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Fulltext Comparative evaluation of fracture resistance of endodontically treated maxillary premolars reinforced by customized glass fiber post in two different ways: An in vitro study

Chhabra N, Desai K, Singbal KP

J Conserv Dent, 2022;25(5):555-560.
PMID: 36506618 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_270_22

CONTEXT: Endodontically treated premolars are currently restored with direct bonded techniques in conservative manner enabling them to bear functional stresses homogeneously.
AIM: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of placement of compactable glass fibers in reinforcing the endodontically treated teeth in a novel conservative manner.
SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Research laboratory, in vitro study.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-five extracted maxillary premolars were procured. Fifteen teeth were left untreated (Group A) and the remaining teeth were endodontically treated followed by standardized mesio-occluso-distal preparation and randomly assigned to experimental groups (n = 15) as follows: (B) no restoration, (C) restoration with composite, (D) EverStick® POST followed by composite, and (E) vertical glass fibers within 3 mm of the coronal root canal space and buccopalatal flaring of the coronal fibers followed by composite. After conditioning and thermocycling, specimens were loaded under a universal testing machine to evaluate fracture resistance and fracture pattern of specimens.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Obtained scores were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance test for stress analysis, post hoc Tukey's test for intergroup comparison, and Chi-square test for analysis of favorable and unfavorable fracture.
RESULTS: The fracture resistance was highest to lowest as follows: Group A > E > C > D > B (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: EverStick®POST used in conservative manner improved fracture strength of teeth significantly.
Fulltext Efficacy of various solutions in preventing orange-brown precipitate formed during alternate use of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine: An in vitro study

Chhabra N, Gangaramani S, Singbal KP, Desai K, Gupta K

J Conserv Dent, 2018 8 21;21(4):428-432.
PMID: 30122826 DOI: 10.4103/JCD.JCD_72_18

Aim: The study evaluated the effectiveness of three intermediate endodontic irrigating solutions in eliminating the residual sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), thus preventing the formation of the orange-brown precipitate when 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) is used as the final irrigant.
Materials and Methods: A total of 40 extracted human maxillary anterior teeth were selected, disinfected, and decoronated to obtain a standardized length of 10 mm. The teeth were prepared with Protaper universal rotary files until size F4 using 2.5% NaOCl as an irrigant during instrumentation. The teeth were then randomly divided into four groups of 10 samples each based on the irrigating solutions used during final wash sequence as follows: Group A - (2.5% NaOCl and 2% CHX), Group B - (2.5% NaOCl followed by 70% Isopropyl Alcohol and 2% CHX), Group C - (2.5% NaOCl followed by 6.25% sodium metabisulfite and 2% CHX), and Group D - (2.5% NaOCl followed by 3.86% sodium Thiosulfate and 2% CHX). The roots were sectioned longitudinally and the canal surface was evaluated under dental operating microscope (×16) for the presence of orange-brown precipitate. The results were tabulated as per scoring criteria and statistically analyzed.
Statistical Analysis Used: One-way ANOVA test and post hoc Tukey's test.
Results: The lowest mean score was observed in Group C, followed by Group D and Group B, respectively. In comparison, there was a statistically significant (P < 0.001) difference in results between Group C and the other experimental groups. However, there was no statistically significant difference between Group B and Group D.
Conclusion: Sodium metabisulfite was found to be very effective in preventing the formation of orange-brown precipitate.
Triphenyl methyl phosphonium tosylate as an efficient phase transfer catalyst for ultrasound-assisted oxidative desulfurization of liquid fuel

Desai K, Dharaskar S, Khalid M, Gupta TCSM

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2021 Jun;28(21):26747-26761.
PMID: 33491146 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12391-1

