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A Comprehensive Review of the Cosmeceutical Benefits of Vanda Species (Orchidaceae)

Hadi H, Razali SN, Awadh AI

Nat Prod Commun, 2015 Aug;10(8):1483-8.
PMID: 26434147

Orchidaceae is the largest family of flowering plants with over 35,000 species and 850 genera. About 3300 species of orchids are found in Malaysia and the diversity is highest in the Main, Keledang, Bintang and Tahan Ranges. Apart from being prized for their beauty, orchids have long been used by humans for medicinal purposes. Today the uses of orchids have been expanded to the food and cosmetics industries. Many cosmeceutical companies use orchid extracts as an active ingredient in their products. Previous studies provide riveting insights into the potential uses of orchid extracts as an active agent in cosmetics. This paper describes the cosmeceutical potential of orchids as an anti-aging, and skin moisturizing agent. Orchid extracts from Vanda coerulea and V. teres delay aging caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) following LV irradiation through their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. These extracts also show anti-aging properties by stimulating cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV), which is part of the electron transport chain in mitochondria. Stimulation of cytochrome c oxidase improves the respiratory function of mitochondria in keratinocytes. The presence of mucilage in orchids enables them to maintain skin hydration. Mucilage functions as a moisturizer and emollient due to its high water binding capacity. Additionally, orchid extracts provide skin hydration by stimulating aquaporin 3 (AQP3) and LEKTI protein expression. The presence of AQP3 leads to a five-fold increase in water permeability, which subsequently increases stratum corneum hydration. Increased LEKTI protein expression mediated by orchid extracts reduces the degradation of desmoglein-1 and enhances the structural function of desmosomes, which play important roles in preventing water evaporation.
The use of sunscreen products among final year medicine and pharmacy students: A cross-sectional study of knowledge, attitude, practice, and perception

Awadh AI, Jamshed S, Elkalmi RM, Hadi H

J Res Pharm Pract, 2016 Jul-Sep;5(3):193-9.
PMID: 27512711 DOI: 10.4103/2279-042X.185731

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the knowledge, attitude, perception, and practice of medical and pharmacy students toward the usage of sunscreen as protection for the skin against ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted among final year medical and pharmacy undergraduates at the International Islamic University Malaysia. Validated questionnaires were distributed to 134 medical students and 100 pharmacy students. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used where appropriate.
FINDINGS: One hundred and sixty-one out of 234 participants completed the questionnaires. The participants comprised 101 medical students (75.4%) and sixty pharmacy students (60.0%). The majority of the respondents were females (102; 63.4%), and 59 (36.6%) were males. The median of the knowledge scores of the final year medical students was significantly lower than that of the final year pharmacy students (P < 0.001). The female students showed significantly higher knowledge scores than the male students (P = 0.027). This study reported that 24 (39.3%) pharmacy students were influenced by the media to use sunscreen, whereas 35 (34.7%) medical students were influenced the most by friends to use sunscreen. The final year pharmacy students had a better perception compared to the medical students, with the total perception score of the final year pharmacy students being significantly higher than that of the final year medical students (P = 0.020). Most of the participants were also aware of the harmful effects of UV radiation and had a positive reaction toward the usage of sunscreen to prevent those harmful effects.
CONCLUSION: The knowledge and perception of final year pharmacy students were significantly higher than the knowledge and perception of final year medical students with regard to the usage of sunscreen.
KEYWORDS: Attitude; knowledge; perception; practice; sunscreen
Fulltext Immunization knowledge and practice among Malaysian parents: a questionnaire development and pilot-testing

Awadh AI, Hassali MA, Al-lela OQ, Bux SH, Elkalmi RM, Hadi H

BMC Public Health, 2014;14:1107.
PMID: 25346471 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-1107

Parents are the main decision makers for their children vaccinations. This fact makes parents' immunization knowledge and practices as predictor factors for immunization uptake and timeliness. The aim of this pilot study was to develop a reliable and valid instrument in Malaysian language to measure immunization knowledge and practice (KP) of Malaysian parents.
Fulltext Does an educational intervention improve parents' knowledge about immunization? Experience from Malaysia

Awadh AI, Hassali MA, Al-Lela OQ, Bux SH, Elkalmi RM, Hadi H

BMC Pediatr, 2014;14:254.
PMID: 25284603 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2431-14-254

Parents' knowledge about immunization is an important predictor factor for their children's immunization status. The aims of this study were to assess parents' knowledge and to evaluate the effect of a short educational intervention on improving parents' knowledge of childhood immunization.
Fulltext Adverse drug reactions reporting : Knowledge and opinion of general public in Penang, Malaysia

Elkalmi R, Hassali MA, Al-Lela OQ, Jawad Awadh AI, Al-Shami AK, Jamshed SQ

J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2013 Jul;5(3):224-8.
PMID: 24082699 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.116824

