Fulltext

A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic

Wang K 1 , Goldenberg A 2 , Dorison CA 3 , Miller JK 4 , Uusberg A 5 , Lerner JS 6 Show all authors , Gross JJ 7 , Agesin BB 8 , Bernardo M 9 , Campos O 10 , Eudave L 11 , Grzech K 12 , Ozery DH 13 , Jackson EA 14 , Garcia EOL 15 , Drexler SM 16 , Jurković AP 17 , Rana K 18 , Wilson JP 19 , Antoniadi M 20 , Desai K 21 , Gialitaki Z 22 , Kushnir E 23 , Nadif K 24 , Bravo ON 25 , Nauman R 26 , Oosterlinck M 27 , Pantazi M 28 , Pilecka N 29 , Szabelska A 30 , van Steenkiste IMM 31 , Filip K 32 , Bozdoc AI 33 , Marcu GM 33 , Agadullina E 34 , Adamkovič M 35 , Roczniewska M 36 , Reyna C 37 , Kassianos AP 38 , Westerlund M 39 , Ahlgren L 40 , Pöntinen S 40 , Adetula GA 41 , Dursun P 42 , Arinze AI 43 , Arinze NC 43 , Ogbonnaya CE 43 , Ndukaihe ILG 43 , Dalgar I 44 , Akkas H 45 , Macapagal PM 46 , Lewis S 47 , Metin-Orta I 48 , Foroni F 49 , Willis M 50 , Santos AC 51 , Mokady A 52 , Reggev N 53 , Kurfali MA 54 , Vasilev MR 55 , Nock NL 56 , Parzuchowski M 57 , Espinoza Barría MF 58 , Vranka M 59 , Kohlová MB 60 , Ropovik I 61 , Harutyunyan M 62 , Wang C 63 , Yao E 64 , Becker M 65 , Manunta E 65 , Kaminski G 65 , Boudesseu J 66 , Marko D 67 , Evans K 68 , Lewis DMG 68 , Findor A 69 , Landry AT 70 , Aruta JJB 71 , Ortiz MS 72 , Vally Z 73 , Pronizius E 74 , Voracek M 74 , Lamm C 74 , Grinberg M 75 , Li R 76 , Valentova JV 77 , Mioni G 78 , Cellini N 78 , Chen SC 79 , Zickfeld J 80 , Moon K 81 , Azab H 82 , Levy N 83 , Karababa A 84 , Beaudry JL 85 , Boucher L 86 , Collins WM 87 , Todsen AL 88 , van Schie K 89 , Vintr J 90 , Bavolar J 91 , Kaliska L 92 , Križanić V 93 , Samojlenko L 94 , Pourafshari R 95 , Geiger SJ 96 , Beitner J 97 , Warmelink L 98 , Ross RM 99 , Stephen ID 99 , Hostler TJ 100 , Azouaghe S 101 , McCarthy R 102 , Szala A 103 , Grano C 104 , Solorzano CS 104 , Anjum G 105 , Jimenez-Leal W 106 , Bradford M 106 , Pérez LC 106 , Cruz Vásquez JE 106 , Galindo-Caballero OJ 106 , Vargas-Nieto JC 106 , Kácha O 107 , Arvanitis A 108 , Xiao Q 109 , Cárcamo R 110 , Zorjan S 111 , Tajchman Z 112 , Vilares I 112 , Pavlacic JM 113 , Kunst JR 114 , Tamnes CK 114 , von Bastian CC 115 , Atari M 116 , Sharifian M 117 , Hricova M 91 , Kačmár P 91 , Schrötter J 91 , Rahal RM 118 , Cohen N 119 , FatahModares S 120 , Zrimsek M 121 , Zakharov I 122 , Koehn MA 123 , Esteban-Serna C 124 , Calin-Jageman RJ 125 , Krafnick AJ 125 , Štrukelj E 126 , Isager PM 127 , Urban J 60 , Silva JR 128 , Martončik M 129 , Očovaj SB 130 , Šakan D 130 , Kuzminska AO 131 , Djordjevic JM 132 , Almeida IAT 133 , Ferreira A 133 , Lazarevic LB 134 , Manley H 135 , Ricaurte DZ 136 , Monteiro RP 137 , Etabari Z 138 , Musser E 139 , Dunleavy D 140 , Chou W 141 , Godbersen H 142 , Ruiz-Fernández S 143 , Reeck C 144 , Batres C 145 , Kirgizova K 146 , Muminov A 147 , Azevedo F 148 , Alvarez DS 149 , Butt MM 150 , Lee JM 151 , Chen Z 152 , Verbruggen F 152 , Ziano I 153 , Tümer M 154 , Charyate ACA 155 , Dubrov D 34 , Tejada Rivera MDCMC 156 , Aberson C 157 , Pálfi B 158 , Maldonado MA 159 , Hubena B 59 , Sacakli A 160 , Ceary CD 14 , Richard KL 14 , Singer G 161 , Perillo JT 162 , Ballantyne T 163 , Cyrus-Lai W 164 , Fedotov M 165 , Du H 166 , Wielgus M 167 , Pit IL 168 , Hruška M 169 , Sousa D 170 , Aczel B 171 , Hajdu N 171 , Szaszi B 171 , Adamus S 32 , Barzykowski K 32 , Micheli L 172 , Schmidt ND 173 , Zsido AN 174 , Paruzel-Czachura M 175 , Muda R 176 , Bialek M 177 , Kowal M 177 , Sorokowska A 177 , Misiak M 177 , Mola D 178 , Ortiz MV 178 , Correa PS 178 , Belaus A 178 , Muchembled F 179 , Ribeiro RR 180 , Arriaga P 180 , Oliveira R 180 , Vaughn LA 181 , Szwed P 182 , Kossowska M 183 , Czarnek G 184 , Kielińska J 184 , Antazo B 185 , Betlehem R 186 , Stieger S 187 , Nilsonne G 188 , Simonovic N 189 , Taber J 189 , Gourdon-Kanhukamwe A 190 , Domurat A 191 , Ihaya K 192 , Yamada Y 193 , Urooj A 194 , Gill T 195 , Čadek M 196 , Bylinina L 197 , Messerschmidt J 198 , Kurfalı M 199 , Adetula A 200 , Baklanova E 201 , Albayrak-Aydemir N 202 , Kappes HB 203 , Gjoneska B 204 , House T 205 , Jones MV 100 , Berkessel JB 206 , Chopik WJ 207 , Çoksan S 208 , Seehuus M 209 , Khaoudi A 210 , Bokkour A 210 , El Arabi KA 210 , Djamai I 210 , Iyer A 211 , Parashar N 211 , Adiguzel A 212 , Kocalar HE 212 , Bundt C 213 , Norton JO 214 , Papadatou-Pastou M 215 , De la Rosa-Gomez A 216 , Ankushev V 34 , Bogatyreva N 34 , Grigoryev D 34 , Ivanov A 34 , Prusova I 34 , Romanova M 34 , Sarieva I 34 , Terskova M 34 , Hristova E 217 , Kadreva VH 217 , Janak A 218 , Schei V 219 , Sverdrup TE 219 , Askelund AD 220 , Pineda LMS 221 , Krupić D 222 , Levitan CA 223 , Johannes N 28 , Ouherrou N 224 , Say N 225 , Sinkolova S 226 , Janjić K 226 , Stojanovska M 226 , Stojanovska D 226 , Khosla M 227 , Thomas AG 228 , Kung FYH 229 , Bijlstra G 230 , Mosannenzadeh F 231 , Balci BB 232 , Reips UD 233 , Baskin E 234 , Ishkhanyan B 235 , Czamanski-Cohen J 236 , Dixson BJW 237 , Moreau D 238 , Sutherland CAM 239 , Chuan-Peng H 240 , Noone C 241 , Flowe H 242 , Anne M 243 , Janssen SMJ 244 , Topor M 245 , Majeed NM 246 , Kunisato Y 247 , Yu K 248 , Daches S 249 , Hartanto A 246 , Vdovic M 250 , Anton-Boicuk L 251 , Forbes PAG 251 , Kamburidis J 252 , Marinova E 252 , Nedelcheva-Datsova M 252 , Rachev NR 252 , Stoyanova A 252 , Schmidt K 253 , Suchow JW 254 , Koptjevskaja-Tamm M 255 , Jernsäther T 256 , Olofsson JK 256 , Bialobrzeska O 257 , Marszalek M 258 , Tatachari S 259 , Afhami R 260 , Law W 261 , Antfolk J 262 , Žuro B 263 , Van Doren N 264 , Soto JA 264 , Searston R 265 , Miranda J 266 , Damnjanović K 267 , Yeung SK 268 , Krupić D 269 , Hoyer K 270 , Jaeger B 270 , Ren D 271 , Pfuhl G 272 , Klevjer K 272 , Corral-Frías NS 273 , Frias-Armenta M 273 , Lucas MY 274 , Torres AO 156 , Toro M 275 , Delgado LGJ 276 , Vega D 277 , Solas SÁ 278 , Vilar R 279 , Massoni S 280 , Frizzo T 280 , Bran A 281 , Vaidis DC 281 , Vieira L 282 , Paris B 283 , Capizzi M 284 , Coelho GLH 285 , Greenburgh A 286 , Whitt CM 287 , Tullett AM 288 , Du X 289 , Volz L 289 , Bosma MJ 290 , Karaarslan C 291 , Sarıoğuz E 292 , Allred TB 293 , Korbmacher M 294 , Colloff MF 295 , Lima TJS 296 , Ribeiro MFF 297 , Verharen JPH 298 , Karekla M 299 , Karashiali C 38 , Sunami N 300 , Jaremka LM 300 , Storage D 301 , Habib S 302 , Studzinska A 303 , Hanel PHP 304 , Holford DL 304 , Sirota M 304 , Wolfe K 304 , Chiu F 305 , Theodoropoulou A 306 , Ahn ER 307 , Lin Y 308 , Westgate EC 307 , Brohmer H 309 , Hofer G 309 , Dujols O 200 , Vezirian K 200 , Feldman G 310 , Travaglino GA 311 , Ahmed A 312 , Li M 313 , Bosch J 314 , Torunsky N 315 , Bai H 316 , Manavalan M 315 , Song X 315 , Walczak RB 317 , Zdybek P 317 , Friedemann M 318 , Rosa AD 319 , Kozma L 174 , Alves SG 320 , Lins S 320 , Pinto IR 320 , Correia RC 321 , Babinčák P 322 , Banik G 323 , Rojas-Berscia LM 324 , Varella MAC 77 , Uttley J 325 , Beshears JE 326 , Thommesen KK 88 , Behzadnia B 327 , Geniole SN 328 , Silan MA 329 , Maturan PLG 330 , Vilsmeier JK 331 , Tran US 332 , Izquierdo SM 333 , Mensink MC 334 , Sorokowski P 177 , Groyecka-Bernard A 335 , Radtke T 336 , Adoric VC 337 , Carpentier J 338 , Özdoğru AA 339 , Joy-Gaba JA 340 , Hedgebeth MV 340 , Ishii T 341 , Wichman AL 342 , Röer JP 343 , Ostermann T 343 , Davis WE 344 , Suter L 345 , Papachristopoulos K 346 , Zabel C 1 , Onie S 347 , Ebersole CR 348 , Chartier CR 349 , Mallik PR 350 , Urry HL 351 , Buchanan EM 352 , Coles NA 353 , Primbs MA 230 , Basnight-Brown DM 354 , IJzerman H 355 , Forscher PS 200 , Moshontz H 356

Affiliations 

  • 1 Harvard Kennedy School, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
  • 2 Harvard Business School, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
  • 3 Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
  • 4 Department of Psychology, Willamette University, Salem, OR, USA. millerj@willamette.edu
  • 5 Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
  • 6 Harvard Kennedy School and Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
  • 7 Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
  • 8 Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Nigeria
  • 9 Faculdade de Psicologia e Ciências da Educação, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
  • 10 University of Deusto, Barakaldo, Spain
  • 11 University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
  • 12 University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
  • 13 California State University, Northridge, Los Angeles, CA, USA
  • 14 Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA, USA
  • 15 Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
  • 16 Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
  • 17 Kindergarten Kustošija, Zagreb, Croatia
  • 18 GC University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
  • 19 Montclair State University, Jersey City, NJ, USA
  • 20 European University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
  • 21 Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Akron, PA, USA
  • 22 Leiden University, Culemborg, The Netherlands
  • 23 , Stockholm, Sweden
  • 24 , Poggio Imperiale, Italy
  • 25 , Barakaldo, Spain
  • 26 , Islamabad, Pakistan
  • 27 , Gent, Belgium
  • 28 Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
  • 29 , Warsaw, Poland
  • 30 Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Ireland
  • 31 Universiteit Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
  • 32 Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
  • 33 Department of Psychology, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Sibiu, Romania
  • 34 National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
  • 35 Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Presov, Presov, Slovakia
  • 36 Department of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Sopot, Poland
  • 37 Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas (IIPSI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
  • 38 Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
  • 39 Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
  • 40 Faculty of Arts, Psychology and Theology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
  • 41 Department of Pure and Applied Psychology, Faculty of Social and Management Sciences, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba, Nigeria
  • 42 Department of Psychology, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
  • 43 Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Ndufu-Alike, Nigeria
