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  1. Biohydrogen from organic wastes as a clean and environment-friendly energy source: Production pathways, feedstock types, and future prospects
    Saravanan A, Senthil Kumar P, Khoo KS, Show PL, Femina Carolin C, Fetcia Jackulin C, et al.
    Bioresour Technol, 2021 Dec;342:126021.
    PMID: 34600315 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126021
    Microbial fermentation of organic matter under anaerobic conditions is currently the prominent pathway for biohydrogen production. Organic matter present in waste residues is regarded as an economic feedstock for biohydrogen production by dark and photo fermentative bacteria. Agricultural residues, fruit wastes, vegetable wastes, industrial wastewaters, and other livestock residues are some of the organic wastes most commonly used for biohydrogen production due to their higher organic content and biodegradability. Appropriate pretreatments are required to enhance the performance of biohydrogen from complex organic wastes. Biohydrogen production could also be enhanced by optimizing operation conditions and the addition of essential nutrients and nanoparticles. This review describes the pathways of biohydrogen production, discusses the effect of organic waste sources used and microbes involved on biohydrogen production, along with addressing the key parameters, advantages, and difficulties in each biohydrogen production pathway.
  2. Fulltext Plasma CXCL8 and MCP-1 as biomarkers of latent tuberculosis infection
    Selvavinayagam ST, Aswathy B, Yong YK, Frederick A, Murali L, Kalaivani V, et al.
    medRxiv, 2023 Aug 09.
    PMID: 37609153 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.07.23293767
    BACKGROUND: Early detection of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is critical to TB elimination in the current WHO vision of End Tuberculosis Strategy.

    METHODS: We investigated whether detecting plasma cytokines could aid in diagnosing LTBI across household contacts (HHCs) positive for IGRA, HHCs negative for IGRA, and healthy controls. We also measured the plasma cytokines using a commercial Bio-Plex Pro Human Cytokine 17-plex assay.

    RESULTS: Increased plasma CXCL8 and decreased MCP-1, TNF-α, and IFN-γ were associated with LTBI. Regression analysis showed that a combination of CXCL8 and MCP-1 increased the risk of LTBI among HHCs to 14-fold.

    CONCLUSIONS: We postulated that CXCL8 and MCP-1 could be the surrogate biomarkers of LTBI, especially in resource-limited settings.

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