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Azithromycin in cancer treatment: envisioning the probable link of mitochondrial dysfunction and necroptosis

Hassan SN, Ahmad F

Cancer Chemother Pharmacol, 2023 Nov 14.
PMID: 37964168 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-023-04617-5
The effects of office ergonomic training on musculoskeletal complaints, sickness absence, and psychological well-being: a cluster randomized control trial

Mahmud N, Kenny DT, Md Zein R, Hassan SN

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2015 Mar;27(2):NP1652-68.
PMID: 21878465 DOI: 10.1177/1010539511419199

This study explored whether musculoskeletal complaints can be reduced by the provision of ergonomics education. A cluster randomized controlled trial study was conducted in which 3 units were randomized to intervention and received training and 3 units were given a leaflet. The effect of intervention on knowledge, workstation practices, musculoskeletal complaints, sickness absence, and psychological well-being were assessed at 6 and 12 months. Although there was no increment of knowledge among workers, significant improvements in workstation practices in the use of monitor, keyboard, and chair were observed. There were significant reductions in neck and upper and lower back complaints among workers but these did not translate into fewer days lost from work. Workers' stress was found to be significantly reduced across the studies. In conclusion, office ergonomics training can be beneficial in reducing musculoskeletal risks and stress among workers.
Fulltext Serological prevalence of leptospiral infection in wild rats at the National Service Training Centres in Kelantan and Terengganu

Mohamed-Hassan SN, Bahaman AR, Mutalib AR, Khairani-Bejo S

Trop Biomed, 2010 Apr;27(1):30-2.
PMID: 20562810 MyJurnal

One hundred and sixty eight rats were trapped from the National Service Training Centres (NSTC) in Kelantan and Terengganu from October 2008 to May 2009. Microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was performed to detect the presence of agglutinating antibodies to Leptospira among the rats caught. All the MAT positive rats were identified as Rattus tiomanicus. In Kelantan, 17.3 % (14/81) of the rats had leptospiral antibodies to serovars Icterohaemorrhagiae (12.3%), Canicola (2.5%), Ballum (1.2%), and Pyrogenes (1.2%). In Terengganu, 18.4% (16/87) of the rats had antibodies to serovars Icterohaemorrhagiae (15%), Canicola (1.1%), Pyrogenes (1.1%) and Hebdomadis (1.1%). This study indicated that Leptospira serovars were prevalent in the rat population in the study areas and could be a source of infection to humans. Therefore, control of the rat population in all NSTC is critical to prevent outbreaks of leptospirosis amongst the NSTC trainees.
Fulltext Ergonomic Training Reduces Musculoskeletal Disorders among Office Workers: Results from the 6-Month Follow-Up

Mahmud N, Kenny DT, Md Zein R, Hassan SN

Malays J Med Sci, 2011 Apr;18(2):16-26.
PMID: 22135582 MyJurnal

Musculoskeletal disorders are commonly reported among computer users. This study explored whether these disorders can be reduced by the provision of ergonomics education.
Anatomical variations of median nerve formation, distribution and possible communication with other nerves in preserved human cadavers

Mat Taib CN, Hassan SN, Esa N, Mohd Moklas MA, San AA

Folia Morphol (Warsz), 2016 09 26;76(1):38-43.
PMID: 27665953 DOI: 10.5603/FM.a2016.0045

Formation, distribution and possible communication of the median nerve are essential to know in treatment and surgeries of various conditions of injuries e.g. repair or reconstruction of the median nerve post traumatic accident. In the present study, 44 upper limbs were dissected. Root forming the median nerve, the median nerve in relation with the axillary artery and communication of the median nerve with other nerves were noted.
Exploring the cytotoxicity and anticancer effects of doxycycline and azithromycin on human glioblastoma multiforme cells

Hassan SN, Mohamed Yusoff AA, Idris Z, Mohd Redzwan N, Ahmad F

Neurol Res, 2021 Sep 17.
PMID: 34533110 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2021.1975225

