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Fulltext Force degradation behavior of glucocorticoid deflazacort by UPLC: isolation, identification and characterization of degradant by FTIR, NMR and mass analysis

Deshmukh R, Sharma L, Tekade M, Kesharwani P, Trivedi P, Tekade RK

J Biomed Res, 2016 Mar;30(2):149-161.
PMID: 28276670 DOI: 10.7555/JBR.30.20150074

In this investigation, sensitive and reproducible methods are described for quantitative determination of deflazacort in the presence of its degradation product. The method was based on high performance liquid chromatography of the drug from its degradation product on reverse phase using Acquity UPLC BEH C18 columns (1.7 µm, 2.1 mm × 150 mm) using acetonitrile and water (40:60 V/V) at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/minute in UPLC. UV detection was performed at 240.1 nm. Deflazacort was subjected to oxidative, acid, base, hydrolytic, thermal and photolytic degradation. The drug was found to be stable in water and thermal stress, as well as under neutral stress conditions. However, forced-degradation study performed on deflazacort showed that the drug degraded under alkaline, acid and photolytic stress. The degradation products were well resolved from the main peak, which proved the stability-indicating power of the method. The developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines with respect to accuracy, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, accuracy, precision and robustness, selectivity and specificity. Apart from the aforementioned, the results of the present study also emphasize the importance of isolation characterization and identification of degradant. Hence, an attempt was made to identify the degradants in deflazacort. One of the degradation products of deflazacort was isolated and identified by the FTIR, NMR and LC-MS study.
Fulltext Gastric ulcer healing by chebulinic acid solid dispersion-loaded gastroretentive raft systems: preclinical evidence

Negi P, Gautam S, Sharma A, Rathore C, Sharma L, Upadhyay N, et al.

Ther Deliv, 2022 Feb;13(2):81-93.
PMID: 35075915 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2021-0062

Background: Chebulinic acid (CA), a component in Terminalia chebula, exhibits antiulcer activity, but has poor aqueous solubility. Raft-forming systems incorporating solid dispersions (SDs) of CA, were developed to overcome its poor biopharmaceutical properties and to prolong the gastric residence time for maximum activity. Methods: SDs were formulated by a solvent evaporation method using Eudragit EPO. Raft formulations consisted of sodium alginate as a polymer. Results: Release of CA in the dissolution medium was 40%, whereas SDs showed 95.45% release. The CA raft system (20 mg/kg) showed curative efficacy in an alcohol-induced gastric ulcer model and increased protection when compared with omeprazole (10 mg/kg) and CA suspension (20 mg/kg). Conclusion: These studies demonstrated SD raft systems to be a promising approach for antiulcer therapy by CA.
Fulltext Improvements in the Engineering Properties of Cementitious Composites Using Nano-Sized Cement and Nano-Sized Additives

Rahman I, Singh P, Dev N, Arif M, Yusufi FNK, Azam A, et al.

Materials (Basel), 2022 Nov 15;15(22).
PMID: 36431551 DOI: 10.3390/ma15228066

The findings of an extensive experimental research study on the usage of nano-sized cement powder and other additives combined to form cement-fine-aggregate matrices are discussed in this work. In the laboratory, dry and wet methods were used to create nano-sized cements. The influence of these nano-sized cements, nano-silica fumes, and nano-fly ash in different proportions was studied to the evaluate the engineering properties of the cement-fine-aggregate matrices concerning normal-sized, commercially available cement. The composites produced with modified cement-fine-aggregate matrices were subjected to microscopic-scale analyses using a petrographic microscope, a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). These studies unravelled the placement and behaviour of additives in controlling the engineering properties of the mix. The test results indicated that nano-cement and nano-sized particles improved the engineering properties of the hardened cement matrix. The wet-ground nano-cement showed the best result, 40 MPa 28th-day compressive strength, without mixing any additive compared with ordinary and dry-ground cements. The mix containing 50:50 normal and wet-ground cement exhibited 37.20 MPa 28th-day compressive strength. All other mixes with nano-sized dry cement, silica fume, and fly ash with different permutations and combinations gave better results than the normal-cement-fine-aggregate mix. The petrographic studies and the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) analyses further validated the above findings. Statistical analyses and techniques such as correlation and stepwise multiple regression analysis were conducted to compose a predictive equation to calculate the 28th-day compressive strength. In addition to these methods, a repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was also implemented to analyse the statistically significant differences among three differently timed strength readings.
Targeting the vivid facets of apolipoproteins as a cardiovascular risk factor in rheumatoid arthritis

Sharma A, Sharma C, Sharma L, Wal P, Mishra P, Sachdeva N, et al.

Can J Physiol Pharmacol, 2024 May 01;102(5):305-317.
PMID: 38334084 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2023-0259

Mostly, cardiovascular diseases are blamed for casualties in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Customarily, dyslipidemia is probably the most prevalent underlying cause of untimely demise in people suffering from RA as it hastens the expansion of atherosclerosis. The engagement of inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), etc., is crucial in the progression and proliferation of both RA and abnormal lipid parameters. Thus, lipid abnormalities should be monitored frequently in patients with both primary and advanced RA stages. An advanced lipid profile examination, i.e., direct role of apolipoproteins associated with various lipid molecules is a more dependable approach for better understanding of the disease and selecting suitable therapeutic targets. Therefore, studying their apolipoproteins is more relevant than assessing RA patients' altered lipid profile levels. Among the various apolipoprotein classes, Apo A1 and Apo B are primarily being focused. In addition, it also addresses how calculating Apo B:Apo A1 ratio can aid in analyzing the disease's risk. The marketed therapies available to control lipid abnormalities are associated with many other risk factors. Hence, directly targeting Apo A1 and Apo B would provide a better and safer option.
Fulltext Evaluation of short-acting Beta-2-agonist prescriptions and associated clinical outcomes: Findings from the SABA use IN Asthma (SABINA) study in Asia

Wang HC, Djajalaksana S, Sharma L, Theerakittikul T, Lim HF, Yoo KH, et al.

World Allergy Organ J, 2023 Oct;16(10):100823.
PMID: 37869560 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2023.100823

BACKGROUND: The extent of short-acting Beta-2-agonist (β2-agonist) (SABA) use across Asian countries is not well documented. As part of the SABA use IN Asthma (SABINA) III study, we assessed SABA prescriptions and clinical outcomes in patients with asthma from Asia.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study recruited patients (aged ≥12 years) with asthma from 8 Asian countries. Data on disease characteristics and asthma treatments were collected using electronic case report forms. Patients were classified by practice type (primary or specialist care) and investigator-defined asthma severity (per Global Initiative for Asthma [GINA] 2017 recommendations). The association of SABA prescriptions with clinical outcomes was analyzed using multivariable regression models.
RESULTS: Overall, 3066 patients were analyzed, with a mean (standard deviation) age of 51.8 (16.7) years; of these patients, 2116 (69%) were female, 2517 (82.1%) had moderate-to-severe asthma and 2498 (81.5%) and 559 (18.2%) were treated in specialist and primary care, respectively. In total, 1423 (46.4%) patients had partly controlled/uncontrolled asthma, with 1149 (37.5%) patients experiencing ≥1 severe asthma exacerbation in the previous year. Overall, 800 (26.7%) patients were prescribed ≥3 SABA canisters in the previous year, which is regarded as overprescription and was associated with a significantly decreased odds of at least partly controlled asthma and increased incidence rates of severe exacerbations (P