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Fulltext Prophylactic direct oral anticoagulants vs. low molecular weight heparin after urological surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Ramadhan M, AlMehandi A, Al-Naseem A, Hayat J, Almarzouq A

Arab J Urol, 2025;23(1):84-94.
PMID: 39776556 DOI: 10.1080/20905998.2024.2395202

PURPOSE: To compare the outcomes of using prophylactic direct oral anti-coagulants (DOAC) and low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) after major urologic surgery.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Systematic literature searches of MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL were performed up to 9 November 2023, and protocols were registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024494424). The primary outcomes were post-operative incidence of VTE and bleeding. The secondary outcomes included re-admissions and transfusions needed, post-operative complications and exploring the radical cystectomy sub-group. Outcomes were reported in 30 and 90 days where feasible with sub-group analysis.
RESULTS: Searches yielded four studies that included 856 patients and the outcomes were reported within 30 and 90 days, with sub-analysis performed for each time-interval. We found no statistically significant differences between DOAC and LWMH within neither primary nor secondary outcomes; VTE events (RR 0.36; p = 0.06); bleeding events (RR 0.64; p = 0.45); re-admissions (RR 1.14; p = 0.39); transfusions (RR 0.42; p = 0.05) within 0-90 days and post-operative complications within 30 days (RR 0.76; p = 0.17). Similar results were found when exploring radical cystectomy sub-group: VTE risk (RR 0.42, p = 0.15), bleeding risk (RR 1.09; p = 0.90), and re-admissions to hospital (RR 1.18, p = 0.35). Limitations include small sample size, and difficult generalization to all urological surgery as most of the analyzed cohort underwent radical cystectomy.
CONCLUSION: DOACs may be a safe and possibly cost-effective alternative to LMWH as post-operative thromboprophylaxis. However, these findings should be interpreted with caution due to limitations; therefore, more randomized studies are needed to ascertain our findings.
Amaurosis Post-Bilateral Neck Dissection: A Systematic Review

Hayat J, Ali Y, Hussain S, Ramadhan M, Al-Gilani M

Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2024 Dec;76(6):5009-5024.
PMID: 39559074 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-024-04972-6

To discuss the prevalence of amaurosis post-bilateral radical neck dissections; and to provide a management algorithm that highlights the approaches undertaken in available literature to minimize incidence and maximally improve outcomes. This objective will be achieved by systematically reviewing and highlighting current literature. We systematically reviewed Pubmed, EMBASE, and Web of Science for articles pertaining to the management of amaurosis post-bilateral neck dissection. A comprehensive search of available literature was conducted by two independent authors to yield 23 articles to be included in the review. Due to the heterogeneity of study designs and outcome measures, findings were summarized and analyzed descriptively. 23 cases were reported between 1960 and 2021; n = 21 were reported through case reports. Neck dissection type alongside pharyngectomy (n = 7) and laryngectomy (n = 13) status were documented. Mean symptomatic onset was 7.3 ± 5.561 days; median onset n = 3. Seven reported symptoms post-operative day (POD) 0. n = 17 patients underwent bilateral radical neck dissections. n = 16 patients reported intraoperative hypotension. Investigations the patients underwent were documented. The most common causes of the disease included posterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (PION) (n = 8) and anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (AION) (n = 5). The mean transfused amount of blood was 750 ml. The most common management of amaurosis post-bilateral neck dissection were through high dose corticosteroids. Mannitol and acetazolamide were also documented managements of the condition. Overall, there is a paucity of evidence pertaining to the management of amaurosis post-bilateral neck dissection; highlighting the importance of reviewing the available literature and proposing a management algorithm.
Ultrasound versus fluoroscopy-guided extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy in renal calculi: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Ramadhan M, Braga A, Alzaid M, Benzouak T, Hamouche F, Almarzouq A

Urolithiasis, 2025 Feb 26;53(1):41.
PMID: 40009135 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-025-01696-2

Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) is one of the first-line treatments in the management of renal stones and is usually performed using fluoroscopic (FS) guidance. Ultrasonography (US) is a potential alternative with minimal radiation exposure. The primary aim of this study was to compare the stone free rate (SFR) between US and FS guided ESWL. The secondary outcomes were overall complications, re-intervention rate, hematuria, UTI, pain occurrence and number of shocks required. A prospectively registered systematic review and meta-analysis (CRD42024511335) according to PRISMA guidelines, was conducted. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, were searched up to February 15, 2024. Snowballing techniques and Google Scholar were used for external gray literature. Adult and pediatric subgroups were pooled and individually analyzed. Twelve studies were identified with 2673 patients. Ultrasonography yielded a significantly favorable SFR (OR 1.43;95%CI [1.06-1.94]; P = 0.02). This difference was found only in the adult subgroup. No differences were found between modalities, nor within any subgroup in terms of secondary outcomes. In this meta-analysis, US-ESWL demonstrated a higher SFR compared to standard FS-ESWL However, this finding was shown only in adult patients, and although there was no difference in pediatric patients, the minimized radiation exposure remains an attractive attribute in US-ESWL.These results should be interpreted cautiously, due to a limited number of RCTs and heterogeneity between studies. More research is needed especially in pediatric populations, to further elucidate the role of US in ESWL.
Fulltext Fever with intradialytic pelvic pain: a case of iliopsoas abscess complicated with Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus Aureus bacteraemia in an end stage renal failure patient

Alif Adlan MT, Wan Mohd Rasis WA, Mohd Ramadhan MD

Med J Malaysia, 2016 04;71(2):72-3.
PMID: 27326946 MyJurnal

Staphylococcus Aureus is a Gram-positive cocci bacteria which had been found to be the causative organism in over 88% of patients with primary iliopsoas abscess. We report the case of a 53-year-old diabetic woman with end-stage renal failure diagnosed with left iliopsoas abscess with a catheter-related infection. Computed tomogram (CT) of abdomen and pelvis revealed hypodense lesions of left psoas, iliacus and quadratus lumborum suggestive of psoas abscesses. In addition, osteomyelitis changes at left sacroiliac and hip joint were seen. At surgery, she was found to have abscess at the posterior psoas muscle where she underwent open surgery drainage and percutaneous drain was inserted. A high index of suspicion of iliopsoas abscess should be maintained among haemodialysis patients presenting with intradialytic pelvic and hip pain and treated with optimal antibiotics therapy with appropriate surgical intervention.
Fulltext The Role of Mobile Health Technology in Perioperative Spinal Care: A Systematic Scoping Review and Narrative Synthesis

Hayat J, Ramadhan M, Gonnah AR, Alfadhli A, Al-Naseem AO

Cureus, 2024 Feb;16(2):e54254.
PMID: 38496189 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54254

Smartphone applications play a crucial role in contemporary healthcare by aiming to enhance patient care through technology. Mobile health (mHealth) applications have proven to have transformative potential in enhancing patients' outcomes in candidates undergoing orthopedic and spinal surgery. In the context of the pervasive use of smartphones and the exponential growth of mHealth apps, totaling over 99,000 in 2021, the applications had a significant impact on lifestyle management, supporting initiatives like smoking cessation with motivational reminders and progress tracking. Patient compliance is significantly enhanced, reducing surgery cancellations and improving outcomes through effective adherence to pre-operative treatments and instructions. Physiotherapy receives a substantial boost as mHealth facilitates video-guided exercises, potentially improving compliance and treatment outcomes. Data collection takes on innovative dimensions, with mHealth apps capturing post-operative metrics like physical activity, offering valuable insights into patient recovery trends. Remote care is streamlined through features like photo uploads and direct messaging, proving especially beneficial in times of crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite these merits, challenges emerge, including issues related to technological literacy, potential discrimination due to paywalls, and concerns about patient data confidentiality. Overcoming these challenges requires standardized approaches, legislative measures, and ongoing research to refine and optimize mHealth applications for diverse healthcare settings.
Comparative Analysis of Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate and Robotic-Assisted Simple Prostatectomy in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Management: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Benzouak T, Addar A, Prudencio-Brunello MA, Saed Aldien A, Amougou SE, AlShammari A, et al.

J Urol, 2025 Feb;213(2):150-161.
PMID: 39423101 DOI: 10.1097/JU.0000000000004297

PURPOSE: As the prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) increases, the demand for surgical interventions that optimize patient outcomes while minimizing complications grows. This systematic review compares the efficacy, efficiency, and safety of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) with robotic-assisted simple prostatectomy (RASP), providing insights for evidence-based surgical decision-making in BPH treatment.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, the study protocol was registered with Prospero (CRD42024509627). Searches were conducted in Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature up to February 1, 2024, to include studies that compare HoLEP and RASP in patients with BPH. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale.
RESULTS: HoLEP and RASP demonstrated equivalent effectiveness in treating BPH, as shown by similar functional outcomes such as maximum urinary flow rate and postvoid residual volume. However, HoLEP outperformed RASP in several operational efficiency metrics, reducing operative time by 49.48 minutes, hospitalization duration by 1.5 days, and catheterization period by 3.8 days. HoLEP also significantly reduced the risk of blood transfusions by 75%. Patients undergoing RASP were 1.87 times more at risk for grade 2 complications and 3.41 times more at risk for developing grade 3 or above complications.
CONCLUSIONS: HoLEP and RASP are effective for managing BPH. HoLEP shows advantages in recovery metrics and lower blood transfusion rates, while RASP benefits from ease of implementation in robotic-equipped facilities. Optimizing surgical outcomes will depend on reducing disparities in technique adoption, improving surgical training, and aligning with evidence-based guidelines.
Fulltext In-hospital Mortality Rates in SARS-CoV-2 Patients Treated with Enoxaparin and Heparin

