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  1. The relationship of health beliefs and complication prevention behaviors of Chinese individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus
    Tan MY
    Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2004 Oct;66(1):71-7.
    PMID: 15364164 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2004.02.021
    This study aimed to identify the relationship of health beliefs and complication prevention behaviors among Chinese individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Malaysia. A correlation study using the Health Belief Model (HBM) framework was undertaken with 128 Chinese subjects with Type 2 Diabetes of both gender, mean age 60.5 +/- 8.42 years from one urban hospital and four rural health centers. Research tool was a 60-item questionnaire with responses recorded on 5-point Likert scale. Data was analyzed with descriptive statistics, Spearmen correlation and Mann-Whitney U-test. The majority of the subjects had less than 6 years of education. Seventy-two percent of them were aware of diabetes complications and its risk factors. However, few subjects practiced complication preventive measures because of lack of perceived seriousness of diabetes and lack of perceived susceptibility to diabetes complications. There were significant correlations between complication prevention behaviors and perceived severity (P < 0.05), perceived susceptibility (P < 0.05 ) and perceived barrier (P < 0.05 ); subjects' education level and perceived severity (P < 0.05), perceived susceptibility (P < 0.05) and complication prevention behavior (P < 0.05). There was no significant correlation between health beliefs and settings; genders; disease duration and treatment mode. In conclusion, poor complication preventive behavior among the subjects was associated with lack of perceived seriousness of diabetes and lack of perceived susceptibility to diabetes complications.
  2. Self-care practices of Malaysian adults with diabetes and sub-optimal glycaemic control
    Tan MY, Magarey J
    Patient Educ Couns, 2008 Aug;72(2):252-67.
    PMID: 18467068 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2008.03.017
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the self-care practices of Malaysian adults with diabetes and sub-optimal glycaemic control.
    METHODS: Using a one-to-one interviewing approach, data were collected from 126 diabetic adults from four settings. A 75-item questionnaire was used to assess diabetes-related knowledge and self-care practices regarding, diet, medication, physical activity and self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG).
    RESULTS: Most subjects had received advice on the importance of self-care in the management of their diabetes and recognised its importance. Sixty-seven subjects (53%) scored below 50% in their diabetes-related knowledge. Subjects who consumed more meals per day (80%), or who did not include their regular sweetened food intakes in their daily meal plan (80%), or who were inactive in daily life (54%), had higher mean fasting blood glucose levels (p=0.04). Subjects with medication non-adherence (46%) also tended to have higher fasting blood glucose levels. Only 15% of the subjects practiced SMBG. Predictors of knowledge deficit and poor self-care were low level of education (p = <0.01), older subjects (p=0.04) and Type 2 diabetes subjects on oral anti-hyperglycaemic medication (p = <0.01).
    CONCLUSION: There were diabetes-related knowledge deficits and inadequate self-care practices among the majority of diabetic patients with sub-optimal glycaemic control.
    PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: This study should contribute to the development of effective education strategies to promote health for adults with sub-optimal diabetes control.
  3. Fulltext Chevron osteotomy for hallux valgus--SGH experience
    Tan MY, Seow KH, Tay BK
    Med J Malaysia, 1998 Mar;53(1):63-9.
    PMID: 10968140
    Thirty-one chevron osteotomies for hallux valgus performed over a period of four years were reviewed. Their follow-up period ranged from one to five years. All the patients had pain over the bunion prior to operation. After operation, there was marked decrease of pain over the first matatarsophalangeal joint. The preoperative hallux valgus angle average 27 degrees and the postoperative angle averaged 12 degrees. The preoperative intermetatarsal angle averaged 13 degrees and the postoperative angle, 8 degrees. Ninety-one per cent of the patients were satisfied with the result of the procedure.
  4. Well-differentiated Papillary Mesothelioma of the Tunica Vaginalis
    Tan WK, Tan MY, Tan HM, Pathmanathan R, Tan WP
    Urology, 2016 Apr;90:e7-8.
    PMID: 26773348 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2015.12.046
    A 39-year-old man presented with painless scrotal swelling for 2 months. He denied any asbestos exposure but worked with wall and ceiling plaster. Physical exam revealed a large right scrotum which transilluminated. Scrotal ultrasonography revealed a large right hydrocele and a polypoidal mass along the anterior wall of the scrotum. Magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen and computed tomography of the chest showed no metastases. He underwent a right inguinal scrotal exploration and wide excision of tunica vaginalis and a partial epididymectomy. Pathology revealed well-differentiated papillary mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis. The patient had an uneventful recovery.
