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Fulltext Effects of music during physical activities towards the mood of primary school children. [Kesan muzik semasa aktiviti kegiatan jasmani terhadap mood murid-murid sekolah rendah.]

Kamarudin KA, Ismail M

Movement Health & Exercise, 2019;8(1):45-56.
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The purpose of this study is to look at the effects of music during physical activities towards the mood of primary school children. The results of this study show a result that found a positive mood effect during physical education activities by incorporating music elements in teaching and teaching sessions. The study was conducted for two weeks. A week-long three Physical Education subject sessions per session take about 30 minutes. This study was conducted on primary school pupils in Seremban which involves
three (n = 3) schools, focusing on schools in rural areas only encompassing one hundred and eighty (n = 180) ie 90 pupils men and 90 girls. All nine-year study subjects were broken down into three groups ie control groups A, B, and C. The study was experimental. Group A follows the Three Year syllabus syllabus provided by the Curriculum Development Division of the Ministry of Education, which is applicable in primary schools in Malaysia. Group B runs free games that are not tied to curriculum syllabus and Group C similar
to group A also follow the same syllabus of the Year Three syllabus but during the lesson the pupils are played with the background of music in each learning session. The findings show that the C group absorbed by the music element shows the tendency of a better and positive mood compared to other groups. The results of this study also attract the children to participate in the Physical Education class more actively and give positive impact to the individual in terms of the development of their gross motor and is a fun subject and lead to the formation of a balanced, physical, emotional, spiritual, and intellectuality.
Keywords: Mood, music, physical education, gross motor
Study site: Three primary schools (SK Mantin, SK Labu Batu 10, dan SK Desa Cempaka), Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
Serial tourniquet testing in dengue haemorrhagic fever: how clinically useful is it?

Norlijah Othman, Nor Khamisah, A., Kamarul Azhar, Sinniah, Mangalam, Lekhraj, Rampal

Malaysian Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2005;14(1):27-32.
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Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a severe viral illness with significant morbidity and mortality especially among children in Southeast Asia. The tourniquet test is recommended by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as an initial clinical screening procedure for patients suspected to have DHF, particularly in patients with DHF grade I. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of the tourniquet test as a predictor of DHF and also to assess the usefulness of repeated, serial tourniquet testing as a diagnostic indicator of DHF. Individuals included into this study were children from the Institute of Paediatrics, Kuala Lumpur who were admitted on a clinical suspicion of DHF based on the WHO criteria and who had serology for Dengue IgM performed. A standard method of tourniquet was performed on these patients on a daily basis following admission. A total number of 60 patients were considered for analysis and of these the tourniquet test was positive in 50 patients and negative in the remaining 10 patients. Sensitivity of the test was found to be 85.4% and the specificity was 25%. Further assessment of the predictive value of the test showed that the positive predictive value (PPV) was 82% while the negative predictive value (NPV) was 30%. In conclusion, a positive tourniquet test, serially performed on a daily basis was found clinically to be a useful preliminary screening tool for DHF as recommended by WHO. However its specificity was low and consequently led to a high false positive rate.
Fulltext Nutritional status and the use of protease inhibitors among Hiv-infected children in Klang Valley, Malaysia

Mohd. Nasir, M. T., Yeo, J., Huang, M. S. L., Koh, M. T., Kamarul Azhar, R., Khor, G. L.

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2011;7(2):73-79.
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This study determined the association between nutritional status and the use of protease inhibitors (PI)
containing regimen among HIV-infected children receiving treatment at the referral centres in Klang
Valley. A total of 95 children currently on antiretroviral (ARV) therapy, aged one to eighteen years, were recruited using purposive sampling. Demographic data, anthropometric measurements, medical history, were collected using a structured questionnaire. Serum micronutrients levels and lipid profile were also examined using blood samples. Mean age was 8.8 3.9 years and 44.2% were on PI. Age ( 2 = 10.351, p = .006), weight-for-age ( 2 = 6.567, p = .010), serum selenium ( 2 = 4.225, p = .040) and HDL-C ( 2 = 7.539, p = .006) were significantly associated with the use of PI. Fewer children on PI were deficient in selenium as compared to those not on PI. On the contrary, more children on PI were underweight and had low HDL-C. The use of PI was found to have both positive and negative effects with better selenium level but poorer HDL-C level and weight status.
Fulltext Invasive pneumococcal disease in a tertiary paediatric hospital in Malaysia

Aisha Fadhilah Abang Abdullah, Kee, Sze Ying, Kamarul Azhar Mohd Razali, Jamal Mohamed, Thahira A., Zubaidah Abdul Wahab, Norlijah Othman

Malaysian Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2017;23(1):0-0.
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Introduction and Objective: Pneumococcal disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. There were limited publications on invasive pneumococcal infection (IPD) in Malaysia. The aim of this study is to describe restrospectively cases of IPD in hospitalised children of less than 12 years old and highlighting the unusual cases.

