 1997 Mar;3(1):83-90.
    PMID: 22692237 MyJurnal
    A retrospective study of anaemia in pregnancy in rural Kelantan was conducted. The study sample consist of 9,860 mothers who had antenatal care at one of the 102 rural health clinics selected and had delivered a live baby. Anaemia in pregnancy was determined by reviewing the antenatal records for the haemoglobin level recorded at the first and last antenatal visit. Estimation of haemoglobin was done either by photocalorimetric methods or the Sahli's method in these rural clinics. At the time of booking, 47.5% of the mothers were anaemic by WHO criteria (Hb < 11.0 g/dl), with 1.9% having less than 9.0 g/dl. Age of mother, parity and late gestational age at the first antenatal visit were associated with anaemia during pregnancy at the time of booking. However, practise of contraception by the mother did not show any association with anaemia in pregnancy. There were 594 mothers (6.0%) who delivered a baby weighing less than 2.5 kg. There was no association between the low birth weight of the child and the status of anaemia in the mother at the last antenatal visit.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  10. Fulltext Association between caregiver burden with feeding problems and functional status of patients with dementia
    Suzana, S., Lee, Y.H., Chong, H.Y., Nurfatina, M.D., Nurwhidayu, A.W., Siah, P.J., et al.
    Malays J Nutr, 2014;20(1):27-37.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Feeding difficulty and functional disability are common problems among patients with dementia but their influence on caregivers' burden has not been addressed comprehensively. Thus, this study aimed to determine the association between feeding problems, functional status and caregiver burden among patients with dementia who receive outpatient treatment at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, as compared to their non-demented counterparts. Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted among 30 patients with dementia (12 men, 18 women, mean age 75 ± 7 years old) and 60 subjects without dementia (25 men, 35 women, mean age 69 ± 7 years), as well as their caregivers. Subjects' functional status, feeding problems and also caregiver burden were assessed using Activities of Daily Livings (ADLs) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) questionnaire, The Edinburgh Feeding Evaluation in Dementia Questionnaire (EdFED-Q) and Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), respectively. Subjects were also measured for height and weight. Results: Patients with dementia needed supervision (50%) and physical help during mealtime (40%). The mean functional status score of these patients was higher than the patients without dementia (p<0.05). Caregiver burden score was positively correlated with the EdFED-Q score (r=0.405, p<0.05) but negatively correlated with functional status score (r=­0.475, p<0.01). Further, multiple regression analysis showed that after adjustment for age, EdFED-Q score and functional status remained correlated with caregiver burden at R2 of 0.210. Conclusion: Caregiver burden is associated with feeding problems and functional disability among patients with dementia. There is a need to educate the caregivers in order to improve the quality of life of both carers and the demented patients.
    Key words: Caregiver burden, dementia, feeding problems, functional status, outpatient
    Study site: Psychiatric and medical clinics, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  11. Fulltext Association between home environment, dietary practice, and physical activity among primary school children in Selangor, Malaysia
    Woon, F.C., Chin, Y.S., Kaartina, S., Fara Wahida, R., Hiew, C.C., Mohd Nasir, M.T.
    Malays J Nutr, 2014;20(1):1-14.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: The home environment plays an influential role in affecting dietary and physical activity practices of children. This study aimed to determine the association between the home environment, dietary practice and physical activity among primary school children in Selangor. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in five primary schools selected using multistage stratified sampling. A total of 293 children (32.8% males and 67.2% females) (mean age of 11.0±0.9 years) and their parents (10.7% fathers and 89.3% mothers) completed the study. Dietary practice of the children was assessed using a two-day dietary recall. Energy expenditure and physical activity of the children were assessed using a two-day physical activity recall. Parents of the children completed the Home Environment Survey (HES). Results: The mean energy intake of the children was 1765±416 kcal/day with 75.0% not achieving the Malaysian Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) for energy. Almost all children (96.5%) were physically inactive, with a mean energy expenditure of 1269±342 kcal/day. High availability of fruit/vegetable at home was associated with high vegetable intake (r=0.128, p
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  12. Fulltext Dietary management of hyperlipidaemia - a survey amongst Malaysian dietitians
    Karupaiah T, Chee SS
    Malays J Nutr, 1997;3(2):117-130.
    MyJurnal
    Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is recognised as an important public health problem in Malaysia. Hyperlipidaemia is one of the main risk factors related to CHD. The mainstay of treatment is diet therapy which should be maintained even if drug treatment is indicated. Since dietitians are the primary providers of dietary treatment to hyperlipidaemic patients, this retrospective study attempts to report the dietary approaches and methodologies adopted by Malaysian dietitians in managing their patients. A postal questionnaire covering various aspects of dietary management of hyperlipidaemia were sent to 47 dietitians practicing in private and government hospitals. A response rate of 53 % was elicited. The survey found that there was a disparity amongst the respondents in the approach to the dietary management of hyperlipidaemia in Malaysia. This was largely due to the absence of a standardised dietary protocol for general lipid lowering in patients with hyperlipidaemia.
    Study site: Private and public hospitals in Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  13. Fulltext Rapid weight loss practices among elite combat sports athletes in Malaysia
    Ng, Qi Xiong, Choe, Yee Xian, Amutha Ramadas, Haemamalar Karppaya, Chai, Wen Jin
    Malays J Nutr, 2017;23(2):199-209.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: This study aimed to (i) determine rapid weight loss (RWL) practices among Malaysian elite combat sports athletes and (ii) examine the relationship between the characteristics of athletes, self-reported history of weight loss, perceived influence on weight loss and RWL practices.

    Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Malaysian National Sports Institute among elite combat sports athletes (n=40) recruited via a convenience sampling method. The athletes completed a self-administered validated Rapid Weight Loss Questionnaire. Each response was provided a score and the total RWL score corresponded to the aggressiveness of weight management methods. Partial correlations were used to assess the relationships between total RWL score and independent variables.

    Results: The prevalence of RWL among the athletes was high (92.5%). Training with rubber or plastic suits (62.2%) and meal-skipping (27.0%) were the most common RWL techniques practised by the respondents. Aggressive weight-cutting as depicted by a higher total RWL score that correlated with most weight ever lost, duration taken to lose weight, influence of training colleagues and coaches, BMI, current weight and post-competition weight regain (all p
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  14. Fulltext Oral health knowledge, attitude and practice of parents, and frequency of cariogenic food intake among their non syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate children in North-east Peninsular Malaysia
    Rathmawati Ahmad, Normastura Abd Rahman, Ruhaya Hasan, Azizah Yusoff
    Malays J Nutr, 2017;23(2):239-252.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Appropriate oral health knowledge is essential to enable parents to be responsible for the oral health care of their children especially those with special needs. This study aimed to determine the oral health knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of parents and cariogenic food intake of their non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate children (NSCLP) compared to non-cleft children.

    Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on randomly selected parents with children aged 1 to 6 years at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia and Kota Bharu Dental Clinic. A face-to-face interview using a validated questionnaire on oral health KAP and cariogenic food intake of their children was done. Data were analysed by using IBM SPSS version 22.0.

    Results: Sixty-four Malay parents with NSCLP (n=33) and non-cleft (n=31) children were recruited. The mean (SD) percentage score of oral health knowledge of parents in both groups (NSCLP and non-cleft) was fair, 59.5%(11.85) and 62.0%(15.00), P=0.4722; oral health attitude was good, 78.0% (9.30) and 80.2% (15.40), P=0.504; but oral health practice was poor 33.8% (5.94) and 36.1 (8.44), P=0.220. The cariogenic food frequency score was significantly higher in noncleft children; 40.2(10.32) compared to NSCLP children, 34.8(9.46), P=0.032.

