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Fulltext How stress and satisfaction influence customer service quality in banking industry

Kim L, Yeo SF

Heliyon, 2024 Jun 15;10(11):e32604.
PMID: 38961943 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32604

As customer service quality becomes an important factor that is responsible for the firms' overall successes, many organizations are trying to seek all related clues which can help them to enhance it. Thus, this research aimed to examine how job stress, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment affected customer service quality among bank employees in Cambodia. To accomplish this objective, 630 bank employees working at different banks in Cambodia were invited to answer questionnaires. Furthermore, a structural equation model was used to analyse data. Results indicated that banks could receive high organizational commitment when their employees obtained significant changes in job satisfaction and job stress. Meanwhile, banks could improve customer service quality if there were significant changes in organizational commitment and job stress, except job satisfaction. Finally, a mediation testing result confirmed organizational commitment as a full mediator between job satisfaction and customer service quality. Despite the results highlighted the significant impacts of job stress and organizational commitment on customer service quality, organizational commitment was the stronger factor promoting better customer service quality as this factor contributed higher degree of impact on customer service quality. Therefore, banks should pay more attention to prioritize and promote their organizational commitment among their employees.
Fulltext The pattern of CD15, CD30 and Bcl-2 expression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Eow GI, Kim LH, Peh SC

Med J Malaysia, 2006 Oct;61(4):416-21.
PMID: 17243518 MyJurnal

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a heterogenous entity. The pattern of CD15, CD30 and Bcl-2 expression is not well documented, especially in local population. We investigated 67 consecutive cases of DLBCL by immunohistochemistry on paraffin-embedded tissue. The male to female ratio was 1.2:1 with median age of 55 years, and more common nodal than extranodal in presentation. Only 3 of 67 cases expressed CD15. In addition, three cases showed weak membrane staining for CD30. Only one of these three cases was noted to have co-expression of CD15 and with occasional tumour cells showing weak CD30 expression. Bcl-2 protein was expressed in 43 of 67 (64%), more frequently in nodal than in extranodal tumours. In conclusion, CD15 and CD30 expressions are infrequent in DLBCL, and co-expression is rare. Bcl-2 protein expression is common in DLBCL.
TARC, a CC chemokine, is frequently expressed in classic Hodgkin's lymphoma but not in NLP Hodgkin's lymphoma, T-cell-rich B-cell lymphoma, and most cases of anaplastic large cell lymphoma

Peh SC, Kim LH, Poppema S

Am. J. Surg. Pathol., 2001 Jul;25(7):925-9.
PMID: 11420464

Thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) has been identified as a lymphocyte-directed CC chemokine that attracts activated T-helper type 2 (Th2) cells in humans. Recent studies showed that the T cells surrounding Reed-Sternberg cells in Hodgkin's lymphomas (HL) are Th2 type. Anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCL), T-cell-rich B-cell lymphoma (TCRBCL) can mimic HL in some instances. This study aimed to establish the pattern of TARC expression in these diseases. Immunohistochemical stain using a polyclonal goat anti-human antibody to TARC was performed on 119 cases of confirmed HL; 99 were classical type (43 mixed cellularity, 43 nodular sclerosis, 5 lymphocyte depleted, 4 lymphocyte rich, 4 unclassifiable) and 20 lymphocyte predominant HL. Additional 27 ALCL (9 T-, 18 null-cell phenotype), 16 T-cell and 8 B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) were studied. A total of 85.8% of the classical HL, one case of ALCL, and one case of large cell B-cell lymphoma with anaplastic morphology showed positive TARC expression in the tumor cells. The expression was paranuclear and/or diffuse in the cell cytoplasm. The tumor cells in all cases of lymphocyte predominant HL, TCRBCL, null ALCL, and T-NHL did not express TARC. The high frequency of TARC expression in the Reed-Sternberg cells of classical HL may explain the characteristic T-cell infiltrate in this disease. The absence in other types that may be morphologically similar indicates that staining for TARC may aid in differential diagnosis.
Fulltext The immunophenotypic patterns of follicle centre and mantle zone in Castleman's disease

