The title compound, C(15)H(11)BrO(2), exists as a diketone in which the two benzoyl groups are nearly perpendicular to each other [dihedral angles = 79.9 (1) and 87.4 (1)° in the two independent mol-ecules].
The effects of Brij 35 micelles, CTABr micelles, and mixed Brij 35-CTABr micelles on the acid-base behavior of phenyl salicylate (PST) have been studied in aqueous solution containing 2% v/v acetonitrile. The apparent pK(b) (pK(app)(b)) of PST is decreased by 1.5 pK units with the increase in [Brij 35] from 0 to 0.02 M which is attributed to micellar medium effect. The values of pK(app)(b) remain almost independent of [CTABr] within its range 0.01-0.03 M. The increase in [CTABr] from 0 to 0.03 M in aqueous solution containing 0.02 M Brij 35 has not resulted in a change in pK(app)(b). This shows that the characeristic structural features of nonionic Brij 35 micelles remain essentially unchanged on addition of CTABr under the present experimental conditions. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.
Effects of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTABr) micelles on second-order rate constants (k(n)(obs)) for nucleophilic reactions of amines (piperidine and n-butylamine) with ionized phenyl salicylate (PS(-)) reveal a nonlinear decrease with the increase in [D(n)] (where [D(n)] = [CTABr](T) - cmc) at a constant [NaBr] and 35 degrees C. The observed data, at a constant [NaBr], fit reasonably well to a pseudophase model of micelles, and such a data fit gives kinetic parameters such as CTABr micellar binding canstant (K(S)) of PS(-). The effect of [NaBr] upon K(S) is explained with the empirical relationship K(S) = K(S)(0)/(1 + psi[NaBr]), where psi is an empirical parameter.
The title compound, [Cu(C(10)H(24)N(4))(H(2)O)(2)][CH(3)(CH(2))(10)CO(2)](2)·2H(2)O, consists of one cationic copper(II) complex, two dodeca-noate anions and two water solvent mol-ecules. The Cu(II) atom is located on an inversion center and is chelated by the four aza N atoms of the neutral 1,4,8,11-tetra-aza-cyclo-tetra-decane (cyclam) ligand and by two water mol-ecules in axial positions, giving an octa-hedral coordination geometry, distorted as a consequence of the Jahn-Teller effect. The uncoordinated water mol-ecules link the complex cations and the dodeca-noate counter-ions through O-H⋯O hydrogen bonding, forming a layer structure parallel to (001). Inter-molecular N-H⋯O inter-actions also occur.
The relationship between the Breteau index, the House index, and the occurrence of dengue/dengue hemorrhagic fever in the 6 zones of Kuala Lumpur was studied throughout 1994. Cases of dengue/dengue hemorrhagic fever varied between zones and between months, ranging from 0 to 21 cases. In most of the zones in Kuala Lumpur, the occurrence of dengue/dengue hemorrhagic fever has no relationship with the Breteau and House indices. Cases of dengue/dengue hemorrhagic fever occurred in all zones despite the low Breteau and House indices.
The Cu(II) atom in the title salt, [Cu(C(10)H(24)N(4))(H(2)O)(2)](C(8)H(7)O(2))(2)·H(2)O, is chelated by the four N atoms of the 1,4,8,11-tetra-aza-cyclo-tetra-decane (cyclam) ligand and is coordinated by two water mol-ecules in a Jahn-Teller-type of tetra-gonally distorted octa-hedral geometry. The cations, anions and lattice water mol-ecules are linked by N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds to form a layer structure parallel to (001).
The Cu(II) atom in the title salt, [Cu(C(10)H(24)N(4))(H(2)O)(2)](C(6)F(5)CO(2))(2)·2H(2)O, is chelated by the four N atoms of the 1,4,8,11-tetra-aza-cyclo-tetra-decane (cyclam) ligand and is coordinated by two water mol-ecules in a Jahn-Teller-type tetra-gonally distorted octa-hedral geometry. The Cu(II) atom lies on a center of inversion. The cations, anions and uncoordinated water mol-ecules are linked by N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a layer structure parallel to (001).
The Cu(II) atom in the title salt, [Cu(C(10)H(24)N(4))(H(2)O)(2)][CH(3)(CH(2))(8)CO(2)](2)·2H(2)O, is chelated by the four N atoms of the 1,4,8,11-tetra-aza-cyclo-tetra-decane (cyclam) ligand and is coordinated by two water mol-ecules in a Jahn-Teller-type tetra-gonally distorted octa-hedral geometry. The Cu(II) atom lies on a center of inversion. The cations, anions and uncoordinated water mol-ecules are linked by N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a layer structure parallel to (001).
The Cu(II) atom in the title salt, [Cu(C(10)H(24)N(4))(H(2)O)(2)][CH(3)(CH(2))(5)CO(2)](2)·2H(2)O, is chelated by the four N atoms of the 1,4,8,11-tetra-aza-cyclo-tetra-decane (cyclam) ligand and is coordinated by two water mol-ecules in a tetra-gonally Jahn-Teller-distorted octa-hedral geometry. The Cu(II) atom lies on a center of inversion. The cations, anions and uncoordinated water mol-ecules are linked by N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a layer structure parallel to (100). The alkyl chain of the anion is disordered over two positions in a 0.82 (1):0.18 (1) ratio.