Alroomi M, Alsaber A, Al-Bader B, Almutairi F, Malhas H, Pan J, et al.

Clin Appl Thromb Hemost, 2022;28:10760296221131802.
PMID: 36285386 DOI: 10.1177/10760296221131802

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate in-hospital mortality rates in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) according to enoxaparin and heparin use.
METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included 962 patients admitted to two hospitals in Kuwait with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. Cumulative all-cause mortality rate was the primary outcome.
RESULTS: A total of 302 patients (males, 196 [64.9%]; mean age, 57.2 ± 14.6 years; mean body mass index, 29.8 ± 6.5 kg/m2) received anticoagulation therapy. Patients receiving anticoagulation treatment tended to have pneumonia (n = 275 [91.1%]) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (n = 106 [35.1%]), and high D-dimer levels (median [interquartile range]: 608 [523;707] ng/mL). The mortality rate in this group was high (n = 63 [20.9%]). Multivariable logistic regression, the Cox proportional hazards, and Kaplan-Meier models revealed that the use of therapeutic anticoagulation agents affected the risk of all-cause cumulative mortality.
CONCLUSION: Age, hypertension, pneumonia, therapeutic anticoagulation, and methylprednisolone use were found to be strong predictors of in-hospital mortality. In elderly hypertensive COVID-19 patients on therapeutic anticoagulation were found to have 2.3 times higher risk of in-hospital mortality. All cause in-hospital mortality rate in the therapeutic anticoagulation group was up to 21%.
Fulltext In-hospital mortality in SARS-CoV-2 stratified by hemoglobin levels: A retrospective study

Al-Jarallah M, Rajan R, Saber AA, Pan J, Al-Sultan AT, Abdelnaby H, et al.

EJHaem, 2021 Aug;2(3):335-339.
PMID: 34226901 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.195

This study is to estimate in-hospital mortality in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) patients stratified by hemoglobin (Hb) level. Patients were stratified according to hemoglobin level into two groups, that is, Hb <100 g/L and Hb >100 g/L. A total of 6931 patients were included. Of these, 6377 (92%) patients had hemoglobin levels >100 g/L. The mean age was 44 ± 17 years, and 66% of the patients were males. The median length of overall hospital stay was 13 days [2; 31]. The remaining 554 (8%) patients had a hemoglobin level <100 g/L. Overall mortality was 176 patients (2.54%) but was significantly higher in the group with hemoglobin levels <100 g/L (124, 22.4%) than in the group with hemoglobin levels >100 g/L (52, 0.82%). Risk factors associated with increased mortality were determined by multivariate analysis. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed hemoglobin as a predictor of mortality. Cox proportional hazards regression coefficients for hemoglobin for the HB ≤ 100 category of hemoglobin were significant, B = 2.79, SE = 0.17, and HR = 16.34, p
Fulltext Ferritin level: A predictor of severity and mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients

Alroomi M, Rajan R, Omar AA, Alsaber A, Pan J, Fatemi M, et al.

Immun Inflamm Dis, 2021 Dec;9(4):1648-1655.
PMID: 34438471 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.517

INTRODUCTION: This study aims to investigate in-hоsрitаl mоrtаlity in severe асute resрirаtоry syndrоme соrоnаvirus 2 раtients strаtified by serum ferritin levels.
METHODS: Patients were stratified based on ferritin levels (ferritin levels ≤ 1000 or >1000).
RESULTS: Approximately 89% (118) of the patients with ferritin levels > 1000 had pneumonia, and 51% (67) had hypertension. Fever (97, 73.5%) and shortness of breath (80, 61%) were two major symptoms among the patients in this group. Logistic regression analysis indicated that ferritin level (odds ratio [OR] = 0.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.21-0.62; p 1000.
CONCLUSION: In this study, higher levels of serum ferritin were found to be an independent predictor of in-hоsрitаl mоrtаlity.