The novel phosphonium-based ionic liquid (IL), triphenyl methyl phosphonium tosylate ([TPMP][Tos]), has been synthesized and applied as a phase transfer catalyst (PTC) in the ultrasound-assisted oxidative desulfurization (UAODS). Oxidation of model fuel (MF) containing dibenzothiophene (DBT) was carried out using an equimolar mixture of H2O2-CH3COOH as an oxidant at 40-70 °C in the presence of IL. The sulfur compound is converted into polar sulfone, and the maximum desulfurization efficiency was examined. The effect of process parameters such as reaction temperature, reaction time, molar ratio of oxidant to sulfur (n(O/S)), and the mass ratio of ionic liquid to model fuel (m(IL/MF)) was studied, and the conditions for maximizing the DBT conversion rate were found. Maximum conversion (> 99%) was obtained at a temperature of 70 °C with m(IL/MF) of 0.8. The oxidation reactivity of various sulfur compounds was studied at different time intervals. To verify the effect of ionic liquid and ultrasound irradiation, extractive desulfurization (EDS), oxidative desulfurization (ODS), and UAODS in the presence of IL were carried out. The experimental results show that the UAODS process gives the highest desulfurization efficiency. A kinetic study was performed to estimate the rate constant and the order of oxidation reaction.
Fulltext Alcohol and Periodontal Disease: A Narrative Review

Gandhi UH, Benjamin A, Gajjar S, Hirani T, Desai K, Suhagia BB, et al.

Cureus, 2024 Jun;16(6):e62270.
PMID: 39006719 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.62270

The scientific literature dealing with alcohol and alcoholic beverages revealed that these drinks possess an adverse impact on periodontal tissues. Additionally, other principal risk factors include tobacco, smoking, poor oral hygiene, etc. It has been observed that among chronic alcoholics, there are further issues, such as mental, social, and physical effects, that promote alcoholism. These people may have weak immunity for defense against pathogenic organisms and bacteria. Thus, chances of gingival bleeding, swollen gums, bad breath, and increased bone loss are there. Different alcoholic beverages in the market cause less salivation; these beverages contain sugars that promote acid production in the oral cavity by pathogens that demineralize the enamel and damage gum and teeth. This chronic alcohol consumption can progress into different types of oral disorders, including cancer, halitosis, and caries, and is also associated with tobacco and smoking. Chronic alcohol consumption can cause alteration of the oral microbiome and increase oral pathogens, which lead to periodontal disease and an environment of inflammation created in the body due to malnutrition, diminished immunity, altered liver condition, brain damage, and gut microbiota alteration. Heavily colored alcoholic beverages produce staining on teeth and, due to less saliva, may cause other toxic effects on the periodontium. Over-dependency on alcohol leads to necrotizing lesions such as necrotizing gingivitis, necrotizing periodontitis, and necrotizing stomatitis. These pathological impairments instigate severe damage to oral structures. Therefore, proper counseling by the attending dental surgeon and related health professionals is urgently required for the patient on the basis that the individual case needs to go away from the regular heavy consumption of alcohol.
Fulltext Evidence that breast cancer risk at the 2q35 locus is mediated through IGFBP5 regulation

Ghoussaini M, Edwards SL, Michailidou K, Nord S, Cowper-Sal Lari R, Desai K, et al.

Nat Commun, 2014 Sep 23;4:4999.
PMID: 25248036 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5999

GWAS have identified a breast cancer susceptibility locus on 2q35. Here we report the fine mapping of this locus using data from 101,943 subjects from 50 case-control studies. We genotype 276 SNPs using the 'iCOGS' genotyping array and impute genotypes for a further 1,284 using 1000 Genomes Project data. All but two, strongly correlated SNPs (rs4442975 G/T and rs6721996 G/A) are excluded as candidate causal variants at odds against >100:1. The best functional candidate, rs4442975, is associated with oestrogen receptor positive (ER+) disease with an odds ratio (OR) in Europeans of 0.85 (95% confidence interval=0.84-0.87; P=1.7 × 10(-43)) per t-allele. This SNP flanks a transcriptional enhancer that physically interacts with the promoter of IGFBP5 (encoding insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5) and displays allele-specific gene expression, FOXA1 binding and chromatin looping. Evidence suggests that the g-allele confers increased breast cancer susceptibility through relative downregulation of IGFBP5, a gene with known roles in breast cell biology.
Fulltext Author Correction: A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic

Wang K, Goldenberg A, Dorison CA, Miller JK, Uusberg A, Lerner JS, et al.

