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A study on the prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in Singapore

Lim KC, Pillai R, Singh M

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1982 Dec;13(4):547-50.
PMID: 6763354

The indirect fluorescence antibody technique has been employed to study the prevalence of toxoplasma antibodies in Singapore. 42.5% of clinically suspected cases of toxoplasmosis showed antibody titres. Of these, 17.5% had titres greater than or equal to 1.64. Malays and Indians have higher positive rates compared to the main ethnic group, the Chinese. Antibody titres are found in both males and females and span through the various age groups. The possible mode of transmission is discussed and the importance of congenital toxoplasmosis is indicated.
Fulltext Analysing the behavioural, psychological, and demographic determinants of financial decision making of household investors

Kumar P, Islam MA, Pillai R, Sharif T

Heliyon, 2023 Feb;9(2):e13085.
PMID: 36793953 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13085

Adding to the behavioural science domain, the principal idea behind the study is to investigate the impact of an array of behavioural, psychological, and demographic factors on financial decision making. The study utilizes a structured questionnaire to collect the opinions of 634 investors using a blend of random and snowball sampling techniques. The partial least squares structural equation modelling has been used to test hypotheses. PLS Predict has been applied to estimate the out-of-sample predictive power of the proposed model. Finally, the multi-group analysis has been applied to assess the differences across gender. Our findings attest the relevance of digital financial literacy, financial capability, financial autonomy, and impulsivity on financial decision making. Additionally, financial capability partially mediates the nexus between digital financial literacy and financial decision making. Also, Impulsivity negatively moderates the relationship between financial capability and financial decision making. The overall results of this comprehensive and unique study portray the influence that various psychological, behavioural, and demographic factors have on financial decision making, favouring the design of a feasible and lucrative financial portfolio to ensure financial well-being of households in the long run.
Fulltext The feasibility of a public-private mix program on pulmonary tuberculosis screening in Penang: A pilot study

Tang WS, Chan MW, Kow FP, Ambigapathy R, Wong JHW, Thiruvengadam V, et al.

Malays Fam Physician, 2021 Mar 25;16(1):75-83.
PMID: 33948145 DOI: 10.51866/oa1096

Background: The low detection rate of tuberculosis (TB) cases in Malaysia remains a challenge in the effort to end TB by 2030. The collaboration between private and public health care facilities is essential in addressing this issue. As of now, no private-public health care collaborative program in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) screening exists in Malaysia.
Aim: To determine the feasibility of a collaborative program between private general practitioners (GPs) and the public primary health clinics in PTB screening and to assess the yield of smear-positive PTB from this program.
Methods: A prospective cohort study using convenient sampling was conducted involving GPs and public health clinics in the North-East District, Penang, from March 2018 to May 2019. In this study, GPs could direct all suspected PTB patients to perform a sputum acid fast bacilli (AFB) direct smear in any of the dedicated public primary health clinics. The satisfaction level of both the GPs and their patients were assessed using a self-administered client satisfaction questionnaire. IBM SPSS Statistical Software was used to analyze the data.
Results: Out of a total of 31 patients who underwent the sputum investigation for PTB, one (3.2%) was diagnosed to have smear-positive PTB. Most of the patients (>90%) and GPs (66.7%) agreed to continue with this program in the future. Furthermore, most of the patients (>90%) were satisfied with the program structure.
Conclusion: It is potentially feasible to involve GPs in combating TB. However, a more structured program addressing the identified issues is needed to make the collaborative program a success.
Fulltext Synacinn™: Bacterial reverse mutation test data in five histidine-requiring strains of Salmonella Typhimurium

Zainol SN, Fadhlina A, Rentala SV, Yalaka M, Vatsavai LK, Pillai R, et al.