BACKGROUND: Previous studies had reported on the cytotoxic activities of generic antibiotics such as doxycycline (DOXY) and azithromycin (AZI) in multiple types of human cancers. Given that resistance to standard anti-glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) drug [temozolomide (TMZ)] is common and inevitable, alternative candidates are greatly needed.
PURPOSE AND METHOD: The present study was undertaken to explore the cytotoxicity and anticancer effects of DOXY and AZI on human GBM U87 cells via 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), Hoechst, Annexin V-FITC/PI, and clonogenic assays. CompuSyn software was used to determine the combination index (CI) for DOXY+AZI.
RESULT: Individual treatment with DOXY and AZI decreased U87 cell viability in dose- and time-dependent, and quantitatively comparable to TMZ. Nevertheless, combinations of both antibiotics evidenced antagonistic behaviour in U87 cells. Increased apoptotic event was also observed with the individual treatment of DOXY and AZI. Furthermore, the proliferative and clonogenic capability of 21-day survived U87 cells was completely terminated by DOXY and AZI, but not TMZ.
CONCLUSION: The antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing activity exhibited by both antibiotics against U87 cells demonstrates their potential as a likely alternative to combat GBM. It would be interesting to find out more about their molecular players and cytotoxic effects in different types of GBM cells, including glioma stem cells (GSCs).
Molecular Detection of Glycophorins A and B Variant Phenotypes and their Clinical Relevance

Hassan SN, Thirumulu Ponnuraj K, Mohamad S, Hassan R, Wan Ab Rahman WS

Transfus Med Rev, 2019 04;33(2):118-124.
PMID: 30910255 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2019.02.003

Crossover or conversion between the homologous regions of glycophorin A (GYPA) and glycophorin B (GYPB) gives rise to several different hybrid glycophorin genes encoding a number of different glycophorin variant phenotypes which bear low prevalence antigens in the MNS blood group system. GP.Mur is the main glycophorin variant phenotype which causes hemolytic transfusion reaction (HTR) and hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) in East and Southeast Asians. The detection of glycophorin variant phenotypes using serological methods is limited to phenotyping reagents that are not commercially available. Moreover, the red blood cells used for antibody identification are usually of the GP.Mur phenotype. The current Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-based methods and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) are available alternatives to phenotyping that allow for the specific detection of glycophorin variant phenotypes. This review highlights the molecular detection method for glycophorins A and B variant phenotypes and their clinical relevance.
Fulltext Trigeminal neuralgia, glossopharyngeal neuralgia, and myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome: an update

Khan M, Nishi SE, Hassan SN, Islam MA, Gan SH

Pain Res Manag, 2017;2017:7438326.
PMID: 28827979 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7438326

Neuropathic pain is a common phenomenon that affects millions of people worldwide. Maxillofacial structures consist of various tissues that receive frequent stimulation during food digestion. The unique functions (masticatory process and facial expression) of the maxillofacial structure require the exquisite organization of both the peripheral and central nervous systems. Neuralgia is painful paroxysmal disorder of the head-neck region characterized by some commonly shared features such as the unilateral pain, transience and recurrence of attacks, and superficial and shock-like pain at a trigger point. These types of pain can be experienced after nerve injury or as a part of diseases that affect peripheral and central nerve function, or they can be psychological. Since the trigeminal and glossopharyngeal nerves innervate the oral structure, trigeminal and glossopharyngeal neuralgia are the most common syndromes following myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome. Nevertheless, misdiagnoses are common. The aim of this review is to discuss the currently available diagnostic procedures and treatment options for trigeminal neuralgia, glossopharyngeal neuralgia, and myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome.
A mini-review on anticancer-related properties of azithromycin and its potential activities in overcoming the challenges of glioblastoma

Hassan SN, Mohamed Yusoff AA, Idris Z, Mohd Redzwan N, Ahmad F

Fundam Clin Pharmacol, 2023 Oct;37(5):918-927.
PMID: 37069134 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12900