Methodology: A retrospective review of children with IPD from March 2002 to November 2005 at a tertiary paediatric hospital. IPD cases were defined as isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from a normally sterile body fluid site.

Results: Twenty-four patients were identified with a male preponderance. Two-thirds of patients were below 1-year-old; with three cases presenting in the premature newborn. Thirty-seven percent of cases had underlying conditions. Sepsis and pneumonia were the commonest manifestation, followed by meningitis. The unusual manifestations were in a form of postinfectious glomerulonephritis and overwhelming purpura fulminans. There were two mortalities; both infants had meningitis. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern showed that more than half of the isolates were sensitive towards penicillin and erythromycin. Penicillin resistance was found in 6 (25%) isolates. Conclusion: IPD results in significant morbidity and mortality, especially in young children below 2 years of age and justifies further evaluation of preventive strategies including the implementation of pneumococcal vaccine in the national immunisation programme.
Morbidly adherent placenta: One-year case series in a tertiary hospital

Roziana R, Kamarul Azhar K, Lau JH, Aina MAA, Nadia R, Siti Nordiana A, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2019 04;74(2):128-132.
PMID: 31079123

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the clinical characteristics of patients with morbidly adherent placenta (MAP). Findings of this study will be used to identify patients at risk of MAP and to outline the best management strategy to deal with this devastating condition.
METHODS: Delivery records in Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah, Terengganu from 1st. January 2016 until 31st. December 2016 were reviewed and analysed.
RESULTS: Out of the 15,837 deliveries, eight cases of MAP were identified. Six out of eight patients had previous caesarean scar with concomitant placenta praevia, the other two patients had previous caesarean scar with history of placenta praevia in previous pregnancies. Seven out of eight cases were suspected to have MAP based on risk factors. Correct diagnosis was made by ultrasound in five patients, all with histologically confirmed moderate/severe degree of abnormal placentation. The other two cases of 'unlikely MAP', demonstrated segmental MAP intra-operatively with histologically confirmed milder degree of abnormal placentation. Total intraoperative blood loss ranged from 0.8 to 20 litres. Prophylactic internal iliac artery balloon occlusion was associated with significantly less blood loss.
CONCLUSION: Antenatal diagnosis is essential in outlining the best management strategy in patients with MAP. Ultrasound may not be accurate in ruling out lower degree of MAP. Apart from having a scarred uterus with concomitant placenta praevia, history of having placenta praevia in previous pregnancy is also a risk factor for MAP. Prophylactic internal iliac artery balloon occlusion is associated with significantly less blood loss and should be considered in cases suspected with MAP.
Fulltext Clinical and demographic pattern of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) from a multicenter perspective: Malaysia's experience over 26 years

Noh LM, Latiff AHA, Ismail IH, Noah RM, Wahab AA, Hamid IJA, et al.

Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol, 2021 May 17;17(1):50.
PMID: 34001231 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-021-00551-4

BACKGROUND: A retrospective review of clinical manifestations and demographic pattern of patients diagnosed as chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) from 7 hospitals in Malaysia. An analysis of the available database would establish clinical characteristics, diagnoses and outcome including microbiologic pattern. Studying the demography allows us to document the occurrence of CGD amongst multiethnic groups and its geographical distribution for Malaysia.
METHODS: Data from the Malaysia Primary Immunodeficiency Network (MyPIN) with cases of CGD diagnosed from 1991 until 2016 were collated and analysed.
RESULTS: Twenty patients were diagnosed as CGD. Males (N = 13, 65%) outnumber females (N = 7, 35%). CGD is commonest amongst the Malays (65%) followed by the Chinese (15.0%), Indians (10.0%) and natives of Borneo (10.0%), reflecting the ethnic composition of the country. The mean age of diagnosis was 3.7 years. There was a positive family history in 40% of the cases. Abscess was the main presenting feature in 16 patients (80%) with one involving the brain. Pneumonia occurred in 10 (50%) and one with complicated bronchiectasis. Catalase-positive bacteria were the most commonly isolated pathogen with Chromobacterium violaceum predominating (N = 5, 25%) with consequent high mortality (N = 4, 80%). All CGD patients with C. violaceum infection displayed CD4 + (T helper cells) lymphopenia.
CONCLUSION: This study has shown CGD occurs in the major ethnic groups of Malaysia. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first and the largest series of chronic granulomatous disease in South East Asia which may be reflective of similar clinical pattern in the region. C. violaceum infection is associated with a higher mortality in CGD patients in Malaysia. All the CGD patients with C. violaceum infection in this patient series displayed CD4 + (T helper) lymphopenia. We recorded rare clinical manifestation of CGD viz. brain abscess and bronchiectasis.