  • 44 Department of Psychology, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara, Turkey
  • 45 MIS Department, Ankara Science University, Ankara, Turkey
  • 46 School of Psychology, Arellano University, Manila, Philippines
  • 47 Ashland University, Ashland, OH, USA
  • 48 Department of Psychology, Atilim University, Ankara, Turkey
  • 49 Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
  • 50 School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
  • 51 Aventura Social and DESSH, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
  • 52 Department of Psychology, Ben Gurion University, Beersheba, Israel
  • 53 Department of Psychology and Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben Gurion University, Beersheba, Israel
  • 54 Department of Political Science, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
  • 55 Department of Psychology, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK
  • 56 Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
  • 57 Center for Research on Cognition and Behavior, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities in Sopot, Sopot, Poland
  • 58 Centre of Attachment and Emotional Regulation (CARE), Universidad del Desarrollo, Las Condes, Chile
  • 59 Charles University, Prague, Czechia
  • 60 Environment Center, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
  • 61 Institute for Research and Development of Education, Faculty of Education, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
  • 62 Institute of Economic Studies, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
  • 63 Chinese Center of Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
  • 64 Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, USA
  • 65 CLLE, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
  • 66 Facultad de Psicología, Instituto de Investigación Científica, Universidad de Lima, Lima, Perú
  • 67 Cognitive Science, Faculty of Education, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
  • 68 College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
  • 69 Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
  • 70 Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
  • 71 De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines
  • 72 Departamento de Psicología, Laboratorio de Estrés y Salud, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
  • 73 Department of Clinical Psychology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
  • 74 Department of Cognition, Emotion and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
  • 75 Department of Cognitive Science and Psychology, Research Center for Cognitive Science, New Bulgarian University, Sofia, Bulgaria
  • 76 Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
  • 77 Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
  • 78 Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
  • 79 Department of Human Development and Psychology, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
  • 80 Department of Management, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
  • 81 Department of Management, Kingston University London, Kingston, UK
  • 82 Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
  • 83 Department of Philosophy, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
  • 84 Department of Psychological Counselling and Guidance, Faculty of Education, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
  • 85 Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
  • 86 Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Nova Southeastern University, Pembroke Pines, FL, USA
  • 87 Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
  • 88 School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
  • 89 Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
  • 90 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
  • 91 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
  • 92 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Matej Bel University, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia
  • 93 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
  • 94 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
  • 95 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
  • 96 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
  • 97 Department of Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
  • 98 Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
  • 99 Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
  • 100 Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
  • 101 Department of Psychology, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
  • 102 Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA
  • 103 Department of Psychology, Oakland University, Oakland County, MI, USA
  • 104 Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
  • 105 Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
  • 106 Department of Psychology, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
  • 107 Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
  • 108 Department of Psychology, University of Crete, Rethymno, Greece
  • 109 Department of Psychology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