The resistance, plasticity and heterogeneity of cancer cells, including glioblastoma (GB) cells, have prompted the investigation of various agents for possible adjuncts and alternatives to existing therapies. This includes a macrolide antibiotic, azithromycin (AZI). It possesses intriguing anticancer properties in a range of cancer models in vitro, such as antiproliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-autophagy and anti-angiogenic effects. In fact, AZI is renowned for its ability to eradicate cancer stem cells by inhibiting mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration. AZI-containing regimens in cancer patients for different purposes have shown favourable (i.e., attributed to its antibacterial activity) and unfavourable outcomes. Whilst its direct anticancer effects have yet to be clinically proven. To that end, this review provides a summary of AZI anticancer studies and delineates its potential activities in overcoming the challenges of GB.
Prevalence of GP. Mur variant phenotype among Malaysian blood donors

Hassan SN, Mohamad S, Kannan TP, Hassan R, Wei S, Wan Ab Rahman WS

Asian J Transfus Sci, 2023;17(2):169-174.
PMID: 38274953 DOI: 10.4103/ajts.ajts_125_21

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: A number of glycophorin variant phenotypes or hybrid glycophorin variants of the MNS blood group system bear multiple immunogenic antigens such as Mia, Mur, and MUT. In the East and Southeast Asian populations, glycoprotein (GP.) Mur is the most common glycophorin variant phenotype expressing those three immunogens. The aim of this study was to detect MNS system glycophorin variant phenotypes (GP. Mur, GP. Hop, GP. Bun, GP. HF, and GP. Hut) among Malaysian blood donors.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 144 blood donors were selected under stratified random sampling. The deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted from whole blood samples, followed by a polymerase chain reaction assay. Sanger sequencing was used to identify the specific MNS variants and then validated by a serological crossmatch with known anti-Mur and anti-MUT.
RESULTS: GP. Mur was identified among Malaysian blood donors with a prevalence of 6.94%, and no other variants of the MNS system were found.
CONCLUSION: The present study substantiates that GP. Mur is the main variant of the MNS system glycophorin (B-A-B) hybrid in Malaysian blood donors. GP. Mur-negative red blood cells must therefore be considered in the current transfusion policy in order to prevent alloimmunization and immune-mediated transfusion reactions, particularly in transfusion-dependent patients.
Fulltext Anti-Inflammatory Property of Plantago major Leaf Extract Reduces the Inflammatory Reaction in Experimental Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury

Hussan F, Mansor AS, Hassan SN, Tengku Nor Effendy Kamaruddin TN, Budin SB, Othman F

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2015;2015:347861.
PMID: 26300946 DOI: 10.1155/2015/347861

Hepatic injury induces inflammatory process and cell necrosis. Plantago major is traditionally used for various diseases. This study aimed to determine the anti-inflammatory property of P. major leaf extracts on inflammatory reaction following acetaminophen (APAP) hepatotoxicity. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups, namely, normal control (C), APAP, aqueous (APAP + AQ), methanol (APAP + MT), and ethanol (APAP + ET) extract treated groups. All APAP groups received oral APAP (2 g/kg) at day 0. Then, 1000 mg/kg dose of P. major extracts was given for six days. The levels of liver transaminases were measured at day 1 and day 7 after APAP induction. At day 7, the blood and liver tissue were collected to determine plasma cytokines and tissue 11β-HSD type 1 enzyme. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of methanol, ethanol, and aqueous extracts were 26.74 ± 1.6%, 21.69 ± 2.81%, and 12.23 ± 3.15%, respectively. The ALT and AST levels were significantly higher in the APAP groups at day 1 whereas the enzyme levels of all groups showed no significant difference at day 7. The extracts treatment significantly reduced the proinflammatory cytokine levels and significantly increased the 11β-HSD type 1 enzyme activity (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the P. major extracts attenuate the inflammatory reaction following APAP-induced liver injury.
Time dependent effect of chronic embryonic exposure to ethanol on zebrafish: Morphology, biochemical and anxiety alterations

Ramlan NF, Sata NSAM, Hassan SN, Bakar NA, Ahmad S, Zulkifli SZ, et al.

