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Modified dynamic gracilis neosphincter for fecal incontinence: an analysis of functional outcome at a single institution

Hassan MZ, Rathnayaka MM, Deen KI

World J Surg, 2010 Jul;34(7):1641-7.
PMID: 20180122 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-010-0489-1

We undertook a prospective longitudinal study of patients with end-stage fecal incontinence who were undergoing transposition of the gracilis muscle as a neo-anal sphincter with external low-frequency electrical stimulation of the nerve to the gracilis combined with biofeedback.
Fulltext Recent Progress of Rice Husk Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Review

Suhot MA, Hassan MZ, Aziz SA, Md Daud MY

Polymers (Basel), 2021 Jul 21;13(15).
PMID: 34371993 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152391

Recently, because of the rising population, carbon overloading, and environmental distress, human beings have needed to increase awareness and responsibility for the reduction of agricultural waste. The utilization of agricultural waste as a filler material in reinforced polymers is a fascinating discovery. This review paper attempts to study the physical, mechanical, and thermal behavior of rice husk (RH) as a fiber for reinforcing various synthetic polymers, based on recent studies, conducted between 2017 and 2021. It also highlights that advanced modification techniques could further improve the performance of composites by tailoring the physical and chemical substances of the fiber or matrix. The thermal properties, including flame-retardance and thermal behavior, are also discussed. The characteristics of the fiber-matrix interaction between RH and the polymer matrix provide essential insights into the future-ready applications of this agricultural waste fiber. The way forward in researching RH polymer composites is finally reviewed.
Fulltext Evaluation of Physico-Mechanical Properties on Oil Extracted Ground Coffee Waste Reinforced Polyethylene Composite

Kuan HTN, Tan MY, Hassan MZ, Zuhri MYM

Polymers (Basel), 2022 Nov 02;14(21).
PMID: 36365671 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214678

The current work discusses ground coffee waste (GCW) reinforced high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composite. GCW underwent two types of treatment (oil extraction, and oil extraction followed by mercerization). The composites were prepared using stacking HDPE film and GCW, followed by hot compression molding with different GCW particle loadings (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%). Particle loadings of 5% and 10% of the treated GCW composites exhibited the optimum level for this particular type of composite, whereby their mechanical and thermal properties were improved compared to untreated GCW composite (UGC). SEM fracture analysis showed better adhesion between HDPE and treated GCW. The FTIR conducted proved the removal of unwanted impurities and reduction in water absorption after the treatment. Specific tensile modulus improved for OGC at 5 vol% particle loading. The highest impact energy absorbed was obtained by OGC with a 16% increment. This lightweight and environmentally friendly composite has potential in high-end packaging, internal automotive parts, lightweight furniture, and other composite engineering applications.
Fulltext Emerging Trends in Nanotechnology: Aerogel-Based Materials for Biomedical Applications

Bakhori NM, Ismail Z, Hassan MZ, Dolah R

Nanomaterials (Basel), 2023 Mar 15;13(6).
PMID: 36985957 DOI: 10.3390/nano13061063

At present, aerogel is one of the most interesting materials globally. The network of aerogel consists of pores with nanometer widths, which leads to a variety of functional properties and broad applications. Aerogel is categorized as inorganic, organic, carbon, and biopolymers, and can be modified by the addition of advanced materials and nanofillers. Herein, this review critically discusses the basic preparation of aerogel from the sol-gel reaction with derivation and modification of a standard method to produce various aerogels for diverse functionalities. In addition, the biocompatibility of various types of aerogels were elaborated. Then, biomedical applications of aerogel were focused on this review as a drug delivery carrier, wound healing agent, antioxidant, anti-toxicity, bone regenerative, cartilage tissue activities and in dental fields. The clinical status of aerogel in the biomedical sector is shown to be similarly far from adequate. Moreover, due to their remarkable properties, aerogels are found to be preferably used as tissue scaffolds and drug delivery systems. The advanced studies in areas including self-healing, additive manufacturing (AM) technology, toxicity, and fluorescent-based aerogel are crucially important and are further addressed.
Fulltext Therapeutic potential of coumarins as antiviral agents

Hassan MZ, Osman H, Ali MA, Ahsan MJ

Eur J Med Chem, 2016 Nov 10;123:236-255.
PMID: 27484512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.07.056