Peh SC, Shaminie J, Poppema S, Kim LH

Singapore Med J, 2003 Apr;44(4):185-91.
PMID: 12952030

Castleman's disease is an uncommon disease and the histopathogenesis is poorly understood. This study aims to investigate their clinicopathological and immunophenotypic profile.
Chlamydia pneumoniae IgG seropositivity and clinical history of ischemic heart disease in Singapore

Koh WP, Taylor MB, Chew SK, Phoon MC, Kang KL, Chow VT

J Microbiol Immunol Infect, 2003 Sep;36(3):169-74.
PMID: 14582560

There is still substantial uncertainty concerning the association between Chlamydia pneumoniae and ischemic heart disease. This may partly be explained by the adjustment for potential confounders in different population studies. This is the first study in Singapore to look at the association of C. pneumoniae seropositivity with ischemic heart disease in a multivariate analysis. A random sample of 714 persons aged between 35 and 69 years was selected from the participants of the Singapore National Health Survey conducted in 1998. Data on clinical measurements and conditions were collected using biochemical tests and interviewer-based questionnaires. Ischemic heart disease was defined by the Rose questionnaire and included history suggestive of angina and/or myocardial infarction. Immunoglobulin G antibodies for C. pneumoniae were detected using an indirect microimmunofluorescence test, and seropositivity was defined as IgG titers > or = 1:16. There were no statistically significant differences in the prevalence rates of seropositivity to C. pneumoniae among the three ethnic groups, that is, Chinese (80.4%), Malays (74.0%), and Asian Indians (73.2%). There was no association between seropositivity and ischemic heart disease after adjustment for age alone (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.54-1.83) or for age, sex, and other risk factors of atherosclerosis (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.53-1.84). C. pneumoniae Immunoglobulin G seropositivity was not associated with an increased risk of ischemic heart disease as defined by the Rose angina questionnaire in Singapore.
Spectrum of malignant lymphomas in Klang Hospital, a public hospital in Malaysia

Peh SC, Kim LH, Thanaletchimy N, Chai SP, Poppema S

Malays J Pathol, 2000 Jun;22(1):13-20.
PMID: 16329532

Lymphoma is a relatively common group of neoplasms diagnosed in hospital practice. This study aims to elucidate the pattern of this disease encountered in a public service hospital of the Ministry of Health, Malaysia.
Fulltext Pattern of lymph node pathology in a private pathology laboratory

Kim LH, Peh SC, Chan KS, Chai SP

Malays J Pathol, 1999 Dec;21(2):87-93.
PMID: 11068412

Lymph node excision biopsy is commonly carried out for the investigation of lymphadenopathy. The objective of this study is to elucidate the pattern of nodal pathology seen in a private pathology practice. A total of 137 nodal biopsies for primary investigation of nodal enlargement were retrieved from the files in a private diagnostic pathology laboratory in the year 1997. Lymph nodes excised for cancer staging were excluded from this study. The histology was reviewed based on H&E stained sections, and with additional histochemical and immunoperoxidase stains when deemed necessary. Cases of malignant lymphomas were sub-classified with the aid of further immunophenotyping using a panel of monoclonal and polyclonal lymphoid antibodies. One case was excluded from this study due to inadequate tissue for further assessment. There were 58 males and 78 females, giving a ratio of 1:1.3 in the remaining 136 cases. They consisted of 13 Malays (M), 108 Chinese (C), 14 Indians (I) and 1 other ethnic group (O). The ratio of M:C:I:O was 1:8.3:1.1:0.1. The majority of the cases were in the age range of 20 to 50 years. The pathology consisted of 17 (12.5%) malignant lymphomas [6 Hodgkin's lymphoma, 11 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma], 35 (25.7%) metastatic carcinomas, 45 (33.1%) reactive hyperplasia, 19 (13.9%) tuberculosis, 11 (8.2%) Kikuchi's disease and 9 (6.6%) others (Castleman's disease 2, cat scratch disease 2, Kimura's disease 1, sarcoidosis 1, non-specific lymphadenitis 3). All categories of nodal disease showed approximately similar ratio of ethnic and gender distribution as above, except for Kikuchi's disease, for which 100% of the patients were female. The most common site of biopsy was from the head and neck region, particularly the cervical group of nodes. The most common nodal pathology seen in the private laboratory was reactive hyperplasia, followed by metastatic carcinoma. Malignant lymphoma constituted only 12.5% of the cases.
Expression of Bcl-2 family members and presence of Epstein-Barr virus in the regulation of cell growth and death in classical Hodgkin's lymphoma

