Displaying all 11 publications

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  1. Thanigasalam T, Sahoo S, Kyaw Soe HH
    Malays J Med Sci, 2014 Jul;21(4):51-3.
    PMID: 25977622
    This study was done to correlate the occurrence of posterior capsule rupture among patients with pseudoexfoliation during phacoemulsification. This was a retrospective audit of patients who underwent phacoemulsification type cataract surgery from January 2011 to December 2012 in a tertiary hospital in Malaysia. Data was obtained from the National Eye Database (NED) of Malaysia. The data was analysed using SPSS version 21.0. By using logistic regression analysis, it was found that there was no significant increase in the occurrence of posterior capsule rupture among patients with pseudoexfoliation. Hence, we concluded that there was no correlation between the occurrence of posterior capsule rupture and the presence of pesudoexfoliation among patients who underwent phacoemulsification.
  2. Uma E, Binti Mazalan NH, Binti Ramlan NA, Binti Adnan NA, Kyaw Soe HH
    Int J Appl Basic Med Res, 2021 07 19;11(3):148-153.
    PMID: 34458116 DOI: 10.4103/ijabmr.IJABMR_536_20
    Context: Primary teeth and dermal ridges form around the same time in utero. Hereditary and intrauterine factors affecting the formation of primary teeth may affect dermal ridge formation also.

    Aims: This pilot study was conducted to see the association between dermatoglyphics and dental caries among preschool children.

    Settings and Design: Cross sectional, case-control design.

    Materials and Methods: One hundred, healthy preschool children aged 3-6 years attending private kindergarten participated. They were divided equally into caries active and caries free group based on the oral examination. The fingerprint patterns were collected for all the fingers of both hands of children and categorized as loop, whorl or arch for each finger of the right and left hand.

    Statistical Analysis Used: Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test and Independent t-test to compare the dermatoglyphics patterns between the caries-free group and the caries active group for each variable.

    Results: (1) Dental caries susceptibility of an individual decreases with an increase in the incidence of loop pattern, followed by whorl pattern and arch pattern; (2) Left hand loop was found statistically significant (P = 0.03); (3) Presence of loop pattern in left hand thumb predicts significantly lower risk of caries, whereas the presence of arch pattern in left hand thumb predicts significantly high risk of early childhood caries (P = 0.01).

    Conclusions: The caries free status of a preschool child increased with the presence of loop on the left thumb.

  3. Kyaw Soe HH, Than NN, Lwin H, Nu Htay MNN, Phyu KL, Abas AL
    PMID: 29629384 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_61_17
    CONTEXT: Scientific research not only promotes health and combats diseases of an individual, but also it can strengthen the effectiveness of health systems. Hence, understanding of scientific methods becomes a crucial component in the medical profession.
    AIMS: This study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and barriers toward research among undergraduate medical and dental students.
    SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 295 undergraduate Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) and Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) students from a private medical college in Malaysia.
    MATERIALS AND METHODS: We purposively selected 360 students attending the 3rd, 4th, and 5th year in MBBS course and BDS course in September 2015. A total of 295 students who were willing to provide written informed consent were included in this study. We collected data using a validated, self-administered, structured questionnaire which included 20 questions about knowledge toward scientific research, 21 attitude items in regard to scientific research, a list of 10 barriers toward conducting medical research, and 5 questions of confidence to conduct the medical research.
    STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression.
    RESULTS: Among the students, 56.9% had moderate knowledge while the majority (83.3%) had moderate attitude toward scientific research. The majorly cited barriers were the lack of time (79.9%), lack of knowledge and skills (72.1%), lack of funding (72.0%) and facilities (63.6%), and lack of rewards (55.8%). There was a significant association between age, academic year, and knowledge of research as the older age group, and 4th- and 5th-year students had higher knowledge score. The students of higher attitude score had better-perceived barriers score toward research with regression coefficient 0.095 (95% confidence interval 0.032-0.159).
    CONCLUSIONS: Even though the students had the positive attitudes toward scientific research, a supportive and positive environment is needed to improve skills and knowledge of research and to overcome the barriers toward the conduct of scientific research.
    Study site: Melaka-Manipal Medical College (MMMC), Melaka, Malaysia
  4. Singh VP, Gan JY, Liew WL, Kyaw Soe HH, Nettem S, Nettemu SK
    Dent Res J (Isfahan), 2019 2 13;16(1):29-35.
    PMID: 30745916
    Background: Periodontitis is a public health concern since it is a major factor in tooth loss worldwide and has association with many systemic diseases. Sleep is a complex and essentially biological process and a critical factor for maintaining mental and physical health. Since inflammation is characteristic of both chronic periodontitis and sleep deprivation, few studies in recent years present the contradictory results regarding this potential association. The objective of the present study was to investigate the association between quality of sleep and chronic periodontitis.