  5. What role could community pharmacists in Malaysia play in diabetes self-management education and support? The views of individuals with type 2 diabetes
    Lee EL, Wong PS, Tan MY, Sheridan J
    Int J Pharm Pract, 2018 Apr;26(2):138-147.
    PMID: 28574154 DOI: 10.1111/ijpp.12374
    OBJECTIVES: This study explored the experiences and views of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) on their diabetes self-management and potential roles for community pharmacists in diabetes self-management education and support (DSME/S) in Malaysia.
    METHODS: A qualitative study, using semi-structured, face-to-face interviews, was conducted with patients with T2D attending a primary care health clinic in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed inductively.
    KEY FINDINGS: Fourteen participants with T2D were interviewed. Data were coded into five main themes: experience and perception of diabetes self-management, constraints of the current healthcare system, perception of the community pharmacist and community pharmacies, perceived roles for community pharmacists in diabetes care, and challenges in utilising community pharmacies to provide DSME/S. There were misconceptions about diabetes management that may be attributed to a lack of knowledge. Although participants described potential roles for community pharmacists in education, medication review and continuity of care, these roles were mostly non-clinically oriented. Participants were not confident about community pharmacists making recommendations and changes to the prescribed treatment regimens. While participants recognised the advantages of convenience of a community pharmacy-based diabetes care service, they raised concerns over the retail nature and the community pharmacy environment for providing such services.
    CONCLUSION: This study highlighted the need to improve the care provision for people with T2D. Participants with T2D identified potential, but limited roles for community pharmacists in diabetes care. Participants expressed concerns that need to be addressed if effective diabetes care is to be provided from community pharmacies in Malaysia.
    Study site: primary care health clinic (klinik kesihatan), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  6. Fulltext Evaluation of Physico-Mechanical Properties on Oil Extracted Ground Coffee Waste Reinforced Polyethylene Composite
    Kuan HTN, Tan MY, Hassan MZ, Zuhri MYM
    Polymers (Basel), 2022 Nov 02;14(21).
    PMID: 36365671 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214678
    The current work discusses ground coffee waste (GCW) reinforced high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composite. GCW underwent two types of treatment (oil extraction, and oil extraction followed by mercerization). The composites were prepared using stacking HDPE film and GCW, followed by hot compression molding with different GCW particle loadings (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%). Particle loadings of 5% and 10% of the treated GCW composites exhibited the optimum level for this particular type of composite, whereby their mechanical and thermal properties were improved compared to untreated GCW composite (UGC). SEM fracture analysis showed better adhesion between HDPE and treated GCW. The FTIR conducted proved the removal of unwanted impurities and reduction in water absorption after the treatment. Specific tensile modulus improved for OGC at 5 vol% particle loading. The highest impact energy absorbed was obtained by OGC with a 16% increment. This lightweight and environmentally friendly composite has potential in high-end packaging, internal automotive parts, lightweight furniture, and other composite engineering applications.
  7. Fulltext A brief structured education programme enhances self-care practices and improves glycaemic control in Malaysians with poorly controlled diabetes
    Tan MY, Magarey JM, Chee SS, Lee LF, Tan MH
    Health Educ Res, 2011 Oct;26(5):896-907.
    PMID: 21715653 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyr047
    We assessed the effectiveness of a brief structured diabetes education programme based on the concept of self-efficacy on self-care and glycaemic control using single-blind study design. One hundred and sixty-four participants with poorly controlled diabetes from two settings were randomized using computer-generated list into control (n = 82) and intervention (n = 82) groups, of which 151 completed the study. Monthly interventions over 12 weeks addressed the self-care practices of diet, physical activity, medication adherence and self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). These self-care practices were assessed at Weeks 0 and 12 using pre- and post-questionnaires in both groups together with glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and diabetes knowledge. In the intention-to-treat analysis (n = 164), the intervention group improved their SMBG (P = <0.001), physical activity (P = 0.001), HbA1c (P = 0.03), diabetes knowledge (P = <0.001) and medication adherence. At Week 12, HbA1c difference adjusted for SMBG frequency, medication adherence and weight change remained significant (P = 0.03) compared with control group. For within group comparisons, diabetes knowledge (P = <0.001), HbA1c level (P = <0.001), SMBG (P = <0.001) and medication adherence (P = 0.008) improved from baseline in the intervention group. In the control group, only diabetes knowledge improved (P = <0.001). These findings can contribute to the development of self-management diabetes education in Malaysia.