Coumarins have received a considerable attention in the last three decades as a lead structures for the discovery of orally bioavailable non-peptidic antiviral agents. A lot of structurally diverse coumarins analogues were found to display remarkable array of affinity with the different molecular targets for antiviral agents and slight modifications around the central motif result in pronounced changes in its antiviral spectrum. This manuscript thoroughly reviews the design, discovery and structure-activity relationship studies of the coumarin analogues as antiviral agents focusing mainly on lead optimization and its development into clinical candidates.
Severe anti-D haemolytic disease of fetal and newborn in rhesus D negative primigravida

Hassan MZ, Iberahim S, Abdul Rahman WSW, Zulkafli Z, Bahar R, Ramli M, et al.

Malays J Pathol, 2019 Apr;41(1):55-58.
PMID: 31025639

INTRODUCTION: Anti-D alloimmunisation may occur from the blood transfusion or fetomaternal haemorrhage which can lead to haemolytic disease of fetal and newborn (HDFN). The morbidity and mortality of HDFN related to anti-D is significantly reduced after introduction of anti-D prophylaxis and furthermore, anti-D HDFN in RhD negative primigravida is uncommonly seen.
CASE REPORT: A case of unusual severe HDFN due to anti-D alloimmunisation in undiagnosed RhD negative primigravida Malay woman is reported here. This case illustrates the possibility of an anamnestic response from previous unknown sensitisation event or the development of anti-D in mid trimester. The newborn expired due to hydrops fetalis and severe anaemia. Antenatally, the mother was identified as RhD positive and thus there was no antenatal antibody screening, antepartum anti-D prophylaxis or close fetal monitoring for HDFN.
DISCUSSION: The thorough antenatal ABO and RhD blood grouping with antibody screening is mandatory as part of prevention and early detection of HDFN especially due to anti-D alloimmunisation. Improper management of RhD negative women might lead to severe HDFN including in primigravida.
Fulltext Physicomechanical Properties of Rice Husk/Coco Peat Reinforced Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Blend Composites

Norhasnan NHA, Hassan MZ, Nor AFM, Zaki SA, Dolah R, Jamaludin KR, et al.

Polymers (Basel), 2021 Apr 06;13(7).
PMID: 33917337 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071171

Utilizing agro-waste material such as rice husk (RH) and coco peat (CP) reinforced with thermoplastic resin to produce low-cost green composites is a fascinating discovery. In this study, the effectiveness of these blended biocomposites was evaluated for their physical, mechanical, and thermal properties. Initially, the samples were fabricated by using a combination of melt blend internal mixer and injection molding techniques. Increasing in RH content increased the coupons density. However, it reduced the water vapor kinetics sorption of the biocomposite. Moisture absorption studies disclosed that water uptake was significantly increased with the increase of coco peat (CP) filler. It showed that the mechanical properties, including tensile modulus, flexural modulus, and impact strength of the 15% RH-5% CP reinforced acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), gave the highest value. Results also revealed that all RH/CP filled composites exhibited a brittle fracture manner. Observation on the tensile morphology surfaces by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) affirmed the above finding to be satisfactory. Therefore, it can be concluded that blend-agriculture waste reinforced ABS biocomposite can be exploited as a biodegradable material for short life engineering application where good mechanical and thermal properties are paramount.
Fulltext The Integration of a Dual-Wavelength Super Pulsed Diode Laser for Consistent Tissue Ablation in the Esthetic Zone: A Case Series

Kamar Affendi NH, Ahmad R, Vahidi F, Hassan MZ, Rahimi SN

Case Rep Dent, 2020;2020:8883156.
PMID: 33343944 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8883156