Kim LH, Nadarajah VS, Peh SC, Poppema S

Histopathology, 2004 Mar;44(3):257-67.
PMID: 14987230 DOI: 10.1111/j.0309-0167.2004.01829.x

AIMS: To examine the expression of the Bcl-2 family of proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-x, Bcl-xL and Bax) in classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL) and to correlate the expression of these proteins with proliferation, apoptosis and the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).

METHODS AND RESULTS: Expression of the Bcl-2 family of proteins was detected by immunohistochemistry, proliferation was determined by Ki67 labelling and apoptosis by TUNEL in-situ hybridization. EBV was detected by Epstein-Barr virus early RNA (EBER) in-situ hybridization. Expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-x, Bcl-xL and Bax was detected in the Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg (H/RS) cells in 43.7% (27/62), 87.5% (56/64), 67.2% (41/61) and 74.6% (47/63) of the cHL cases, respectively. EBER was detected in 53% (35/66) of the cases, whereas Ki67 was observed in 86.7% (52/60) of the cases. Apoptotic H/RS cells were observed infrequently, and only 43.2% (11/26) of the cases showed an apoptotic index of > or = 10% in the H/RS cells. A statistically significant inverse relationship was observed between the expression of Bcl-2 and the presence of EBV (P = 0.003). Bcl-xL showed an inverse correlation with apoptosis in the H/RS cells (P = 0.004).

CONCLUSIONS: The higher Bcl-xL expression (67.2%) compared with Bcl-2 expression (43.5%) observed in cHL as well as the statistically significant inverse relationship between Bcl-xL and apoptosis suggests that Bcl-xL plays an important role in the survival of H/RS cells. Expression of Bax may be neutralized by other anti-apoptotic members of the family such as Bcl-2 and/or Bcl-xL.
The pattern of lymphoma in east Malaysian patients as experienced in the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur

Chai SP, Peh SC, Kim LH, Lim MY, Gudum HR

Malays J Pathol, 1999 Jun;21(1):45-50.
PMID: 10879278

Lymphoma is a highly heterogeneous group of malignant disease. This study aimed to elucidate the pattern of lymphoma in the East Malaysian patient population. 107 cases of confirmed lymphomas from East Malaysian biopsy material were retrieved from the files of the Department of Pathology, University of Malaya, in the 3-year period between 1981 to 1983. With the use of a panel of lymphoid antibodies, the disease was sub-classified using the Rye classification for Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) and the REAL classification for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). All of the cases were tested for the presence of the Epstein-Barr virus by EBER-ISH. There were 11 (10.3%) HL, 80 (74.7%) B-NHL and 16 (15%) T-NHL. The HL:NHL ratio was 1:9. The most common tumour in children was Burkitt's lymphoma 7/13 (53.8%). In the adult group, there were 72/94 (76.6%) B-NHL ¿diffuse large cell type 51 (of which 2 were CD30+), Burkitt's lymphoma 8, follicular lymphoma 5, low grade MALT 2, mantle cell type 1 and not otherwise specified due to poor morphology 5¿, 13/94 (13.8%) T-NHL and 9/94 (9.6%) HL. Of the 9 adult HL, the most common subtype was nodular sclerosis (6, 66.7%). The EBER positive rate in classical HL, T-NHL, BL and B-NHL were 33.3%, 56.3%, 60.0% and 3.1% respectively. In conclusion, the spectrum of lymphoma seen in East Malaysia was rather similar to West Malaysia except for the very low prevalence of peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) in Sarawak (3.3%).
ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma with a monomorphic small-cell pattern masquerading as inflammatory gastric lesions

