RESULT: Increasing concentrations of experimental solution exposure significantly affect mean diameter of HAp. The increasing FTIR intensity, were displayed; 0.2% TCPCa3(PO4)2 Str/FL > 0.1% TCPCa3(PO4)2 Str/FL> control. 0.2% TCPCa3(PO4)2 Str/FL revealed existence of distinct crystals, with planes orientated perpendicular to longer axis of tooth. XRD pattern indicated crystal growth with a rise in peak intensities in 0.2% TCPCa3(PO4)2 Str/FL group. The NMR spectra for Glu and Ser-OPO3 elucidated interactions between carbon atoms in amino acid and hydrogen atoms on HAp surfaces. Surface microhardness of 0.2% TCPCa3(PO4)2 Str/FL specimens showed significantly higher values on day 28 (p< 0.05). ALP density value of cells was significantly higher for 0.2% TCPCa3(PO4)2 Str/FL group on day 7 and 14. 0.1% TCPCa3(PO4)2 Str/FL and 0.2% TCPCa3(PO4)2 Str/FL enhanced migration of PGF cells in comparison to the control group (p<0.05). 0.1% TCPCa3(PO4)2 Str/FL and 0.2% TCPCa3(PO4)2 Str/FL groups showed significant differences in bond strength at different time points CONCLUSION: 0.1% TCPCa3(PO4)2 Str/FL and 0.2% TCPCa3(PO4)2 Str/FL were structurally integrated into the lattice demonstrating changes within the crystallite size and became conducive for adhesive bonding.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE: To analyze function of new K21 molecule in the invasive process of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell line.

MATERIALS & METHODS: The Fusobacterium (ATCC 23726) streaks were made, and pellets were resuspended in Cal27 (ATCC CRL-2095) OSCC cell line spheroid cell microplate. Cells were seeded and Lysotracker staining performed for CathepsinK red channel. Cell and morphology were evaluated using Transmission Electron microscopy. Thiobarbituric acid assay was performed. OSCC was analyzed for Mic60. Raman spectra were collected from the cancer cell line. L929 dermal fibroblast cells were used for Scratch Assay. ELISA muti arrays were used for cytokines and matrix molecules. Internalization ability of fibroblast cells were also analyzed. Structure of K21 as a surfactant molecule with best docked poses were presented.

RESULTS: Decrease in lysosomal staining was observed after 15 and 30 min of 0.1% treatment. Tumor clusters were associated with cell membrane destruction in K21 primed cells. There was functional silencing of Mic60 via K21, especially with 1% concentration with reduced cell migration and invasiveness. Raman intensity differences were seen at 700 cm-1, 1200 cm-1 and 1600 cm-1 regions. EVs were detected within presence of fibroblast cells amongst K21 groups. Wound area and wound closure showed the progress of wound healing.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to coat surgical sutures with a new quaternary ammonium silane (QAS) antimicrobial compound at two different application temperatures and then to evaluate the resulting structural, physical, mechanical, and biological properties.

STUDY DESIGN, SETTING, SAMPLE: In vitro and in vivo studies were conducted using male albino Wistar rats approved by the Joint Ethical Committee of IMU and Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore. Only suture samples, coated uniformly with verified presence of the compound and of adequate length were used. Samples which were not coated uniformly and with inadequate length or damaged were excluded.

PREDICTOR VARIABLE: Predictor variables were sutures with and without QAS coatings and different temperatures. Sutures were coated with QAS at 0.5 and 1.0% wt/vol using the dip coating technique and sutures with and without QAS coating were tested at 25 and 40 °C temperatures.

MAIN OUTCOME VARIABLE(S): Outcome variables of structural and physico-mechanical properties of QAS-coated and non-coated sutures were measured using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (for structural changes), confocal laser and scanning electron (for diameter changes), and tensile strength/modulus (for mechanical testing). Biologic outcome variables were tested (bacterial viability); macrophage cultures from Wistar rats were tested (M1/M2 polarization detecting IL-6 and IL-10). Macrophage cells were analyzed with CD80+ (M1) and CD163+ (M2). Chemotaxis index was calculated as a ratio of quantitative fluorescence of cells.

COVARIATES: Not applicable.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The investigation was a cross-sectional study, using a validated questionnaire. The questionnaire sought information on both preclinical and clinical instruction, number and duration of modules, logistics of teaching, clinical requirements and teaching challenges. The data was collected and entered in an MS Excel spreadsheet. The results were collated and analysed.

RESULTS: A survey of all 10 Canadian dental schools revealed a 100% response rate, with all schools confirming they perform composite restoration repairs to extend clinical service. Currently, 70% of schools teach repair techniques in undergraduate clinical training, and 20% plan to introduce such techniques within five years. Furthermore, 100% of schools noted patient willingness to accept repairs. While 70% view repair as a definitive treatment, others see it as temporary (10%) or transitional (20%). Primary reasons for teaching repairs include tooth preservation, pulp protection, marginal defects, and secondary caries. For procedures, 70% teach rubber dam isolation, and 70% use diamond-finishing instruments. Most schools (60%) do not teach bevelling or review repaired restorations, while 60% utilise phosphoric acid etching, adhesive bonding, and nano-filled composites.

CONCLUSION: Undergraduate dental students at most Canadian dental schools are taught repair as an alternative to replacement in the management of defective composite resin restorations. Arrangements to harmonise the teaching of composite repair across Canada and beyond would greatly benefit patients and students nationally and internationally.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: An injectable silane-based antimicrobial aimed to modulate macrophage polarisation was manufactured. Experimental analysis included colorimetric cell migration assays on gingival fibroblasts, macrophage phagocytosis characterisation, immunofluorescence staining, triacylglycerol accumulation within macrophages by LCMS, cellular metabolic/proliferation assays, macrophage exposure quantification with morphology assessment using FE-SEM, Raman spectral analysis, RNA isolation for relative gene expression and animal study model to morphometrically and microscopically analyse partial thickness burn wound healing under QAS/K21.

RESULTS: M1 and M2 polarisation both appeared exaggerated under QAS/K21 treatment. The wounds treated with K21 had depicted accelerated healing as compared to control (P < .05) in dorsal skin of rabbits. Relative gene expression results demonstrate reduced cytokine and anti-inflammatory response under the influence of K21. While M1 expression, TG accumulation, and associated characterisations demonstrate the programmed inflammatory potential of K21.