Nat Hum Behav, 2022 Sep;6(9):1318-1319.
PMID: 36002766 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-022-01441-4
Fulltext A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic

Wang K, Goldenberg A, Dorison CA, Miller JK, Uusberg A, Lerner JS, et al.

Nat Hum Behav, 2021 Aug;5(8):1089-1110.
PMID: 34341554 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-021-01173-x

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we tested the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that modifies how one thinks about a situation. Participants from 87 countries and regions (n = 21,644) were randomly assigned to one of two brief reappraisal interventions (reconstrual or repurposing) or one of two control conditions (active or passive). Results revealed that both reappraisal interventions (vesus both control conditions) consistently reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions across different measures. Reconstrual and repurposing interventions had similar effects. Importantly, planned exploratory analyses indicated that reappraisal interventions did not reduce intentions to practice preventive health behaviours. The findings demonstrate the viability of creating scalable, low-cost interventions for use around the world. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: The stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 12 May 2020. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4878591.v1.
Fulltext In COVID-19 Health Messaging, Loss Framing Increases Anxiety with Little-to-No Concomitant Benefits: Experimental Evidence from 84 Countries

Dorison CA, Lerner JS, Heller BH, Rothman AJ, Kawachi II, Wang K, et al.

Affect Sci, 2022 Sep;3(3):577-602.
PMID: 36185503 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-022-00128-3

The COVID-19 pandemic (and its aftermath) highlights a critical need to communicate health information effectively to the global public. Given that subtle differences in information framing can have meaningful effects on behavior, behavioral science research highlights a pressing question: Is it more effective to frame COVID-19 health messages in terms of potential losses (e.g., "If you do not practice these steps, you can endanger yourself and others") or potential gains (e.g., "If you practice these steps, you can protect yourself and others")? Collecting data in 48 languages from 15,929 participants in 84 countries, we experimentally tested the effects of message framing on COVID-19-related judgments, intentions, and feelings. Loss- (vs. gain-) framed messages increased self-reported anxiety among participants cross-nationally with little-to-no impact on policy attitudes, behavioral intentions, or information seeking relevant to pandemic risks. These results were consistent across 84 countries, three variations of the message framing wording, and 560 data processing and analytic choices. Thus, results provide an empirical answer to a global communication question and highlight the emotional toll of loss-framed messages. Critically, this work demonstrates the importance of considering unintended affective consequences when evaluating nudge-style interventions.
Fulltext Global Impact of COVID-19 on Stroke Care and IV Thrombolysis

Nogueira RG, Qureshi MM, Abdalkader M, Martins SO, Yamagami H, Qiu Z, et al.

Neurology, 2021 Jun 08;96(23):e2824-e2838.
PMID: 33766997 DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000011885

OBJECTIVE: To measure the global impact of COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of IV thrombolysis (IVT), IVT transfers, and stroke hospitalizations over 4 months at the height of the pandemic (March 1 to June 30, 2020) compared with 2 control 4-month periods.
METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional, observational, retrospective study across 6 continents, 70 countries, and 457 stroke centers. Diagnoses were identified by their ICD-10 codes or classifications in stroke databases.
RESULTS: There were 91,373 stroke admissions in the 4 months immediately before compared to 80,894 admissions during the pandemic months, representing an 11.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] -11.7 to -11.3, p < 0.0001) decline. There were 13,334 IVT therapies in the 4 months preceding compared to 11,570 procedures during the pandemic, representing a 13.2% (95% CI -13.8 to -12.7, p < 0.0001) drop. Interfacility IVT transfers decreased from 1,337 to 1,178, or an 11.9% decrease (95% CI -13.7 to -10.3, p = 0.001). Recovery of stroke hospitalization volume (9.5%, 95% CI 9.2-9.8, p < 0.0001) was noted over the 2 later (May, June) vs the 2 earlier (March, April) pandemic months. There was a 1.48% stroke rate across 119,967 COVID-19 hospitalizations. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was noted in 3.3% (1,722/52,026) of all stroke admissions.
CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a global decline in the volume of stroke hospitalizations, IVT, and interfacility IVT transfers. Primary stroke centers and centers with higher COVID-19 inpatient volumes experienced steeper declines. Recovery of stroke hospitalization was noted in the later pandemic months.