An octa-nuclear heterobimetallic complex [Y2Cu6Cl0.7(dmae)6(OAc)7.3(OH)4(H2O)2]·3H2O·0.3CH3C6H5 (dmae = dimethylaminoethanoate; OAc = acetato) was synthesized, characterized by melting point analysis, elemental analysis, FT-IR, and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and implemented at 600 °C under an oxygen atmosphere for the deposition of Y2CuO4-5CuO composite thin films by aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition (AACVD). The chemical composition and surface morphology of the deposited thin film have been determined by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis that suggest the formation of impurity-free crystallite mixtures of the Y2CuO4-5CuO composite, with well-defined evenly distributed particles in the size range of 19-24 nm. An optical band gap energy of 1.82 eV was estimated by UV-visible spectrophotometry. PEC studies show that under illumination with a 150 W halogen lamp and at a potential of 0.8 V, a photocurrent density of 9.85 μA cm(-2) was obtained.
Symmetrical and unsymmetrical dithiocarbamato pyridine solvated and non-solvated complexes of indium(III) with the general formula [In(S2CNRR')3]·n(py) [where py = pyridine; R,R' = Cy, n = 2 (1); R,R' = (i)Pr, n = 1.5 (2); NRR' = Pip, n = 0.5 (3) and R = Bz, R' = Me, n = 0 (4)] have been synthesized. The compositions, structures and properties of these complexes have been studied by means of microanalysis, IR and (1)H-NMR spectroscopy, X-ray single crystal and thermogravimetric (TG/DTG) analyses. The applicability of these complexes as single source precursors (SSPs) for the deposition of β-In2S3 thin films on fluorine-doped SnO2 (FTO) coated conducting glass substrates by aerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition (AACVD) at temperatures of 300, 350 and 400 °C is studied. All films have been characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) for the detection of phase and stoichiometry of the deposit. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies reveal that precursors (1)-(4), irrespective of different metal ligand design, generate comparable morphologies of β-In2S3 thin films at different temperatures. Direct band gap energies of 2.2 eV have been estimated from the UV-vis spectroscopy for the β-In2S3 films fabricated from precursors (1) and (4). The photoelectrochemical (PEC) properties of β-In2S3 were confirmed by recording the current-voltage plots under light and dark conditions. The plots showed anodic photocurrent densities of 1.25 and 0.65 mA cm(-2) at 0.23 V vs. Ag/AgCl for the β-In2S3 films made at 400 and 350 °C from the precursors (1) and (4), respectively. The photoelectrochemical performance indicates that the newly synthesised precursors are highly useful in fabricating β-In2S3 electrodes for solar energy harvesting and optoelectronic application.
Perovskite-structured lead titanate thin films have been grown on FTO-coated glass substrates from a single-source heterometallic molecular complex, [PbTi(μ2-O2CCF3)4(THF)3(μ3-O)]2 (1), which was isolated in quantitative yield from the reaction of tetraacetatolead(IV), tetrabutoxytitanium(IV), and trifluoroacetic acid from a tetrahydrofuran solution. Complex 1 has been characterized by physicochemical methods such as melting point, microanalysis, FTIR, (1)H and (19)F NMR, thermal analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Thin films of lead titanate having spherical particles of various sizes have been grown from 1 by aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition at 550 °C. The thin films have been characterized by powder XRD, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. An optical band gap of 3.69 eV has been estimated by UV-visible spectrophotometry.
Objective. To develop an algorithm to measure slice thickness running on three types of Catphan phantoms with the ability to adapt to any misalignment and rotation of the phantoms.Method. Images of Catphan 500, 504, and 604 phantoms were examined. In addition, images with various slice thicknesses ranging from 1.5 to 10.0 mm, distance to the iso-center and phantom rotations were also examined. The automatic slice thickness algorithm was carried out by processing only objects within a circle having a diameter of half the diameter of the phantom. A segmentation was performed within an inner circle with dynamic thresholds to produce binary images with wire and bead objects within it. Region properties were used to distinguish wire ramps and bead objects. At each identified wire ramp, the angle was detected using the Hough transform. Profile lines were then placed on each ramp based on the centroid coordinates and detected angles, and the full-width at half maximum (FWHM) was determined for the average profile. The slice thickness was obtained by multiplying the FWHM by the tangent of the ramp angle (23°).Results. Automatic measurements work well and have only a small difference (<0.5 mm) from manual measurements. For slice thickness variation, automatic measurement successfully performs segmentation and correctly locates the profile line on all wire ramps. The results show measured slice thicknesses that are close (<3 mm) to the nominal thickness at thin slices, but slightly deviated for thicker slices. There is a strong correlation (R2= 0.873) between automatic and manual measurements. Testing the algorithm at various distances from the iso-center and phantom rotation angle also produced accurate results.Conclusion. An automated algorithm for measuring slice thickness on three types of Catphan CT phantom images has been developed. The algorithm works well on various thicknesses, distances from the iso-center, and phantom rotations.