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Biomarkers, immune responses and cellular changes in vaccinated and non-vaccinated goats during experimental infection of M. haemolytica A2 under tropical conditions

Maqbool A, Paul BT, Jesse FFA, Teik Chung EL, Mohd Lila MA, Haron AW

Microb Pathog, 2021 Aug;157:105001.
PMID: 34048891 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105001

BACKGROUND: We investigated the biomarkers, immune responses and cellular changes in vaccinated and non-vaccinated goats experimentally challenged with M. haemolytica serotype A2 under rainy and hot tropical conditions. A total of twenty-four clinically healthy, non-pregnant, female goats randomly allocated to 2 groups of 12 goats each were used for the study. The 12 goats in each season were subdivided into three groups (n = 4), which served as the control (G-NEG), non-vaccinated (G-POS), and vaccinated (G-VACC). In week-1, the G-VACC received 2 mL of alum-precipitated pasteurellosis vaccine while G-POS and G-NEG received 2 ml of sterile PBS. In week 2, the G-POS and G-VACC received 1 mL intranasal spray containing 105 CFU of M. haemolytica serotype A2. Inoculation was followed by daily monitoring and weekly bleeding for eight weeks to collect data and serum for biomarkers and immune responses using commercial ELISA test kits. The goats were humanely euthanised at the end of the experiments to collect lungs and the submandibular lymph nodes tissue samples for gross and histopathological examinations.
RESULTS: Regardless of the season, we have observed a significant (p
Does educated labor force is managing the green economy in BRCS? Fresh evidence from NARDL-PMG approach

Naseer S, Song H, Chupradit S, Maqbool A, Hashim NAAN, Vu HM

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2021 Nov 03.
PMID: 34731420 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16834-7

It is observed that an educated labor force can increase the absorption capacity of the economy and improve the effectiveness of green technologies that lead to a reduction in potential CO2 emissions. The study investigates whether an educated labor force contributes to the management of the green economy or not in BRCS economies. Panel ARDL-PMG and NARDL-PMG approaches have been employed for empirical analysis for data ranging from 1995 to 2019. According to the ARDL-PMG results, a highly educated labor force contributes to alleviating CO2 emissions in the long run. In contrast, the findings of NARDL-PMG infer that positive component of a highly educated labor force has a significant negative impact on CO2 emissions, while negative component of a highly educated labor force has a positive impact on CO2 emissions in the long run. The study suggests that BRCS countries' policymakers should promote education and training for the labor force to maintain a reduction in CO2 emissions.
Fulltext Association between Mannheimia haemolytica infection with reproductive physiology and performance in small ruminants: A review

Jesse FFA, Amira NA, Isa KM, Maqbool A, Ali NM, Chung ELT, et al.

Vet World, 2019 Jul;12(7):978-983.
PMID: 31528021 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.978-983

Mannheimiosis or pneumonic pasteurellosis commonly occurs in small ruminants. Mannheimiosis is caused by Mannheimia haemolytica (M. haemolytica) a Gram-negative coccobacillus producing acute febrile and infectious condition resulting in death of animal if not diagnosed and treated promptly. M. haemolytica serotype A2 is a commensal of the nasopharynx, gaining access to the lungs when host defenses are compromised by stress or infection in small ruminants. Till date, there is a vast literature and research that has been conducted on the pathogenesis of M. haemolytica invariably on respiratory system and its related immune system and mechanisms. From the clinical point of view, infection or diseases involving vital organs will systemically affect the production and performance of the infected animal. Therefore, there is a huge gap of knowledge and research to answer the question whether there is any association between M. haemolytica infection with reproductive physiology and performance in small ruminants and how it affects the productivity level. This review will explore the possibilities of involvement and new potential research to be carried out to determine the involvement of male and female reproductive system with M. haemolytica infection among small ruminants.
Fulltext Further Insights Into Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis (CAE): The Current Status of Seroprevalence Among Small Ruminants in Two Selected States of Peninsular Malaysia

Paul BT, Hashi HA, Burhannuddin NN, Chung ELT, Jesse FFA, Lila MAM, et al.

Trop Life Sci Res, 2021 Jun;32(2):83-96.
PMID: 34367516 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2021.32.2.6

Caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) is a member of the genus lentivirus causing caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE), a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the lungs, joints, udder and central nervous system of small ruminants such as sheep and goats. CAE is distributed worldwide and is recognised as a significant cause of morbidity and decreased milk production in dairy goats. Earlier studies highlighted the clinicopathological features and supplied preliminary serological evidence for the existence of CAE among selected goat herds in Malaysia. Therefore, this study aims to provide further insights into the seroprevalence and contributing factors of CAE among sheep and goat herds in two states of Peninsular Malaysia. The blood samples and biodata were randomly collected from a total of 262 individual sheep (40) and goat (222) in seven smallholder farms. Blood sera were tested for specific anti-CAEV antibodies using Qayee-Bio CAEV sandwich-ELISA test kits according to standard procedures. Our results of the study revealed 21.4% (95% CI: 15.8-28.6) apparent and 20.6% (95% CI: 14.5-27.8) true seroprevalence with significant differences (p < 0.05) in seroconversion rates between the states, farms, production systems and breeds of small ruminants. The prevalence of CAE in the Malaysian Peninsular is a potential threat to the small ruminant industry and developing agricultural economy. Further studies are required to determine the genetic characteristics, distribution and risk factors of CAEV for effective prevention and control in Malaysia.