    Materials and Methods: A total of 200 individuals participated in this study. All participants underwent a comprehensive clinical periodontal examination. Case-control were identified using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/American Academy of Periodontology case definitions for periodontal disease. The quality of sleep was assessed by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to test the influence of variables (quality of sleep, age, sex, ethnicity, education, and socioeconomic status), in the occurrence of periodontitis. Odds ratio (OR) and respective confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated and reported. P =0.05 was considered statistically significant.

    Results: The prevalence of poor quality of sleep was 56.75% in cases (periodontitis group) and 43.24% in control group. There was positive association between quality of sleep and chronic periodontitis (OR = 3.04; 95% CI = 1.42-6.5; P = 0.004). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, only the age was significantly related to the periodontitis (OR = 1.11; 95% CI = 1.07-1.41; P < 0.001), other variables failed to reach the significant level.

    Conclusion: Poor quality of sleep was significantly associated with chronic periodontitis. Only the age was significantly related to periodontitis among the other covariable measured.
  5. Hosadurga R, Kyaw Soe HH, Peck Lim AT, Adl A, Mathew M
    J Family Med Prim Care, 2020 Feb;9(2):925-932.
    PMID: 32318447 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_811_19
    CONTEXT: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are one of the leading causes of premature deaths among noncommunicable disease. Hypertension increases the risk of cardiovascular events. In addition to well-known risk factors for hypertension like obesity, lack of physical activity, studies have shown independent association between tooth loss and increased blood pressure and stroke. However, the relevant literature is not conclusive.

    AIMS: Aim of our study was to investigate the association between tooth loss and increased blood pressure among adult patients.

    METHODS AND MATERIAL: A cross-sectional study among 270 adults aged 20-59 years was conducted. The dependent variables were systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). The main exploratory variable was the number of self-reported natural teeth for each dental arch. They were recorded as 10 or more natural teeth, less than 10 natural teeth, and no natural teeth. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression analysis.

    RESULTS: Mean SBP was 125.3 mmHg and DBP was 78.9 mmHg. Moreover, 29.3% of participants had hypertension, 8.9% were edentulous, 22.8% had lost more than 10 teeth, and 68.3% had lost less than 10 teeth. Increased SBP was seen with increased tooth loss among participants. After adjusting for all covariates, no significant association between tooth loss and SBP and DBP was seen.

    CONCLUSIONS: The mean SBP was higher among the participants who were edentulous than partially edentulous. However, there was no significant association between tooth loss and SBP and DBP after adjusting for confounding factors.

  6. George Pallivathukal R, Kyaw Soe HH, Donald PM, Samson RS, Hj Ismail AR
    Cureus, 2024 Jan;16(1):e53032.
    PMID: 38410331 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53032
    BACKGROUND: The impact of generative artificial intelligence-based Chatbots on medical education, particularly in Southeast Asia, is understudied regarding healthcare students' perceptions of its academic utility. Sociodemographic profiles and educational strategies influence prospective healthcare practitioners' attitudes toward AI tools.

    AIM AND OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess healthcare university students' knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding ChatGPT for academic purposes. It explored chatbot usage frequency, purposes, satisfaction levels, and associations between age, gender, and ChatGPT variables.

    METHODOLOGY: Four hundred forty-three undergraduate students at a Malaysian tertiary healthcare institute participated, revealing varying awareness levels of ChatGPT's academic utility. Despite concerns about accuracy, ethics, and dependency, participants generally held positive attitudes toward ChatGPT in academics.

    RESULTS: Multiple logistic regression highlighted associations between demographics, knowledge, attitude, and academic ChatGPT use. MBBS students were significantly more likely to use ChatGPT for academics than BDS and FIS students. Final-year students exhibited the highest likelihood of academic ChatGPT use. Higher knowledge and positive attitudes correlated with increased academic usage. Most users (45.8%) employed ChatGPT to aid specific assignment sections while completing most work independently. Some did not use it (41.1%), while others heavily relied on it (9.3%). Users also employed it for various purposes, from generating questions to understanding concepts. Thematic analysis of responses showed students' concerns about data accuracy, plagiarism, ethical issues, and dependency on ChatGPT for academic tasks.

