MyMedR

Displaying all 7 publications

Abstract:

Sort:

Fulltext Immune Persistence After Infant Hepatitis-B Vaccination: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Mahmood S, Shah KU, Khan TM

Sci Rep, 2018 08 22;8(1):12550.
PMID: 30135554 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30512-8

A systematic review was performed to estimate the duration of protection of Hepatitis-B vaccine after primary vaccination during infancy. The number of seropositive participants with anti-HBs antibody titer ≥ 10 mIU/ml and seronegative participants who had anti-HBs antibody titer ≤ 10 mIU/ml after booster dose was the main outcome criteria to find out the protection time of Hepatitis-B vaccine. Twelve studies were selected for systematic review. Overall, results from the meta-analysis have revealed that the risk of Anti-HBs Titer ≤ 10 mIU/ml reduced by 50%. Upon performing the sub-group analysis it was revealed that the overall risk of having Anti-HBs Titre ≤ 10 mIU/ml was reduced up to 62% among the subjects age 21-30 years (0.38 [0.34, 0.44]; I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.938). Furthermore, it was observed that the risk of having titre level less than 10 mIU/ml for plasma derived vaccines were to be 56% [0.44, CI 0.33-0.57, I2 90.9%, p = <0.001]. Vaccination in early infancy does not ensure protection against Hepatitis-B infection. There is a strong correlation between the duration of protection and time elapsed after primary immunization during infancy.
From nanoemulsions to self-nanoemulsions, with recent advances in self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS)

Rehman FU, Shah KU, Shah SU, Khan IU, Khan GM, Khan A

Expert Opin Drug Deliv, 2017 Nov;14(11):1325-1340.
PMID: 27485144 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2016.1218462

INTRODUCTION: Lipid-based drug delivery systems (LBDDS) are the most promising technique to formulate the poorly water soluble drugs. Nanotechnology strongly influences the therapeutic performance of hydrophobic drugs and has become an essential approach in drug delivery research. Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) are a vital strategy that combines benefits of LBDDS and nanotechnology. SNEDDS are now preferred to improve the formulation of drugs with poor aqueous solubility. Areas covered: The review in its first part shortly describes the LBDDS, nanoemulsions and clarifies the ambiguity between nanoemulsions and microemulsions. In the second part, the review discusses SNEDDS and elaborates on the current developments and modifications in this area without discussing their associated preparation techniques and excipient properties. Expert opinion: SNEDDS have exhibit the potential to increase the bioavailability of poorly water soluble drugs. The stability of SNEDDS is further increased by solidification. Controlled release and supersaturation can be achieved, and are associated with increased patient compliance and improved drug loads, respectively. Presence of biodegradable ingredients and ease of large-scale manufacturing combined with a lot of 'drug-targeting opportunities' give SNEDDS a clear distinction and prominence over other solubility enhancement techniques.
Non-pharmacological management of hypertension: in the light of current research

Mahmood S, Shah KU, Khan TM, Nawaz S, Rashid H, Baqar SWA, et al.

Ir J Med Sci, 2019 May;188(2):437-452.
PMID: 30136222 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-018-1889-8

Hypertension is a major risk factor for a number of cardiovascular diseases. Proper management of hypertension may require both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Non-pharmacological interventions help reduce the daily dose of antihypertensive medication and delay the progression from prehypertension to hypertension stage. Non-pharmacological interventions include lifestyle modifications like dietary modifications, exercise, avoiding stress, and minimizing alcohol consumption. Nutritional requirements of hypertensive individuals can be addressed through adopting either the DASH diet or through traditional Mediterranean diet. These dietary guidelines promote the consumption of fruits, vegetables, grains, dairy products, and food rich in K+, Mg+2, Ca+2, and phosphorus. Restriction of Na+ intake has the greatest role in lowering the blood pressure. The DASH diet alone has the effect equal to that of a single drug therapy. After dietary modifications, exercise and weight loss are the second major intervention for hypertension management. Avoiding stressful lifestyle, depression, and anxiety also help to reduce elevated blood pressure. Minimizing alcohol intake also favors the blood pressure reduction. However, lifestyle modification is a dynamic process and requires continuous adherence. It is a multi-factorial approach targeting more than one intervention. However, 6-12-month lifestyle modifications can be attempted in stage-1 hypertensive patients without any cardiovascular complication, in the hope that they may be sufficiently effective to make it unnecessary to use medicines.
Prevalence and determinants of restless leg syndrome in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Pakistan

Nawaz MS, Nawaz MS, Shah KU, Mustafa ZU, Ahmed A, Sajjad Ahmed H, et al.

Diabetes Metab Syndr, 2021 Feb 13;15(2):525-528.
PMID: 33668002 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.02.013

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Restless legs syndromes (RLS) are intrinsic sleeping disorder and its prevalence rate is 10-15% in general population but it is observed that prevalence rate is different in diabetes patients. Current study aims to find prevalence and determinants of RLS in people living with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Pakistan.
METHOD: A multicenter cross-sectional observational study was conducted in 388 diabetes patients attending daily diabetes clinics and teaching hospitals in Pakistan's twin city between August 2019 and February 2020. The chi-square test and linear regression were used to detect RLS-related factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
RESULTS: The prevalence of RLS found was; 3.1% patients with diabetes were suffering from very severe RLS, 23.5% from severe RLS, 34% from moderate RLS, 21.1% from mild RLS and 18.3% from non-RLS. Gender, age, education, blood glucose fasting (BSF), blood glucose random (BSR) and HBA1c were found to be significant predictors of RLS in patients with diabetes.
CONCLUSION: Policy makers can develop local interventions to curb the growing RLS prevalence by keeping in control the risk factors of RLS in people living with type 2 diabetes.
Evaluation of current trends and recent development in insulin therapy for management of diabetes mellitus

Nawaz MS, Shah KU, Khan TM, Rehman AU, Rashid HU, Mahmood S, et al.