The objective of this study was to explore the knowledge of the general population towards ADR and their reporting system.
The investigation of the skin biophysical measurements focusing on daily activities, skin care habits, and gender differences

Hadi H, Awadh AI, Hanif NM, Md Sidik NF, Mohd Rani MR, Suhaimi MS

Skin Res Technol, 2016 May;22(2):247-54.
PMID: 26333416 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12257

Skin, as a protective barrier to exogenous substances, can be modulated by various internal and external factors that can affect its functional state. In order to prevent the early symptoms and signs of diseases of the skin, frequent skin health assessment should be performed. The aims of the study were to evaluate four skin properties of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), hydration, elasticity, and pigmentation using a non-invasive skin assessment tool, DermaLab Combo(®) , and also to determine possible factors that may influence skin condition.
Fulltext Pharmaceuticals Poisoning: Reported by the National Poison Centre in Malaysia between 2010 and 2015

Alwan IA, Awadh AI, Tangiisuran B, Khan HRM, Yahaya N, Majid MI

J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2020 10 08;12(4):475-481.
PMID: 33679096 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_340_19

Background and Purpose: The wide availability of medications has led to an increased exposure of humans to the possibility of poisoning. An unavoidable effect due to the availability of these medications has also led to a rising increment in the number of poisoning cases. All drugs, especially when administered in large doses or overextended periods, can initiate a toxic condition. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine nationwide, the patterns attributed to poisoning, and to describe the sociodemographic, and geographic distribution of poisoning, by identifying the category of substances implicated in these cases.
Data Sources and Methods: A retrospective study based on telephone calls reported on poisoning caused by pharmaceutical products undertaken by the National Poisoning Centre (NPC) in Penang (Malaysia) was used as the basis of this study covering the period between 2010 and 2015. The study included the mode and type of poisoning, exposure routes as well as the incidence locations.
Results: A total of 10,998 cases were examined, finding that females represented 5,899 cases (53.6%) being intoxicated more frequently compared to the number of males, 3,839 (34.9%). The age group of poisoning cases ranged between 20 and 29 years representing 2,579 (23.4%) of reported cases. The common mode of poisoning was attributed to suicide 5,203 (47.3%) from among the 10,998 cases and the highest poisoning agents reported were from the psychiatric group of pharmaceutical products of 2,287 (21%).
Conclusion and Implications: These findings indicate a rising trend of suicidal poisoning attempts between 2013 and 2015, which emphasizes the need for more stringent and effective enforcement protocols to limit the rising incidence of poisoning. As such, analyzing the trends in poisoning in a particular zone periodically could help health policy-makers to develop management policies and prevention strategies.
Fulltext The enlightenment from Malaysian consumers' perspective toward cosmetic products

Ayob A, Awadh AI, Jafri J, Jamshed S, Ahmad HM, Hadi H

J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2016 Jul-Sep;8(3):229-34.
PMID: 27413352 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.174232

Variety of cosmetic products was used in our daily life, yet the amount and types of the cosmetic products used by the consumers were varied, which may be due to the different perspectives held by each of the consumers.
Fulltext Incorporating an immunization course in the pharmacy curriculum: Malaysian experience

Al-lela OQ, Bahari MB, Elkalmi RM, Jawad Awadh AI

Am J Pharm Educ, 2012 Dec 12;76(10):206.
PMID: 23275671 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe7610206
Fulltext Malaysian consumers' awareness, perception, and attitude toward cosmetic products: Questionnaire development and pilot testing

Ayob A, Awadh AI, Hadi H, Jaffri J, Jamshed S, Ahmad HM

J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2016;8(3):203-9.
PMID: 27413348 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.171681

BACKGROUND: Increased usage of cosmetic products has caused a growing concern about the safety of these products, and yet little is known about cosmetics from the consumers' perspective. Hence, this study's aim is to develop a valid and reliable tool for assessing consumers' awareness, perceptions, and attitudes toward cosmetic products.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A questionnaire was developed in the English language based on information collected from a literature search, in-depth interviews conducted with consumers prior to this study and consultations with experts. Subsequently, the questionnaire was subjected to translation, validation, and test-retest reliability. A final version of the questionnaire was piloted among 66 consumers via convenient sampling. A descriptive analysis was performed, and the internal consistency and the differences between variables in the questionnaire were analyzed.
RESULTS: The developed and translated questionnaire produced repeatable data for each of the domains (Spearman's correlation ≥ 0.7, P < 0.001). The internal consistency for awareness, perceptions and attitudes indicates good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha value of more than 0.7 for each domain). Significant differences were found between the perception scores for the race, religion, and monthly expenses for cosmetic products, respectively, and the same pattern was found for the attitude scores, but monthly expenses for cosmetic products was replaced by monthly income.
CONCLUSION: The results achieved via the Bahasa Malaysia questionnaire indicated that the developed and translated questionnaire can be used as a valid and reliable tool for assessing consumers' awareness, perceptions, and attitudes toward cosmetic products in Malaysia in future studies.