Introduction: A diode laser is one of the universally compact accepted laser systems used fundamentally for soft tissue applications. Most diode laser devices have a single wavelength of either 810 nm for superior coagulation or 980 nm for tissue ablation. In these case series, the use of dual wavelengths (810 nm and 980 nm) in combination with super pulsing has provided a cleaner cut (no charring) with faster healing that eases the placement of the final restoration in the esthetic zone. Case Description. The present case series describe four cases in the esthetic zone that achieved hemostasis ablation without collateral damage to enhance gingival balance of definitive restoration. The gingivoplasty and gingivectomy modes are used to achieve efficient tissue ablation. Although there is no specific mode indicated in the FDA laser requirement for gingival depigmentation, the procedure could be safely performed with the dual-wavelength diode laser.
Result: All four patients revealed a good esthetic outcome and reported no pain postoperatively. Healing was uneventful, and definitive restoration was delivered within two to four weeks postoperatively.
Conclusion: Within the limitation of these case series, the dual-wavelength super pulsed diode laser has the capacity to deliver peak powers resulting in efficient cutting and less tissue charring and also as an alternative tool for removal of gingival pigmentation. Prospective clinical research with larger sample size is needed for conclusive results.
3,5-Bis(arylidene)-4-piperidones as potential dengue protease inhibitors

Osman H, Idris NH, Kamarulzaman EE, Wahab HA, Hassan MZ

Acta Pharm Sin B, 2017 Jul;7(4):479-484.
PMID: 28752033 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2017.04.009

Dengue is a severe mosquito-borne viral infection causing half a million deaths annually. Dengue virus NS2B/NS3 protease is a validated target for anti-dengue drug design. A series of hitherto unreported 3,5-bis(arylidene)-4-piperidones analogues 4a-4j were synthesized and screened in silico against DENV2 NS2B/NS3 protease to elucidate their binding mechanism and orientation around the active sites. Results were validated through an in vitro DENV2 NS2B/NS3 protease assay using a fluorogenic Boc-Gly-Arg-Arg-AMC substrate. Nitro derivatives of 3,5-bis(arylidene)-4-piperidones (4e and 4j) emerged as promising lead molecules for novel protease inhibitors with an IC50 of 15.22 and 16.23 µmol/L, respectively, compared to the standard, panduratin A, having IC50 of 57.28 µmol/L.
Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Screening of Pyridazinone Hybrids as Anticonvulsant Agents

Partap S, Yar MS, Hassan MZ, Akhtar MJ, Siddiqui AA

Arch Pharm (Weinheim), 2017 Oct;350(10).
PMID: 28863231 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201700135

A series of new hybrid benzimidazole containing pyridazinones derivatives were designed and synthesized in accordance with the pharmacophoric requirements essential for the anticonvulsant activity. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for anticonvulsant activity on mice by the gold standard maximal electroshock (MES) and subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (scPTZ)-induced seizure models. Among the compounds tested, SS-4F showed significant anticonvulsant activity in both the screens with ED50 values of 25.10 and 85.33 mg/kg in the MES and scPTZ screens, respectively. Compound SS-4F emerged as safer and effective anticonvulsant due to its several-fold higher protective indices. Further, the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) estimation result showed a marked increase in the GABA level (1.7-fold) as compared to the control, which was further confirmed by good binding properties with the GABAA receptor.
Fulltext Perineal myxoid liposarcomas: a case report and literature review

Ramasamy P, Md Nor A, Kamil NA, Harun N, Yusof MM, Md Hassan MZ

Malays J Med Sci, 2010 Oct;17(4):62-6.
PMID: 22135563 MyJurnal

Myxoid liposarcoma is the major subtype of liposarcoma and commonly presents in the extremities, particularly in the thigh. We introduce an unusual case of a myxoid liposarcoma presenting as a large perineal swelling occupying the para-rectal and para-anal spaces in a 49-year-old male patient. The diagnosis, management, and prognosis of myxoid liposarcoma are discussed. A literature review is performed for myxoid liposarcoma.
Rationale design, synthesis, cytotoxicity evaluation, and molecular docking studies of 1,3,4-oxadiazole analogues

Ahsan MJ, Choupra A, Sharma RK, Jadav SS, Hassan MZ, Bakht MA, et al.