  • 110 Department of Psychology, University of Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
  • 111 Department of Psychology, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
  • 112 Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
  • 113 Department of Psychology, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
  • 114 Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
  • 115 Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
  • 116 Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
  • 117 Department of Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
  • 118 Department of Social Psychology, Tilburg University, Bonn, Germany
  • 119 Department of Special Education and The Edmond J. Safra Brain Research Center for the Study of Learning Disabilities, University of Haifa, Tel Aviv, Israel
  • 120 Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
  • 121 Department of Translation Studies, Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
  • 122 Developmental Behavioral Genetics Laboratory, Psychological Institute of the Russian Academy of Education, Moscow, Russia
  • 123 Discipline of Psychology, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
  • 124 Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
  • 125 Psychology Department, Dominican University, River Forest, IL, USA
  • 126 Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
  • 127 Department of Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
  • 128 Facultad de Psicología, Universidad del Desarrollo, Concepción, Chile
  • 129 Faculty of Arts, University of Presov, Prešov, Slovakia
  • 130 Dr Lazar Vrkatic Faculty of Legal and Business Studies, Novi Sad, Serbia
  • 131 Faculty of Management, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
  • 132 Faculty of Media and Communication, Singidunum University, Belgrade, Serbia
  • 133 Faculty of Medicine FMUC, Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health ICNAS, Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research CIBIT, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
  • 134 Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
  • 135 Faculty of Psychology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
  • 136 Faculty of Psychology, Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz, Bogotá, Colombia
  • 137 Department of Psychology, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
  • 138 Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
  • 139 Center for Children and Families, Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
  • 140 Center for Translational Behavioral Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
  • 141 Department of Psychology, Fo Guang University, Yilan County, Taiwan
  • 142 FOM University of Applied Sciences, Essen, Germany
  • 143 FOM University of Applied Sciences, Essen; Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Tübingen, Germany
  • 144 Fox School of Business, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
  • 145 Department of Psychology, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA, USA
  • 146 , Florence, Italy
  • 147 , Samarkand, Uzbekistan
  • 148 Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
  • 149 Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz, Bogotá, Colombia
  • 150 GC University, Lahore, Pakistan
  • 151 Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
  • 152 Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
  • 153 Grenoble Ecole de Management, Grenoble, France
  • 154 Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
  • 155 Higher College of Education and Training, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
  • 156 Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
  • 157 Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA, USA
  • 158 Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
  • 159 , Puebla, Mexico
  • 160 , Ankara, Turkey
  • 161 Department of Psychology, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Saint Michael, PA, USA
  • 162 Department of Psychology, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA, USA
  • 163 Indiana University Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA, USA
  • 164 INSEAD, Singapore, Singapore
  • 165 Institute for Linguistic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
  • 166 Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Guangzhou, China
  • 167 Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
  • 168 Institute of Cognitive and Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
  • 169 Institute of European Studies and International Relations, Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
  • 170 Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health ICNAS, Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research CIBIT, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
  • 171 Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
  • 172 Institute of Psychology, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
  • 173 Institute of Psychology, University of Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany
  • 174 Institute of Psychology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
  • 175 Institute of Psychology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