  8. Fulltext Crystal structure of 1-{(Z)-[(2E)-3-(4-chloro-phen-yl)-1-phenyl-prop-2-en-1-yl-idene]amino}-3-ethyl-thio-urea
    Tan MY, Crouse KA, Ravoof TB, Tiekink ER
    Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun, 2015 Dec 1;71(Pt 12):o1047-8.
    PMID: 26870491 DOI: 10.1107/S2056989015023531
    In the title thio-semicarbazone compound, C18H18ClN3S, the CN3S residue is almost planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0031 Å) and forms dihedral angles of 65.99 (7) and 34.60 (10)° with the phenyl and chloro-benzene rings, respectively; the dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 85.13 (8)°. The conformation about the C=N bond is Z, and that about the C=C bonds is E. The imine N and ethyl N atoms are syn and are linked by an eth-yl-imine N-H⋯N hydrogen bond. This H atom also forms an inter-molecular hydrogen bond to the thione S atom, resulting in a supra-molecular helical chain propagating along the b axis. The chains are consolidated into a three-dimensional architecture by phenyl-C-H⋯Cl contacts and weak π-π inter-actions between centrosymmetrically related chloro-benzene rings [inter-centroid distance = 3.9127 (15) Å].
  9. Fulltext 1-{(E)-[4-(4-Hy-droxy-phen-yl)butan-2-yl-idene]amino}-3-phenyl-thio-urea: crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis and computational study
    Tan MY, Kwong HC, Crouse KA, Ravoof TBSA, Tiekink ERT
    Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun, 2021 Aug 01;77(Pt 8):788-794.
    PMID: 34422302 DOI: 10.1107/S2056989021006666
    The title thio-urea derivative, C17H19N3OS, adopts a U-shaped conformation with the dihedral angle between the terminal aromatic rings being 73.64 (5)°. The major twist in the mol-ecule occurs about the ethane bond with the Ci-Ce-Ce-Cb torsion angle being -78.12 (18)°; i = imine, e = ethane and b = benzene. The configuration about the imine bond is E, the N-bound H atoms lie on opposite sides of the mol-ecule and an intra-molecular amine-N-H⋯N(imine) hydrogen bond is evident. In the mol-ecular packing, hydroxyl-O-H⋯S(thione) and amine-N-H⋯O hydrogen bonding feature within a linear, supra-molecular chain. The chains are connected into a layer in the ab plane by a combination of methyl-ene-C-H⋯S(thione), methyl-ene-C-H⋯O(hydrox-yl), methyl-C-H⋯π(phen-yl) and phenyl-C-H⋯π(hy-droxy-benzene) inter-actions. The layers stack without directional inter-actions between them. The analysis of the calculated Hirshfeld surface highlights the presence of weak methyl-C-H⋯O(hydrox-yl) and H⋯H inter-actions in the inter-layer region. Computational chemistry indicates that dispersion energy is the major contributor to the overall stabilization of the mol-ecular packing.
  10. Fulltext Bis{N'-[3-(4-nitro-phen-yl)-1-phenyl-prop-2-en-1-yl-idene]-N-phenyl-carbamimido-thio-ato}zinc(II): crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis and computational study
    Tan MY, Kwong HC, Crouse KA, Ravoof TBSA, Tiekink ERT
    Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun, 2021 Aug 01;77(Pt 8):839-846.
    PMID: 34422312 DOI: 10.1107/S2056989021007398
    The title zinc bis-(thio-semicarbazone) complex, [Zn(C22H17N4O2S)2], comprises two N,S-donor anions, leading to a distorted tetra-hedral N2S2 donor set. The resultant five-membered chelate rings are nearly planar and form a dihedral angle of 73.28 (3)°. The configurations about the endocyclic- and exocyclic-imine bonds are Z and E, respectively, and that about the ethyl-ene bond is E. The major differences in the conformations of the ligands are seen in the dihedral angles between the chelate ring and nitro-benzene rings [40.48 (6) cf. 13.18 (4)°] and the N-bound phenyl and nitro-benzene ring [43.23 (8) and 22.64 (4)°]. In the crystal, a linear supra-molecular chain along the b-axis direction features amine-N-H⋯O(nitro) hydrogen bonding. The chains assemble along the 21-screw axis through a combination of phenyl-C-H⋯O(nitro) and π(chelate ring)-π(phen-yl) contacts. The double chains are linked into a three-dimensional architecture through phenyl-C-H⋯O(nitro) and nitro-O⋯π(phen-yl) inter-actions.