    CONCLUSION: This study aids in creating guidelines for implementing GAI chatbots in healthcare education, emphasizing benefits, and risks, and informing AI developers and educators about ChatGPT's potential in academia.

  7. Singh VP, Nettem S, Kyaw Soe HH, Babji NAB, Sahari AIB, Yusof LSBM, et al.
    Work, 2022;73(3):969-976.
    PMID: 35988242 DOI: 10.3233/WOR-210519
    BACKGROUND: Dental professionals have been reported to be constantly exposed to work-related musculoskeletal disorders with symptoms often started as early as the student phase. Risk perception may play an important role in modifying risk at work.

    OBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of gender, academic level, and the presence of painful symptoms on the perception of risk factors at work contributing to musculoskeletal symptoms among dental students of Melaka, Malaysia.

    METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of 183 clinical year dental students based on a convenience sample. The data were collected using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and Job Factor Questionnaire for assessment of musculoskeletal symptoms and risk factors at work respectively. Study data were evaluated using percentage, median, Cochran's Q test, Bonferroni correction, multiple linear regression analysis and Mann-Whitney U Test. The analysis was interpreted considering a 95 % confidence interval and significant level at P 

  8. Nayak V, Kumar S, Madhuri S, Kannaiyan K, Mathew M, Kyaw Soe HH, et al.
    Cureus, 2023 Dec;15(12):e51085.
    PMID: 38274929 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51085
    BACKGROUND: The routine oral and maxillofacial procedure involving the surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars comes with inherent risks to nearby anatomical structures. Proximity of mandibular third molar roots to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) poses a significant risk for injury, prompting the need for reliable assessment methods. Radiographic indicators, particularly those observed on intraoral periapical radiographs (IOPARs), offer a dependable means to evaluate proximity.

    OBJECTIVES: This study seeks to examine the closeness between the mandibular canal and the roots of mandibular third molars using IOPARs and to assess the incidence of postoperative neurosensory disorders.

    METHODS: A cohort of 100 subjects aged 18 to 25, presenting for partially erupted/ impacted mandibular third molar removal, underwent IOPAR examinations. Data analysis employed IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 12 (Released 2004; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States), calculating frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviations, and ranges. Radiographic signs of proximity were evaluated, and a standardized surgical procedure was performed under local anesthesia. Postoperative neurosensory disorders were assessed using various methods.

    RESULTS: Of the evaluated subjects, darkening of the root (52%) was the most prevalent radiographic sign, followed by interruption of the white line of the canal (20%). The prevalence of radiographic signs varied, with none of the patients experiencing narrowing of the root. Postsurgical paraesthesia assessment revealed no nerve sensitivity alterations in any patient.

    CONCLUSION: Preoperative radiographic examination is imperative for determining the relationship between mandibular third molar roots and the inferior alveolar canal, aiding in preventing IAN damage during extraction. Contrary to radiographic signs, there was no observed association between impacted mandibular third molar radiographic signs and the occurrence of postoperative neurosensory disorders.

  9. George Pallivathukal R, Kumar S, Joy Idiculla J, Kyaw Soe HH, Ke YY, Donald PM, et al.
    Cureus, 2024 Apr;16(4):e58238.
    PMID: 38745819 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58238
    BACKGROUND: Direct digital photography for lip print recording is a recent trend, and there is a dearth of systematic research on the analysis of the recorded prints with existing clip print classification systems.

    AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This study aims to compare the accuracy of the digital photographic method in lip print recording, comparing it with traditional methods, and assessing the suitability of commonly used lip print classification for analyzing lip prints recorded by photographic method.

    METHODOLOGY: A total of 72 participants aged between 20 and 26 were included. The lip print recording process involved photographing the lips without and with lipstick, followed by recording the lip print with cellophane tape on bond paper. The prints collected using the different methods were analyzed and compared for agreement, and the data were analyzed statistically.

    RESULTS: Inter-observer reliability was high for all methods (>0.800). The distribution of lip print patterns differed across the methods, suggesting a potential influence of the recording technique. The agreement between the conventional method and both digital methods was moderate (kappa=0.449-0.517). The agreement between digital methods with and without enhancement was also moderate (kappa=0.718). Notably, digital photographs with enhancement tend to have a higher positive agreement for several lip print types.