    Conclusions: Parents of both groups had fair knowledge and good attitude but poor oral health practice. Cariogenic foods were consumed more by the non-cleft children. Oral health awareness among the parents needs to be strengthened towards good oral health attitude and practice and non-cariogenic food choices for the betterment of oral health status of their children.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  15. Fulltext Knowledge, attitude and practices towards osteoporosis prevention among adults in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Lim SL, Ali A, Mohd Yusof H
    Malays J Nutr, 2017;23(2):279-290.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Osteoporosis is a major health problem worldwide. In Asia, few studies have measured knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of osteoporosis. This study aimed to determine the KAP of osteoporosis, including the main factors influencing attitude towards osteoporosis, and the relationship between osteoporosis knowledge, attitude, and practices among adults in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
    Methods: A cross-sectional study via a self-administrated KAP questionnaire was carried out among 232 respondents aged 21 to 50 years in Kuala Lumpur. Random sampling was applied to select five districts in Kuala Lumpur, while convenient sampling was used for recruitment of apparently healthy subjects from community and institutional settings. The data were analysed using Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, Chi-Square, Spearman Correlation and multiple logistic regression tests.
    Results: The findings indicate a moderate level of knowledge and attitude towards osteoporosis prevention with median scores of 51.6% and 68.6%, respectively. Osteoporosis knowledge varied significantly with gender, educational level and household income (p<0.05). Furthermore, attitude was significantly different in relation to educational level and household income. Based on the multiple logistic regression test, relatives and friends appeared to be the most significant factor influencing attitude (R=0.319, p<0.0001). Poor dietary and lifestyles practices were indicated, and a significant relationship was found between practice of weight-bearing activities and educational level (p<0.05). A significant correlation was found (ρ=0.348, p<0.0001) between knowledge and attitude, while no relationship was noted between knowledge and practice of weight-bearing activities or attitude and practice of weight-bearing activities.
    Conclusion: Knowledge played a significant role in affecting attitudes towards osteoporosis. However, understanding of osteoporosis is still at a moderate level. Friends and family were the most influential factor.
    Key words: Adults, attitude, knowledge, osteoporosis, practices
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  16. Fulltext Sodium intake among normotensive health staff assessed by 24-hour urinary excretion: a cross-sectional study
    Rashidah, A., Yeo, P.S., Noor Ani, A., Muhammad Fadhli, M.Y., Tahir, A., Feisul Idzwan, M., et al.
    Malays J Nutr, 2014;20(3):317-326.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: High sodium consumption over an extended period of time has been associated with hypertension, stroke, cardiovascular disease, renal damage, and other adverse health effects. This study aimed to determine urinary sodium excretion and consequently estimate dietary sodium consumption among normotensive health staff in Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to acquire data on sodium excretion among normotensive Ministry of Health staff aged 20 - 56 years (mean age 35.08, SD 9.78) in 14 states and a research institute. Respondents were recruited using quota sampling. Data collection was conducted from December 2011 to February 2012. A single urine sample was collected over 24 hours for sodium concentrations and calculated as 95.0% of total daily sodium intake. Results: Among the 471 enrolled respondents, 445 (94.0%) provided complete information on socio-demography and urine samples. Mean urine sodium excretion was 142.0 mmol/day (SD 71.7), which is equivalent to 3429 mg sodium/day or 8.7 gm of salt intake (1.75 teaspoon, which exceeds the Malaysian recommendation of 2000 mg sodium/day by 1.7 times. About 79.0% (n=353) of respondents (88.0% male and 73.0% female) had daily sodium consumption that was above the recommendation. Excretion was significantly higher among males at 161.7 mmol/day (SD 78.1) (3726 mg sodium/day) than females, 125.3 mmolfday (SD 61.1) (2875 mg/day). There was a positive, low correlation between BMl and sodium intake (r=0.216, p
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  17. Fulltext Assessment of breastfeeding problems experienced by mothers in the first six months postpartum: a process of tool development
    Manjilala, Februhartanty, Judhiastuty, Basuki, Dian N.
    Malays J Nutr, 2014;20(3):351-365.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Studies have found that breastfeeding problems are associated with negative breastfeeding outcomes. Unfortunately, assessing breastfeeding problems can be quite difficult. The objective of the paper is to share the process of tool development for the assessment of breastfeeding problem in an Indonesian setting. Methods: The development of the tool was a two-stage process, consisting of understanding the range and pattern of breastfeeding problems (through literature review, discussions with lactation experts, and in-depth interviews with nursing mothers) and the production of the tool (through discussions with graphic designers and communication practitioners, pre-testing the tools, and finalising a workable, viable tool). The process led the authors to use flash cards for assessing the breastfeeding problems. Each card consisted of information about age, a code number, an image and a description of the breastfeeding problem. Each set of the flash cards represented an age period of 0-1, 1-3, and 3-6 months. The final flash cards were used in a cross-sectional study of 205 mothers of infants aged 6-12 months in Maros District, South Sulawesi. Results: The flash cards captured patterns of breastfeeding problems experienced by mothers within the first month, such as sore nipple, no milk production, fatigue, breast engorgement, and sleepy baby, or those problems that persisted throughout the six-month period such as infants' refusal to breastfeed and mothers feeling fatigued. The decreasing or increasing magnitude of a problem over time was also reflected in the flash cards. Conclusion: Identification of the dynamic patterns and magnitude of breastfeeding problems was successfully captured with the use of flash cards.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  18. Fulltext Nutritional status and quality of life of oncology patients prior to pelvic radiotherapy
    Dzairudzee Rosli, Suzana Shahar, Zahara Abdul Manaf, Hazreen Abd Majid, Mohd Roslan Haron
    Malays J Nutr, 2017;23(3):361-373.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Malnutrition among cancer patients is associated with a higher risk of
    gastrointestinal toxicity which develops during treatment and may affect quality of life (QOL).
    Thus, this cross-sectional study aimed to determine the nutritional status and QOL of 30
    oncology patients (mean age 50.0+10.7 years) prior to pelvic radiotherapy at Hospital Sultan
    Ismail, Johor Bahru.