  11. Well-Differentiated Papillary Mesothelioma of the Tunica Vaginalis: Case Report and Systematic Review of Literature
    Tan WK, Tan MY, Tan WS, Gan SC, Pathmanathan R, Tan HM, et al.
    Clin Genitourin Cancer, 2016 Aug;14(4):e435-9.
    PMID: 27067374 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2016.03.007
  12. Fulltext 1-{(E)-[(2E)-3-(4-Meth-oxy-phen-yl)-1-phenyl-prop-2-en-1-yl-idene]amino}-3-phenyl-urea: crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis
    Tan MY, Crouse KA, Ravoof TBSA, Jotani MM, Tiekink ERT
    Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun, 2017 Nov 01;73(Pt 11):1607-1611.
    PMID: 29152334 DOI: 10.1107/S2056989017014128
    The title compound, C23H21N3O2, is constructed about an almost planar disubstituted amino-urea residue (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0201 Å), which features an intra-molecular amine-N-H⋯N(imine) hydrogen bond. In the 'all-trans' chain connecting this to the terminal meth-oxy-benzene residue, the conformation about each of the imine and ethyl-ene double bonds is E. In the crystal, amide-N-H⋯O(carbon-yl) hydrogen bonds connect centrosymmetrically related mol-ecules into dimeric aggregates, which also incorporate ethyl-ene-C-H⋯O(amide) inter-actions. The dimers are linked by amine-phenyl-C-H⋯π(imine-phen-yl) and meth-oxy-benzene-C-H⋯π(amine-phen-yl) inter-actions to generate a three-dimensional network. The importance of C-H⋯π inter-actions in the mol-ecular packing is reflected in the relatively high contributions made by C⋯H/H⋯C contacts to the Hirshfeld surface, i.e. 31.6%.
  13. Fulltext 3-{(E)-[4-(4-Hy-droxy-3-meth-oxy-phen-yl)butan-2-yl-idene]amino}-1-phenyl-urea: crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis
    Tan MY, Crouse KA, Ravoof TBSA, Jotani MM, Tiekink ERT
    Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun, 2018 Jan 01;74(Pt 1):21-27.
    PMID: 29416884 DOI: 10.1107/S2056989017017273
    Two independent mol-ecules (A and B) comprise the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C18H21N3O3. The urea moiety is disubstituted with one amine being linked to a phenyl ring, which is twisted out of the plane of the CN2O urea core [dihedral angles = 25.57 (11) (A) and 29.13 (10)° (B)]. The second amine is connected to an imine (E conformation), which is linked in turn to an ethane bridge that links a disubstituted benzene ring. Intra-molecular amine-N-H⋯N(imine) and hydroxyl-O-H⋯O(meth-oxy) hydrogen bonds close S(5) loops in each case. The mol-ecules have twisted conformations with the dihedral angles between the outer rings being 38.64 (81) (A) and 48.55 (7)° (B). In the crystal, amide-N-H⋯O(amide) hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules A and B via an eight-membered {⋯HNCO}2 synthon. Further associations between mol-ecules, leading to supra-molecular layers in the ac plane, are hydrogen bonds of the type hydroxyl-O-H⋯N(imine) and phenyl-amine-N-H⋯O(meth-oxy). Connections between layers, leading to a three-dimensional architecture, comprise benzene-C-H⋯O(hy-droxy) inter-actions. A detailed analysis of the calculated Hirshfeld surfaces shows mol-ecules A and B participate in very similar inter-molecular inter-actions and that any variations relate to conformational differences between the mol-ecules.
  14. Fulltext Bis(4-meth-oxy-chalcone 4-ethyl-thio-semi-carbazon-ato-κ2N1,S)zinc(II): crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis
    Tan MY, Crouse KA, Ravoof TBSA, Jotani MM, Tiekink ERT
    Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun, 2018 Feb 01;74(Pt 2):151-157.