Lee JS, Choi SJ, Kim L, Park IS, Han JY, Kim JM, et al.

Malays J Pathol, 2019 Aug;41(2):213-222.
PMID: 31427559

INTRODUCTION: Anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive (ALK+) anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) with a non-common pattern can be diagnostic challenging. Pathologists can be unavoidably and unintentionally blind to non-descript tumor cells in a lymphohistiocytic- (LH) or small-cell (SC)-pattern. We report a case of primary systemic ALK+ ALCL with a SC pattern that presented as secondary gastric lesions with a mixed LH and SC pattern that was masqueraded as inflammatory lesions.
CASE REPORT: A 34-year-old woman with intractable epigastric pain was referred to have repeated endoscopy with biopsy. She was found to multiple gastric erosions and nodules that were diagnosed as inflammatory lesions both endoscopically and histologically. Meanwhile, she developed an acute onset of severe back pain associated with a pathologic compression fracture in the T3 thoracic vertebral body. Imaging studies disclosed a disseminated systemic disease involving abdominopelvic lymph nodes and cervical and thoracic vertebral bodies. The needle biopsy of the pelvic lymph node disclosed diffuse proliferation of monomorphic small round cells that were diffusely positive for CD30 and ALK. A diagnosis of ALK+ ALCL with a monomorphic SC pattern was rendered.
DISCUSSION: A retrospective review of the gastric biopsies with the aid of immunohistochemistry enabled us to recognise the presence of lymphomatous infiltrates with a mixed LH and SC pattern in every piece of gastric biopsies that were repeatedly misdiagnosed as inflammatory lesions. This case illustrates a significant diagnostic pitfall of the LH- and SC-patterns in ALK+ ALCL, in which the tumour cells featuring lymphoid, plasmacytoid or histiocytoid appearance can be masqueraded as inflammatory cells.
Fulltext Selection of phage-displayed human antibody fragments specific for CD1b presenting the Mycobacterium tuberculosis glycolipid Ac2SGL

Camacho F, Sarmiento ME, Reyes F, Kim L, Huggett J, Lepore M, et al.

Int J Mycobacteriol, 2016 06;5(2):120-7.
PMID: 27242221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmyco.2015.12.002

OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND: The development of new tools capable of targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-infected cells have potential applications in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of tuberculosis. In Mtb-infected cells, CD1b molecules present Mtb lipids to the immune system (Mtb lipid-CD1b complexes). Because of the lack of CD1b polymorphism, specific Mtb lipid-CD1b complexes could be considered as universal Mtb infection markers. 2-Stearoyl-3-hydroxyphthioceranoyl-2'-sulfate-α-α'-d-trehalose (Ac2SGL) is specific for Mtb, and is not present in other mycobacterial species. The CD1b-Ac2SGL complexes are expressed on the surface of human cells infected with Mtb. The aim of this study was to generate ligands capable of binding these CD1b-Ac2SGL complexes.
METHODS: A synthetic human scFv phage antibody library was used to select phage-displayed antibody fragments that recognized CD1b-Ac2SGL using CD1b-transfected THP-1 cells loaded with Ac2SGL.
RESULTS: One clone, D11-a single, light-variable domain (kappa) antibody (dAbκ11)-showed high relative binding to the Ac2SGL-CD1b complex.
CONCLUSION: A ligand recognizing the Ac2SGL-CD1b complex was obtained, which is a potential candidate to be further tested for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.