  • 176 Faculty of Economics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland
  • 177 Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, Wrocław, Poland
  • 178 Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas (IIPsi), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba-Conicet, Córdoba, Argentina
  • 179 Instituto Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Hermosillo, Mexico
  • 180 CIS-IUL, Iscte-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
  • 181 Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY, USA
  • 182 Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
  • 183 Department of Philosophy, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
  • 184 Instytute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Czestochowa, Poland
  • 185 Department of Psychology, Jose Rizal University, Pasig City, Philippines
  • 186 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
  • 187 Department of Psychology and Psychodynamics, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau, Austria
  • 188 Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
  • 189 Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
  • 190 Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education (IGDORE), Kingston University, London, UK
  • 191 Centre for Economic Psychology and Decision Sciences, Kozminski University, Warsaw, Poland
  • 192 Admission Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
  • 193 Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
  • 194 La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
  • 195 Lazaridis School of Business and Economics, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
  • 196 Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, London, UK
  • 197 Leiden University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
  • 198 Institute of Psychology, Leipzig University, Heidelberg, Germany
  • 199 Linguistics Department, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
  • 200 LIP/PC2S, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
  • 201 Institute of Asian and African Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
  • 202 London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
  • 203 Department of Management, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
  • 204 Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, North Macedonia
  • 205 Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
  • 206 Mannheim Centre for European Social Research, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
  • 207 Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
  • 208 Department of Psychology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
  • 209 Department of Psychology, Middlebury College; Vermont Psychological Services, University of Vermont, Middlebury, VT, USA
  • 210 Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
  • 211 Sampurna Montfort College, Bangalore, India
  • 212 Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
  • 213 Multimodal Imaging and Cognitive Control Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
  • 214 College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Lesmurdie, Australia
  • 215 National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
  • 216 Faculty of Higher Studies "Iztacala", National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
  • 217 Department of Cognitive Science and Psychology, New Bulgarian University, Sofia, Bulgaria
  • 218 Department of Applied Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
  • 219 NHH Norwegian School of Economics, Department of Strategy and Management, Bergen, Norway
  • 220 Nic Waals Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
  • 221 Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
  • 222 Norvel-Psychological Centre for Counselling and Research, Osijek, Croatia
  • 223 Department of Cognitive Science, Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA, USA
  • 224 Paul Valery Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
  • 225 Prague University of Economics and Business, Prague, Czechia
  • 226 PSA Psihesko, Skopje, North Macedonia
  • 227 Psychology Department, DRC, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
  • 228 Psychology Department, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
  • 229 Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
  • 230 Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
  • 231 Behavioural Science Institute, Faculty of Social Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
  • 232 Department of Psychology, Samsun University, Samsun, Turkey
  • 233 Research Methods, Assessment, and iScience, Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
  • 234 Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
  • 235 School of Communication and Culture, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
  • 236 School of Creative Arts Therapies, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
  • 237 School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
  • 238 School of Psychology and Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
  • 239 School of Psychology, King's College, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