    CONCLUSION: Digital photography is a potential method for lip print recording. However, this study highlights the need for the calibration of lip print classification systems for digitally recorded lip prints. Further research is needed to refine the use of digital photography in forensic lip print analysis and to explore its integration with artificial intelligence for biometric identification.

  10. Marzo RR, Aye SS, Naing TW, Mon Kyaw T, Win MT, Kyaw Soe HH, et al.
    J Public Health Res, 2021 Nov 08;10(2 Suppl).
    PMID: 34751532 DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2021.2279
    BACKGROUND: COVID-19 pandemic reached a public health emergency status of international concern. The impacts and events associated with this were associated with adverse psychological impacts among the general public globally. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of psychological distress and to identify predictors associated with psychological distress due to the COVID-19 pandemic among the population in Myanmar.

    DESIGN AND METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from March to April 2020 among adults, 18 years old and above, who reside in Myanmar through a structured questionnaire distributed in social media platforms. Univariate and Bivariate analyses were used to estimate the prevalence of COVID-19 Peritraumatic Distress Index (CPDI) symptoms and to test the associations between CPDI and the exposure variables. Logistic Regression Analysis was done to identify significant predictors of distress.

    RESULTS: There were 530 participants in this study.37.4% of them did not have psychological distress,55.6% experienced mild to moderate psychological distress, and 7% experienced severe psychological distress due to COVID-19 pandemic. Simple and Multiple Logistic Regression Analyses were performed to determine the factors associated with psychological distress due to COVID-19.

    CONCLUSIONS: It was shown that the self-employed group and age group older than 45 years old had more psychological distress than others. However, Buddhists and people from the capital city had less distress than other religions and districts. This study recommends the government to develop better strategies for self-employed groups, elders, and the poor for a support, relief, and resettlement of their ruined status.

  11. Ramien AS, Azmi AAB, Ravichandran S, Wai Li TT, Ravendran S, Kyaw Soe HH, et al.
    Cureus, 2024 Mar;16(3):e56202.
    PMID: 38618473 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56202
    Background In Malaysia, the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) has been recognized as a vital instrument for evaluating oral health-related quality of life among the elderly population. Its integration into the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) in 2018 demonstrates the country's dedication to understanding and addressing the unique oral health challenges faced by older individuals. The NHMS, led by the Ministry of Health Malaysia, serves as a crucial platform for identifying and addressing healthcare needs, while also working towards achieving sustainable development goals. This study aimed to provide valuable information for stakeholders and researchers by investigating the relationship between quality of life related to oral health and demographic factors, with the ultimate goal of enhancing oral healthcare for older individuals. Objective The objective of this research was to identify the variables that impact the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) of non-institutionalized elderly individuals who visit the Klinik Pergigian Manipal University College Malaysia (MUCM). By utilizing the OHRQoL, dental practitioners can gain insight into the elderly's oral health-related quality of life, which is crucial information for dental healthcare providers to effectively reach out to and cater to the elderly at the institution. Methodology A cross-sectional design was employed, utilizing a non-probability sampling method to select eligible elderly individuals at the clinic. A validated questionnaire comprising 18 items covering sociodemographic details and the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) was distributed to individuals above 60 years via printed forms. One way ANOVA, unpaired t-test and multiple linear regression analysis were performed to analyze the data. Results The overall mean GOHAI score among non-institutionalized elderly attending Klinik Pergigian MUCM was 48.38±9.33, indicating poor OHRQoL. The psychosocial impact domain had a mean score of 19.33±5.21, surpassing the pain and discomfort domain with a score of 10.73±2.82, highlighting the significant impact of psychosocial factors on poor oral health-related quality of life. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed no significant associations between OHRQoL and factors such as ethnicity, living arrangements apart from spouse and family, or tertiary education among older individuals after adjusting for confounding variables. Conclusions This study indicates that sociodemographic aspects have minimal impact on the OHRQoL of seniors. Further examination is needed to understand the economic aspects of tooth replacement options and preventive measures in this age group. To enhance the OHRQoL of older adults, especially those not living in facilities like nursing homes or assisted living centers, tailored oral healthcare plans and strategies are crucial. Interdisciplinary collaboration among mental health professionals, geriatric experts, and oral healthcare providers is crucial for empowering both healthcare practitioners and seniors to maintain optimal oral health.
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