Behav Brain Res, 2017 08 14;332:40-49.
PMID: 28559182 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.05.048

Exposure to ethanol during critical period of development can cause severe impairments in the central nervous system (CNS). This study was conducted to assess the neurotoxic effects of chronic embryonic exposure to ethanol in the zebrafish, taking into consideration the time dependent effect. Two types of exposure regimen were applied in this study. Withdrawal exposure group received daily exposure starting from gastrulation until hatching, while continuous exposure group received daily exposure from gastrulation until behavioural assessment at 6dpf (days post fertilization). Chronic embryonic exposure to ethanol decreased spontaneous tail coiling at 24hpf (hour post fertilization), heart rate at 48hpf and increased mortality rate at 72hpf. The number of apoptotic cells in the embryos treated with ethanol was significantly increased as compared to the control. We also measured the morphological abnormalities and the most prominent effects can be observed in the treated embryos exposed to 1.50% and 2.00%. The treated embryos showed shorter body length, larger egg yolk, smaller eye diameter and heart edema as compared to the control. Larvae received 0.75% continuous ethanol exposure exhibited decreased swimming activity and increased anxiety related behavior, while withdrawal ethanol exposure showed increased swimming activity and decreased anxiety related behavior as compared to the respective control. Biochemical analysis exhibited that ethanol exposure for both exposure regimens altered proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids of the zebrafish larvae. Our results indicated that time dependent effect of ethanol exposure during development could target the biochemical processes thus leading to induction of apoptosis and neurobehavioral deficits in the zebrafish larvae. Thus it raised our concern about the safe limit of alcohol consumption for pregnant mother especially during critical periods of vulnerability for developing nervous system.
Joint ICOH-WOPS & APA-PFAW global roundtable perspectives: exploring national policy approaches for psychological health at work through the 'National Policy Index' lens

Potter RE, Ertel M, Dollard M, Leka S, Jain A, Lerouge L, et al.

Ind Health, 2024 Jul 30.
PMID: 39085135 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2024-0092

Worker psychological health is a significant global imperative which requires national policy action and stakeholder engagement. While national policy is a critical lever for improving worker psychological health, some countries are more progressive than others in relation to policy development and/or implementation. At the Joint Congress of the International Commission on Occupational Health, Scientific Committee on Work Organization and Psychosocial Factors and the Asia Pacific Academy for Psychosocial Factors Work in Tokyo (September 2023), a Global Roundtable was designed to initiate international dialogue and knowledge exchange regarding relevant national policy approaches. The Global Roundtable involved experts from diverse regions alongside an engaged audience of congress attendees and facilitators. Qualitative data were analysed against the five components of the National Policy Index tool, comprising policy priority, specific laws, nation-wide initiatives, sector-oriented initiatives, national survey and/or studies. Analysis revealed that while work-related psychological health is a policy priority across many countries, at the same time, there are global gaps in both legislation specificity and active regulation across different countries. For future policy development across countries, it will be beneficial to continue and deepen international discourse and for countries to share their approaches with others.
Fulltext The database of the PREDICTS (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems) project

Hudson LN, Newbold T, Contu S, Hill SL, Lysenko I, De Palma A, et al.

Ecol Evol, 2017 Jan;7(1):145-188.
PMID: 28070282 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2579

The PREDICTS project-Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems (www.predicts.org.uk)-has collated from published studies a large, reasonably representative database of comparable samples of biodiversity from multiple sites that differ in the nature or intensity of human impacts relating to land use. We have used this evidence base to develop global and regional statistical models of how local biodiversity responds to these measures. We describe and make freely available this 2016 release of the database, containing more than 3.2 million records sampled at over 26,000 locations and representing over 47,000 species. We outline how the database can help in answering a range of questions in ecology and conservation biology. To our knowledge, this is the largest and most geographically and taxonomically representative database of spatial comparisons of biodiversity that has been collated to date; it will be useful to researchers and international efforts wishing to model and understand the global status of biodiversity.

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