  • 240 School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
  • 241 School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
  • 242 School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
  • 243 School of Psychology, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
  • 244 School of Psychology, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  • 245 School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
  • 246 School of Social Sciences, Singapore Management University, Singapore, Singapore
  • 247 Department of Psychology, Senshu University, Tokyo, Japan
  • 248 Sewanee: The University of the South, Sewanee, TN, USA
  • 249 Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
  • 250 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Media and Communications, Singidunum University, Belgrade, Serbia
  • 251 Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
  • 252 Department of General, Experimental, Developmental, and Health Psychology, Sofia University St Kliment Ohridski, Sofia, Bulgaria
  • 253 School of Psychological and Behavioral Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
  • 254 School of Business, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA
  • 255 Department of Linguistics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
  • 256 Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
  • 257 SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
  • 258 SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Gdansk, Poland
  • 259 T A Pai Management Institute, Manipal, India
  • 260 Department of Art Studies, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
  • 261 Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
  • 262 The Faculty of Arts, Psychology and Theology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
  • 263 The Institute of Psychology; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
  • 264 Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
  • 265 The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
  • 266 Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
  • 267 Laboratory for Experimental Psychology, Institute of Philosophy, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, The University of Belgrade, Beograd-Stari Grad, Serbia
  • 268 The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
  • 269 Faculty of Humanities and Social Science, The University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
  • 270 Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
  • 271 Department of Social Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
  • 272 Department of Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
  • 273 Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Mexico
  • 274 Department of Psychology, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Mexico
  • 275 Centro de Apego y Regulación Emocional, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
  • 276 Programa de Psicología, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
  • 277 Universidad Latina de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
  • 278 Grupo de investigación en Biogeografía y Ecología Espacial (BioGeoE2), Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Tena, Ecuador
  • 279 Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, Brazil
  • 280 Université de Lorraine; CNRS, BETA, Université de Strasbourg, Nancy, France
  • 281 Université de Paris, Paris, France
  • 282 Université de Paris, Strasbourg, France
  • 283 Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
  • 284 Université Paul Valéry Montpellier, Granada, Spain
  • 285 University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
  • 286 Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London, London, UK
  • 287 University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
  • 288 Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
  • 289 University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
  • 290 Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
  • 291 Department of Psychology, Institute of Social Sciences, University of Başkent, Ankara, Turkey
  • 292 Department of Psychology, Institute of Social Sciences, University of Başkent, Çankaya, Turkey
  • 293 Laboratory for Research of Individual Differences, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
  • 294 Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
  • 295 University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
  • 296 Department of Social and Work Psychology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
  • 297 Institute of Psychology, University of Brasilia, Uberaba, Brazil
  • 298 Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
  • 299 University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
  • 300 Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
  • 301 Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
  • 302 Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  • 303 University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
  • 304 University of Essex, Colchester, UK
  • 305 Department of Language and Linguistics, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