    Methods: Patients were assessed for anthropometry measurements,
    24-h diet recall and nutritional status using Scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global
    Assessment (PG-SGA) questionnaire while the European Organization for Research and
    Treatment of Cancer Care Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) was used to
    assess QOL two weeks prior to the initiation of pelvic radiotherapy.

    Results: Mean Body
    Mass Index (BMI) of patients was 23.3+3.3kg/m2
    and 33% of patients experienced weight
    loss prior to pelvic radiotherapy. The PG-SGA rating indicated that 63% of patients were at
    Stage A (well-nourished) and 37% were in Stage B (moderate malnutrition). The PG-SGA
    numerical score was a significant predictor of QOL, after adjusting for socio-demographic
    factors (R2
    =0.861, p
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  19. Fulltext Relationship between quality of life and nutritional status in colorectal cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy
    Zalina Abu Zaid, Kathryn Jackson, Lynne Cobiac, Mirnalini Kandiah
    Malays J Nutr, 2017;23(3):375-384.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Malnutrition is associated with poorer outcomes following treatment for colorectal cancer (CRC). This study evaluates the relationship between nutritional status using scored Patient Generated-Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) with the validated European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ C30) which consists of five functional scales, three symptoms scales and one item of global health/quality of life (QOL).
    Methods: A total of 42 CRC patients at oncology outpatient clinics from two hospitals in Malaysia participated in the study from March 2011 to March 2012. The participants were classified as either well-nourished (PG-SGA A) or malnourished (PG-SGA B and C).
    Results: The majority of patients were Chinese, male, with a mean age of 57.1 ± 9.8 years and had been diagnosed with stage 2 CRC. Well-nourished patients had statistically significantly better QOL scores on symptom scales: fatigue (p<0.001), nausea and vomiting (p<0.05), and pain (p<0.001) compared to malnourished patients. PG-SGA was strongly correlated with the main domains of the QOL: global health status (r = -0.395, p<0.05), fatigue (r = 0.816, p<0.001), nausea and vomiting (r = 0.730, p<0.001) and pain (r= 0.629, p<0.001). The better the nutritional status (lower total mean score of PG-SGA), the higher the QOL (high mean score of global health status).
    Conclusion: The scored PG-SGA is suitable for use as a nutrition assessment tool to identify malnutrition and it is associated
    with QOL among this population.
    Key words: Chemotherapy, colorectal cancer patient, malnutrition, nutritional status, PGSGA score, quality of life
    Study site: Oncology clinics, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Hospital Selayang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
  20. Fulltext Knowledge and attitude related to nutritional supplements and risk of doping among national elite athletes in Malaysia
    Balaravi, B., Chin, M.Q., Samantha Quah, L.W., Ramadas, A., Karppaya, H., Chai, W.J.
    Malays J Nutr, 2017;23(3):409-423.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Often considered a legitimate strategy to enhance health and
    performance, the consumption of nutritional supplements (NS) has become
    a common practice which frequently results in unintentional doping among
    athletes. Despite a probable association between NS and doping, there are limited
    studies on this topic in developing countries such as Malaysia. Thus, this study
    aimed to identify the prevalence of NS usage among national elite athletes and
    assess their knowledge and attitude regarding its use and doping.

    Methods:
    This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Malaysian National Sports
    Institute among national elite athletes (n=50) recruited via convenience sampling.
    The athletes completed a self-administered questionnaire documenting their
    demographic characteristics, training information, NS consumption, knowledge
    and attitude related to supplement-doping. The total knowledge and attitude
    scores were compared according to demography, training information, and NS
    consumption.

    Results: The prevalence of NS use among the athletes was 72%.
    NS usage was significantly associated with training duration (p=0.029), source of
    nutrition information (p=0.047) and self-exploration on supplements (p=0.045).
    Supplement-doping knowledge was significantly higher among athletes with
    tertiary level education (p=0.027), NS users (p=0.044), those obtaining information
    from nutritionists (p=0.048) and those who had attended nutrition workshops
    (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies
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