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Apocynum venetum leaf extract, an antihypertensive herb, inhibits rat aortic contraction induced by angiotensin II: a nitric oxide and superoxide connection

Lau YS, Kwan CY, Ku TC, Hsieh WT, Wang HD, Nishibe S, et al.

J Ethnopharmacol, 2012 Sep 28;143(2):565-71.
PMID: 22835814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.07.012

The leaves extract of Apocynum venetum (AVLE), also known as "luobuma", have long been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat hypertension and depression in parts of China and it has been shown to possess anti-oxidant and anti-lipid peroxidation effects. AVLE (10 μg/ml) has been reported to have a long-lasting endothelium-dependent relaxant effect and this effect has been proposed to be due to its nitric oxide(NO)-releasing and superoxide anion(SOA)-scavenging properties.
Potential mechanism of perillaldehyde in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease based on network pharmacology and molecular docking

Niu QQ, Xi YT, Zhang CR, Li XY, Li CZ, Wang HD, et al.

Eur J Pharmacol, 2024 Dec 15;985:177092.
PMID: 39510336 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.177092

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic metabolic liver diseases worldwide. Perillaldehyde (4-propyl-1-en-2-ylcyclohexene-1-aldehyde, PA) is a terpenoid compound extracted from Perilla, which has effective pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, and anticancer. This study aimed to explore the pharmacological effects of PA in intervening with NAFLD and reveal its potential mechanisms. Firstly, we identified the core targets of PA intervention therapy for NAFLD through network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques. After that, in vitro animal experiments such as H&E and Masson staining, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot were conducted to validate the results network effectively pharmacology predicted. Network pharmacology analysis suggested that PPAR-α may be the core target of PA intervention in NAFLD. H&E and Masson staining showed that after low-dose (50 mg/kg) PA administration, there was a noticeable improvement in fat deposition in the livers of NAFLD mice, and liver tissue fibrosis was alleviated. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence analysis showed that low dose (50 mg/kg) PA could reduce hepatocyte apoptosis, decrease the content of pro-apoptosis protein Bax, and increase the expression of anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2 in NAFLD mice. Western blot results confirmed that low-dose (50 mg/kg) PA could increase the expression of PPAR-α and inhibit the expression of NF-κB in NAFLD mice. Our study indicated that PA could enhance the activity of PPAR-α and reduce the level of NF-κB in NAFLD mice, which may positively affect the prevention of NAFLD.
Fulltext Regenerative Potential Nanomedicine of Adipocyte Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Senescent Skin Tissue

Li AN, Sun JH, Saidin S, Cheah JS, Kuo CH, Li L, et al.

Int J Nanomedicine, 2024;19:13149-13163.
PMID: 39660280 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S470225

INTRODUCTION: Skin is the first-line barrier defense against infection, irradiation, and toxins, but is prone to natural aging (intrinsic aging) and environmental factors (extrinsic aging). Hence, there is an increasing urgency to explore an effective treatment for aging skin. This study was focused on testing the potential of utilizing adipocyte stem cell derived exosomal as nanomedicine to regenerate the dermal layer and counteract signs of skin aging.
METHODS: The harvested stem cells from adipose tissues were isolated, cultured, and then starved. The centrifugation of cell cultures medium yielded the human adipose-derived stem cells conditional medium (HADSCs-CM). Collagen secretion and fibroblast viability of human fibroblasts (Hs68) were measured in the presence of HADSCs-CM. The dermal layer, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and collagen levels were evaluated on the mice animal models between the treatments with and without HADSCs-CM.
RESULTS: Western blotting, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) confirmed that the functional particles in HADSCs-CM were exosomes. When Hs68 fibroblasts were treated with HADSCs-CM, both cell viability and collagen secretion increased in a dose-dependent manner. Following the post-ultraviolet A (post-UVA) exposure, the mice exposed to the HADSCs-CM have decreased dermal thickness and VEGF expression and increased collagen volume compared to the non-HADSCs-CM exposed mice (control group).
CONCLUSION: HADSCs-CM significantly alleviated signs of skin senescence, including reduced dermal thickness, decreased VEGF expression, and enhanced collagen production. Exosomes, identified in the HADSCs-CM, are the functional component of these regenerative effects. This study highlights that the exosomal nanomedicine found in HADSCs-CM could regenerate skin, boost collagen production, improve fibroblast cell viability, and contain functional exosomes.
Fulltext Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition)

Klionsky DJ, Abdelmohsen K, Abe A, Abedin MJ, Abeliovich H, Acevedo Arozena A, et al.

Autophagy, 2016;12(1):1-222.
PMID: 26799652 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1100356