  • 306 Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
  • 307 Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
  • 308 Department of Psychology, University of Florida, New York, NY, USA
  • 309 Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
  • 310 University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
  • 311 School of Psychology, Keynes College, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
  • 312 Department of Psychology, Global MINDS, University of Limerick, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  • 313 University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, USA
  • 314 University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
  • 315 Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
  • 316 University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN, USA
  • 317 Institute of Psychology, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
  • 318 University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
  • 319 Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Zovencedo, Italy
  • 320 Center for Psychology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  • 321 Center for Psychology, University of Porto, Amarante, Portugal
  • 322 Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Presov, Prešov, Slovakia
  • 323 Institute of Psychology, University of Presov, Prešov, Slovakia
  • 324 School of Languages and Cultures, University of Queensland, Lucia, Queensland, Australia
  • 325 School of Architecture, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
  • 326 University of Southern Indiana, Greenwood, IN, USA
  • 327 University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
  • 328 Department of Psychology, University of the Fraser Valley, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
  • 329 University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
  • 330 Department of Psychology, University of the Philippines Diliman, Metro Manila, Philippines
  • 331 Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
  • 332 Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
  • 333 University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
  • 334 Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Stout, White Bear Township, WI, USA
  • 335 Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw; Social and Legal Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Wrocław, Poland
  • 336 Department of Psychology, University of Wuppertal, Witten, Germany
  • 337 Department of Psychology, University of Zadar, Zadar, Croatia
  • 338 Department of Organization and Human Resources, School of Management, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
  • 339 Department of Psychology, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
  • 340 Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
  • 341 Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
  • 342 Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, USA
  • 343 Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
  • 344 Department of Psychology, Wittenberg University, Springfield, OH, USA
  • 345 School of Applied Psychology, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
  • 346 Athens University of Economic and Business, Athens, Greece
  • 347 Black Dog Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
  • 348 University of Virginia, Denver, CO, USA
  • 349 Department of Psychology, Ashland University, Ashland, OH, USA
  • 350 Department of Psychology, Ashland University, Medina, OH, USA
  • 351 Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
  • 352 Harrisburg University of Science and Technology, Bethlehem, PA, USA
  • 353 Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
  • 354 United States International University-Africa, Nairobi, Kenya
  • 355 Université Grenoble Alpes; Institut Universitaire de France, Grenoble, France
  • 356 Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
Nat Hum Behav, 2021 Aug;5(8):1089-1110.
PMID: 34341554 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-021-01173-x

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we tested the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that modifies how one thinks about a situation. Participants from 87 countries and regions (n = 21,644) were randomly assigned to one of two brief reappraisal interventions (reconstrual or repurposing) or one of two control conditions (active or passive). Results revealed that both reappraisal interventions (vesus both control conditions) consistently reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions across different measures. Reconstrual and repurposing interventions had similar effects. Importantly, planned exploratory analyses indicated that reappraisal interventions did not reduce intentions to practice preventive health behaviours. The findings demonstrate the viability of creating scalable, low-cost interventions for use around the world. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: The stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 12 May 2020. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4878591.v1.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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