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Fulltext Functional Outcome of Open Latarjet Procedure in Non-Athletic Middle-Aged Patients

Joshi S, Rao V, Shetty UC, Rai S, Arora S, Kumar SR

Malays Orthop J, 2021 Jul;15(2):151-158.
PMID: 34429836 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.2107.022

Introduction: The movement and steadiness of the shoulder joint is due to both the dynamic and static stabilisers. Recurrent anterior shoulder instability is common due to the Bankart lesion or the Hill Sachs lesion. The bone loss and soft tissue failure due to these lesions causing instability is well compensated by Latarjet procedure which acts by triple blocking effect of the bone graft, the sling effect of the conjoint tendon of subscapularis and the ligament of the coracoacromial ligament stump.
Materials and methods: Middle-aged patients with recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation and a mid-range instability on clinical assessment with an isolated glenoid bone loss of 20% or Bankart lesion with engaging Hill Sachs lesion were selected for the study. The surgical procedure included a subscapularis split to expose the glenoid. The coracoid graft harvested was prefixed with Kirschner wires and placed flush over the glenoid ensuring no medial or lateral overhang and fixed with 4.0mm cancellous screws with the washer. The functional outcome was measured with the ROWE score and ASES score and the movements were evaluated.
Results: A total of 24 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Post-operatively at final follow-up, the mean ROWE score was 97.08 ±8.45 and the mean ASES score was 94.4±9.10. One patient had screw breakage as a complication and another had restriction of movement which was managed with physiotherapy.
Conclusion: Open Latarjet is an effective procedure for recurrent anterior shoulder instability in non-athletic middle-aged patients as a excellent functional outcome was achieved with this technique. We therefore recommend open Latarjet as an alternative to arthroscopic treatment in developing countries where patient affordability and the availability of the resources are the issues.
Fulltext The location of the inferior alveolar nerve in the malaysian population: Implications for dental implant planning

Kumar SR, Patil PG, Choy CS, Veerakumarasivam A

Indian J Dent Res, 2020 5 22;31(2):197-202.
PMID: 32436897 DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_553_17

Background: The location of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) is generally constant in fully grown mandibles. If we know its average distance from the lower border of the mandible, available bone length from the crest of the edentulous ridge can be estimated by physical measurement of the whole length of mandible in that area. This study aimed to measure the superio-inferior distance of the inferior alveolar nerve (SIDIAN) from the base of the mandible in posterior regions on the right and left side based on cone-beam-computed tomography (CBCT) scans and to evaluate gender and ethnicity-related variations in the Malaysian population.
Materials and Methods: A total of 100 CBCT-Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine files of the patients of 3 ethnic populations (Malay, Chinese and Indian) between the ages of 18 and 80 years were selected for the study. The files were imported onto the iCAT software. The measurements of the SIDIAN to the lower border of the mandible in molar regions were done on both sides. The data was analysed using t-test, one-way analysis of variance test, and correlation coefficient test via the SPSS software.
Results: Statistically significant positive correlations were identified between the SIDIAN from the lower border of the mandible in the first and second molar regions within the same side as well as between both sides of the mandible (r ≈ 0.8). There were no statistically significant differences between genders. However, there were statistically significant differences on both molar regions and on both sides in all three ethnic groups (P < 0.05). In general, the SIDIAN from the lower border of the mandible was greatest amongst Chinese and smallest amongst Indians.
Conclusions: The strong positive correlations on both sides of the mandible indicate the presence of symmetry. Ethnicity-related variations exist in terms of the location of the IAN in the mandible.
Fulltext Methanolic Extract of Piper sarmentosum Attenuates Obesity and Hyperlipidemia in Fructose-Induced Metabolic Syndrome Rats

Kumar SR, Mohd Ramli ES, Abdul Nasir NA, Mohd Ismail N, Mohd Fahami NA

Molecules, 2021 Jun 29;26(13).
PMID: 34210097 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133985

Obesity and hyperlipidemia are metabolic dysregulations that arise from poor lifestyle and unhealthy dietary intakes. These co-morbidity conditions are risk factors for vascular diseases. Piper sarmentosum (PS) is a nutritious plant that has been shown to pose various phytochemicals and pharmacological actions. This study aimed to investigate the effect of PS on obesity and hyperlipidemia in an animal model. Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five experimental groups. The groups were as follows: UG-Untreated group; CTRL-control; FDW-olive oil + 20% fructose; FDW-PS-PS (125 mg/kg) + 20% fructose; FDW-NGN-naringin (100 mg/kg) + 20% fructose. Fructose drinking water was administered daily for 12 weeks ad libitum to induce metabolic abnormality. Treatment was administered at week 8 for four weeks via oral gavage. The rats were sacrificed with anesthesia at the end of the experimental period. Blood, liver, and visceral fat were collected for further analysis. The consumption of 20% fructose water by Wistar rats for eight weeks displayed a tremendous increment in body weight, fat mass, percentage fat, LDL, TG, TC, HMG-CoA reductase, leptin, and reduced the levels of HDL and adiponectin as well as adipocyte hypertrophy. Following the treatment period, FDW-PS and FDW-NGN showed a significant reduction in body weight, fat mass, percentage fat, LDL, TG, TC, HMG-CoA reductase, and leptin with an increment in the levels of HDL and adiponectin compared to the FDW group. FDW-PS and FDW-NGN also showed adipocyte hypotrophy compared to the FDW group. In conclusion, oral administration of 125 mg/kg PS methanolic extract to fructose-induced obese rats led to significant amelioration of obesity and hyperlipidemia through suppressing the adipocytes and inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase. PS has the potential to be used as an alternative or adjunct therapy for obesity and hyperlipidemia.
Fulltext Oligonucleotide therapy: An emerging focus area for drug delivery in chronic inflammatory respiratory diseases

Mehta M, Deeksha, Tewari D, Gupta G, Awasthi R, Singh H, et al.

Chem Biol Interact, 2019 Aug 01;308:206-215.
PMID: 31136735 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.05.028

Oligonucleotide-based therapies are advanced novel interventions used in the management of various respiratory diseases such as asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). These agents primarily act by gene silencing or RNA interference. Better methodologies and techniques are the need of the hour that can deliver these agents to tissues and cells in a target specific manner by which their maximum potential can be reached in the management of chronic inflammatory diseases. Nanoparticles play an important role in the target-specific delivery of drugs. In addition, oligonucleotides also are extensively used for gene transfer in the form of polymeric, liposomal and inorganic carrier materials. Therefore, the current review focuses on various novel dosage forms like nanoparticles, liposomes that can be used efficiently for the delivery of various oligonucleotides such as siRNA and miRNA. We also discuss the future perspectives and targets for oligonucleotides in the management of respiratory diseases.