Diabetes Metab Syndr, 2017 Dec;11 Suppl 2:S833-S839.
PMID: 28709853 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2017.07.003

OBJECTIVE: Diabetes mellitus is a major health problem in developing countries. There are various insulin therapies to manage diabetes mellitus. This systematic review evaluates various insulin therapies for management of diabetes mellitus worldwide. This review also focuses on recent developments being explored for better management of diabetes mellitus.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHOD: We reviewed a number of published articles from 2002 to 2016 to find out the appropriate management of diabetes mellitus. The paramount parameters of the selected studies include the insulin type & its dose, type of diabetes, duration and comparison of different insulin protocols. In addition, various newly developed approaches for insulin delivery with potential output have also been evaluated.
RESULTS: A great variability was observed in managing diabetes mellitus through insulin therapy and the important controlling factors found for this therapy include; dose titration, duration of insulin use, type of insulin used and combination therapy of different insulin.
CONCLUSION: A range of research articles on current trends and recent advances in insulin has been summarized, which led us to the conclusion that multiple daily insulin injections or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (insulin pump) is the best method to manage diabetes mellitus. In future perspectives, development of the oral and inhalant insulin would be a tremendous breakthrough in Insulin therapy.
Fulltext Clarithromycin and Pantoprazole Gastro-Retentive Floating Bilayer Tablet for the Treatment of Helicobacter Pylori: Formulation and Characterization

Ullah G, Nawaz A, Latif MS, Shah KU, Ahmad S, Javed F, et al.

Gels, 2023 Jan 04;9(1).
PMID: 36661809 DOI: 10.3390/gels9010043

Bilayer/multilayer tablets have been introduced to formulate incompatible components for compound preparations, but they are now more commonly used to tailor drug release. This research aimed to formulate a novel gastro-retentive tablet to deliver a combination of a fixed dose of two drugs to eliminate Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in the gastrointestinal tract. The bilayer tablets were prepared by means of the direct compression technique. The controlled-release bilayer tablets were prepared using various hydrophilic swellable polymers (sodium alginate, chitosan, and HPMC-K15M) alone and in combination to investigate the percent of swelling behavior and average drug release. The weight of the controlled-release floating layer was 500 mg, whereas the weight of the floating tablets of pantoprazole was 100 mg. To develop the most-effective formulation, the effects of the experimental components on the floating lag time, the total floating time, T 50%, and the amount of drug release were investigated. The drugs' and excipients' compatibilities were evaluated using ATR-FTIR and DSC. Pre-compression and post-compression testing were carried out for the prepared tablets, and they were subjected to in vitro characterization studies. The pantoprazole layer of the prepared tablet demonstrated drug release (95%) in 2 h, whereas clarithromycin demonstrated sustained drug release (83%) for up to 24 h (F7). The present study concluded that the combination of sodium alginate, chitosan, and HPMC polymers (1:1:1) resulted in a gastro-retentive and controlled-release drug delivery system of the drug combination. Thus, the formulation of the floating bilayer tablets successfully resulted in a biphasic drug release. Moreover, the formulation (F7) offered the combination of two drugs in a single-tablet formulation containing various polymers (sodium alginate, chitosan, and HPMC polymers) as the best treatment option for local infections such as gastric ulcers.
Fulltext Optimization of Chitosan-Decorated Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Improved Flurbiprofen Transdermal Delivery

Burki FA, Shah KU, Razaque G, Shah SU, Nawaz A, Saeed MD, et al.

ACS Omega, 2023 Jun 06;8(22):19302-19310.
PMID: 37305303 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c08135

Transdermal delivery is a potential alternative route to oral administration for drugs associated with stomach discomfort, such as flurbiprofen, a widely nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). This study aimed to design solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) transdermal formulations of flurbiprofen. Chitosan-coated SLNs were prepared by the solvent emulsification method, and their properties and permeation profiles across the excised rat skin were characterized. The particle size of uncoated SLNs was at 695 ± 4.65 nm, which increased to 714 ± 6.13, 847 ± 5.38, and 900 ± 8.65 nm upon coating with 0.05, 0.10, and 0.20% of chitosan, respectively. The drug association efficiency was improved when a higher concentration of chitosan was employed over SLN droplets that endowed a higher affinity of flurbiprofen with chitosan. The drug release was significantly retarded as compared to the uncoated entities and followed non-Fickian anomalous diffusion that was depicted by "n" values of >0.5 and <1. Also, the total permeation of chitosan-coated SLNs (F7-F9) was significantly higher than that of the noncoated formulation (F5). Overall, this study has successfully designed a suitable carrier system of chitosan-coated SLNs that provide insight into the current conventional therapeutic approaches and suggest new directions for the advancements in transdermal drug delivery systems for improved permeation of flurbiprofen.