Anticancer Agents Med Chem, 2017 Apr 19.
PMID: 28425854 DOI: 10.2174/1871520617666170419124702

We report herein, the synthesis of two new series of oxadiazole analogues, and their cytotoxicity evaluation. The oxadiazole analogues (5a-h and 12a-h) were structurally related to the heterocyclic (1,3,4- oxadiazole) linked aryl core of IMC-038525 (tubulin polymerization inhibitor), NSC 776715, and NSC 776716, with further modification by incorporating methylene linker. The title compounds (5a-h and 12a-h) were synthesized in good yields, and were characterized by IR, NMR, and mass spectral data. The cytotoxicity evaluation was carried out according to the National Cancer Institute (NCI US) Protocol against NCI-60 human cell lines derived from nine different panels. 2-(5-{[(4-Chlorophenyl)amino]methyl}-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2- yl)phenol (5f) showed maximum cytotoxicity among the first series oxadiazoles (5a-h), while 2-[(2,4- dichlorophenoxy)methyl]-5-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (12c) showed maximum cytotoxicity among the second series oxadiazoles (12a-h), with the mean percen growth inhibitions (GIs) of 71.56 and 72.68 respectively at 10 μM drug concentrations. Both the compounds (5f and 12c) showed superior cytotoxicity than clinically prevalent anticancer drugs, Imatinib and Gefitinib in one dose assay. The compound 12c was further screened in five dose assay (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 μM), and the results was found to be promising, with GI50 values varies between 1.61 and >100 μM, with comparatively higher selectivity towards the renal cancer cell lines. Furthermore, the compounds, 5f and 12c inhibited the polymerization of tubulin with, an IC50 of 2.8 and 2.2 μM, respectively.
Fulltext Mercerization Optimization of Bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Composite Structures Using a Box-Behnken Design

Hassan MZ, Roslan SA, Sapuan SM, Rasid ZA, Mohd Nor AF, Md Daud MY, et al.

Polymers (Basel), 2020 Jun 17;12(6).
PMID: 32560539 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061367

The objective of this research is to optimize the alkaline treatment variables, including sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration, soaking, and drying time, that influence the mechanical behavior of bamboo fiber-reinforced epoxy composites. In this study, a Box-Behnken design (BBD) of the response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to design an experiment to investigate the mercerization effect of bamboo fiber-reinforced epoxy composites. The evaluation of predicted tensile strength as a variable parameter of bamboo fiber (Bambusa vulgaris) reinforced epoxy composite structures was determined using analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the quadratic model. In this study, a total of 17 experiment runs were measured and a significant regression for the coefficient between the variables was obtained. Further, the triangular and square core structures made of treated and untreated bamboo fiber-reinforced epoxy composites were tested under compressive loading. It was found that the optimum mercerization condition lies at 5.81 wt.% of the NaOH, after a soaking time of 3.99 h and a drying time of 72 h. This optimum alkaline treatment once again had a great effect on the structures whereby all the treated composite cores with square and triangular structures impressively outperformed the untreated bamboo structures. The treated triangular core of bamboo reinforced composites gave an outstanding performance compared to the treated and untreated square core composite structures for compressive loading and specific energy absorbing capability.
Dynamic Mechanical Properties and Thermal Properties of Longitudinal Basalt/Woven Glass Fiber Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Hybrid Composites

Haris NIN, Ilyas RA, Hassan MZ, Sapuan SM, Afdzaluddin A, Jamaludin KR, et al.

Polymers (Basel), 2021 Sep 29;13(19).
PMID: 34641159 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193343

This study investigates the mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties of basalt/woven glass fiber reinforced polymer (BGRP) hybrid polyester composites. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to explore the chemical aspect, whereas the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermomechanical analysis (TMA) were performed to determine the mechanical and thermal properties. The dynamic mechanical properties were evaluated in terms of the storage modulus, loss modulus, and damping factor. The FTIR results showed that incorporating single and hybrid fibers in the matrix did not change the chemical properties. The DMA findings revealed that the B7.5/G22.5 composite with 7.5 wt% of basalt fiber (B) and 22.5 wt% of glass fiber (G) exhibited the highest elastic and viscous properties, as it exhibited the higher storage modulus (8.04 × 109 MPa) and loss modulus (1.32 × 109 MPa) compared to the other samples. All the reinforced composites had better damping behavior than the neat matrix, but no further enhancement was obtained upon hybridization. The analysis also revealed that the B22.5/G7.5 composite with 22.5 wt% of basalt fiber and 7.5 wt% of glass fiber had the highest Tg at 70.80 °C, and increased by 15 °C compared to the neat matrix. TMA data suggested that the reinforced composites had relatively low dimensional stabilities than the neat matrix, particularly between 50 to 80 °C. Overall, the hybridization of basalt and glass fibers in unsaturated polyester formed composites with higher mechanical and thermal properties than single reinforced composites.

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