Data Brief, 2021 Jun;36:107075.
PMID: 34041312 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.107075

The present data described the analysis of mutagenicity in SynacinnTM by assessing the point mutations occurring due to Synacinn™ exposure to five tester strains of Salmonella typhimurium (TA1537, TA1535, TA98, TA100 and TA102), in the presence or absence of an exogenous mammalian metabolic activation system (S9). It was conducted in two Phases - Phase I (Dose Range Finding experiment-DRF) and Phase II (Mutagenicity Assay 1 and 2). DRF and Mutagenicity Assay 1 was conducted employing plate incorporation method, while Mutagenicity Assay 2 was performed using pre-incubation method. Formulation analysis pertaining to SynacinnTM was performed for both Mutagenicity Assay 1 and 2. Dose formulations were prepared fresh on each day of the experiment. Adventol 50% v/v in purified water was selected as a suitable vehicle based on the preliminary solubility test. Based on the Phase I analysis, 5 mg/plate was selected as the highest concentration of SynacinnTM followed by lower concentrations of 2.5, 1.25, 0.625 and 0.313 mg/plate for the Mutagenicity Assays. Genetic integrity of all the tester strains used was confirmed by performing genotyping before their use. All the data acceptability criteria were fulfilled confirming the validity of the test.
Fulltext Analytical method cross validation by HPLC for identification of five markers and quantification of one marker in SynacinnTM formulations and its in vivo bone marrow micronucleus test data

Zainol SN, Fadhlina A, Rentala SV, Pillai R, Yalaka M, Bansal I, et al.

Data Brief, 2021 Jun;36:107001.
PMID: 33997190 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.107001

A HPLC method has been validated for identifying five markers (gallic acid, rosmarinic acid, catechin, andrographolide and curcumin) and quantifying curcumin in SynacinnTM formulation. The validation (bracketed strengths of 10 mg/mL and 100 mg/mL) involved assessment of selectivity, precision, Limit of Detection (LOD), Limit of Quantification (LOQ), linearity, accuracy, stability in diluent and formulation stability. Meanwhile, in vivo bone marrow micronucleus test data was presented to evaluate the toxicity potential of Synacinn™ to cause clastogenicity and/or disruption of the mitotic apparatus, as measured by its ability to induce micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MN PCE) in Sprague Dawley rat bone marrow. The test was conducted in two phases viz., Phase I (Dose Range Finding experiment) and Phase II (Definitive experiment). Phase I was conducted to assess general toxicity and bone marrow cytotoxicity of Synacinn™, and to select the doses for the definitive experiment. In-life observations included mortality, clinical signs of toxicity and body weight. Bone marrow samples were collected and extracted from the femur bone using fetal bovine serum. The pellet obtained after the centrifugation was used for preparing bone marrow smears to evaluate the number of immature and mature erythrocytes.
Fulltext Prognostic validation of a non-laboratory and a laboratory based cardiovascular disease risk score in multiple regions of the world

Joseph P, Yusuf S, Lee SF, Ibrahim Q, Teo K, Rangarajan S, et al.

Heart, 2018 04;104(7):581-587.
PMID: 29066611 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2017-311609

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of the non-laboratory INTERHEART risk score (NL-IHRS) to predict incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) across seven major geographic regions of the world. The secondary objective was to evaluate the performance of the fasting cholesterol-based IHRS (FC-IHRS).
METHODS: Using measures of discrimination and calibration, we tested the performance of the NL-IHRS (n=100 475) and FC-IHRS (n=107 863) for predicting incident CVD in a community-based, prospective study across seven geographic regions: South Asia, China, Southeast Asia, Middle East, Europe/North America, South America and Africa. CVD was defined as the composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure or coronary revascularisation.
RESULTS: Mean age of the study population was 50.53 (SD 9.79) years and mean follow-up was 4.89 (SD 2.24) years. The NL-IHRS had moderate to good discrimination for incident CVD across geographic regions (concordance statistic (C-statistic) ranging from 0.64 to 0.74), although recalibration was necessary in all regions, which improved its performance in the overall cohort (increase in C-statistic from 0.69 to 0.72, p<0.001). Regional recalibration was also necessary for the FC-IHRS, which also improved its overall discrimination (increase in C-statistic from 0.71 to 0.74, p<0.001). In 85 078 participants with complete data for both scores, discrimination was only modestly better with the FC-IHRS compared with the NL-IHRS (0.74 vs 0.73, p<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: External validations of the NL-IHRS and FC-IHRS suggest that regionally recalibrated versions of both can be useful for estimating CVD risk across a diverse range of community-based populations. CVD prediction using a non-laboratory score can provide similar accuracy to laboratory-based methods.