    PMID: 29850043 DOI: 10.1107/S2056989018000282
    The title ZnII complex, [Zn(C19H20N3OS)2] {systematic name: bis-[(N-ethyl-N'-{(Z)-[(2E)-3-(4-meth-oxy-phen-yl)-1-phenyl-prop-2-en-1-yl-idene]amino}-carb-am-im-id-o-yl)sulfanido]zinc(II)}, features a tetra-hedrally coordinated ZnII ion within an N2S2 donor set provided by two N,S-chelating thio-semicarbazone anions. The resulting five-membered Zn,C,N2,S chelate rings adopt different conformations, i.e. almost planar and an envelope with the Zn atom being the flap atom. The configuration about the imine bond within the chelate ring is Z but those about the exocyclic imine and ethyl-ene bonds are E. In the crystal, supra-molecular [100] chains mediated by thio-amide-N-H⋯S(thione) hydrogen bonds and eight-membered thio-amide {⋯HNCS}2 synthons are observed. A range of inter-actions, including C-H⋯O, C-H⋯π, C-H⋯π(chelate ring) and π(meth-oxy-benzene)-π(chelate ring) consolidate the packing. The Hirshfeld surface analysis performed on the title complex also indicates the influence of the inter-actions involving the chelate rings upon the packing along with the more conventional contacts.
  15. Fulltext Bis(N'-{(E)-[(2E)-1,3-di-phenyl-prop-2-en-1-yl-idene]amino}-N-ethyl-carbamimido-thio-ato-κ2N',S)zinc(II): crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis
    Tan MY, Crouse KA, Ravoof TBSA, Jotani MM, Tiekink ERT
    Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun, 2017 Jul 01;73(Pt 7):1001-1008.
    PMID: 28775870 DOI: 10.1107/S2056989017008064
    The title ZnII complex, [Zn(C18H18N3S)2], (I), features two independent but chemically equivalent mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit. In each, the thio-semicarbazonate monoanion coordinates the ZnII atom via the thiol-ate-S and imine-N atoms, with the resulting N2S2 donor set defining a distorted tetra-hedral geometry. The five-membered ZnSCN2 chelate rings adopt distinct conformations in each independent mol-ecule, i.e. one ring is almost planar while the other is twisted about the Zn-S bond. In the crystal, the two mol-ecules comprising the asymmetric unit are linked by amine-N-H⋯N(imine) and amine-N-H⋯S(thiol-ate) hydrogen bonds via an eight-membered heterosynthon, {⋯HNCN⋯HNCS}. The dimeric aggregates are further consolidated by benzene-C-H⋯S(thiol-ate) inter-actions and are linked into a zigzag supra-molecular chain along the c axis via amine-N-H⋯S(thiol-ate) hydrogen bonds. The chains are connected into a three-dimensional architecture via phenyl-C-H⋯π(phen-yl) and π-π inter-actions, the latter occurring between chelate and phenyl rings [inter-centroid separation = 3.6873 (11) Å]. The analysis of the Hirshfeld surfaces calculated for (I) emphasizes the different inter-actions formed by the independent mol-ecules in the crystal and the impact of the π-π inter-actions between chelate and phenyl rings.
  16. Fulltext Investigation of electrochromic performances of multicolor V2O5 devices fabricated at low processing temperature
    Tan MY, Thien GSH, Tan KB, Murthy HCA, Chan KY
    Sci Rep, 2025 Jan 07;15(1):1184.
    PMID: 39775184 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-85014-7
    In recent decades, poorly insulated windows have increased the energy consumption of heating and cooling systems, thus contributing to excessive carbon dioxide emissions and other related pollution issues. From this perspective, the electrochromic (EC) windows could be a tangible solution as the indoor conditions are highly controllable by these smart devices even at a low applied voltage. Literally, vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) is a renowned candidate for the EC application due to its multicolor appearance and substantial lithium insertion capacity. Despite the growing interest in V2O5 thin films, only limited literature study is available for V2O5 films specifically the annealing effects of these films at lower temperatures (
  17. Factors associated with level of shared decision making in Malaysian primary care consultations
    Lee YK, Chor YY, Tan MY, Ngio YC, Chew AW, Tiew HW, et al.
    Patient Educ Couns, 2020 05;103(5):1049-1051.
    PMID: 31866195 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2019.12.005
    OBJECTIVE: To measure the level of shared decision-making (SDM) in primary care consultations in Malaysia, a multicultural, middle-income developing country.

    METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in an urban, public primary care clinic. Convenience sampling was used to recruit participants, and audio-recorded consultations were scored for SDM levels by two independent raters using the OPTION tool. Univariate and multivariate analysis was conducted to determine factors significantly associated with SDM levels.

    RESULTS: 199 patients and 31 doctors participated. Mean consultation time was 14.3 min (+ SD 5.75). Patients' age ranged from 18 to 87 years (median age of 57.5 years). 52.8 % of patients were female, with three main ethnicities (Malay, Chinese, Indian). The mean OPTION score was found to be 7.8 (+ SD 3.31) out of 48. After a multivariate analysis, only patient ethnicity (β= -0.142, p 

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