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Fulltext The naqli and ‘aqli integration in the teachings of community health posting

Dzulhairi, M.R., Zarina, A.R., Nooriah, M.S., Yunus, M.

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2015;14(1):83-86.
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The Community Health Posting teaching module is incorporated in the fourth year medical curriculum at Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM). The integration of Islamic principles and values in the medical curriculum is emphasized during the Community Health Posting. The Community Health curriculum allow students to appreciate and understand the medical and fiqh aspects of health and disease, the social issues in medical practice and research and to inculcate the practice of Islamic professional etiquettes. The teaching module illustrates the relevance of humanities in understanding illness and medical care within the community. Teaching and learning activities include components that enable the students to explore a wide range of influencing factors and how these affect the patients and their families. Issues pertaining to psychosocial and ecological perspectives of the community are also discussed. This posting utilizes various teaching and learning techniques such as lectures, tutorials, seminars, group discussions, educational visits, practical sessions and patient bedside teaching. In addition, the students are equipped with Islamic knowledge through the integration of Naqli and Aqli components in the Community Health Posting curriculum.
Fulltext Gaining insight into patients’ experience of adherence to hypertensive treatment

Lee, K., Yunus, M., Loong, Y. Y., Shamsuddin, A., Zubaidah, J., Rosna, A. R.

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2010;6(2):43-50.
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Hypertension is one of the major risk factors for coronary heart disease and the most important factor for cerebrovascular diseases. Adherence to treatment is a fundamental pre-requisite for therapeutic benefit in hypertensive patients. Adherence is a complex behavioural process that is strongly influenced by the way in which patients live, as well as the psychological and social support system.
Aim: To understand and conceptualize the experience of people on long-term antihypertensive treatment Method: Qualitative analysis using semi-structured interviews with ten hypertensive patients from the medical clinic of Kuala Lumpur General Hospital.
Results: Although the participants were aware of having high blood pressure they declined receiving any treatment at the early stage of the disease. Fear of death and disease complications are reinforcements for participants to adhere to medication. They perceived the label of “hypertension” will affect their self-identity and social role. Positive thinking regarding medication assists participants to adhere to treatment. Conversely, participants who perceived medication negatively also adhere to a medication regime, as adherence behaviour satisfies the family. Participants justified modifying their regimen or taking Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) as they believe know the their body best. However, participants wished to obtain more information regarding hypertension and its treatment from the doctors.
Conclusion: In finding the fine balance between stepping in and holding back treatment and care, health professionals need to know their clients in context. This balance can only be achieved by establishing processes of negotiation within an ongoing therapeutic relationship.

Study site: medical clinic of Kuala Lumpur General Hospital.
Healthcare utilisation among elderly in Malaysia: The mediating role of health literacy

Mohamad Yunus M, Abd Manaf NH, Omar A, Juhdi N

Med J Malaysia, 2021 03;76(2):218-222.
PMID: 33742631

BACKGROUND: The relationship between the sociodemographic characteristics of the older persons and healthcare utilisation is well established. However, the process underlying this relationship is poorly understood particularly in the Malaysian context.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to April in 2016 to examine the mediating effect of health literacy on the relationship between age and healthcare utilisation. A total of 452 older persons were recruited from 14 public hospitals in Malaysia.
RESULTS: The average age of the respondents was 66.69 years old, with an age range between 60 to 105 years. The findings reveal that the relationship between age and healthcare utilisation was mediated by health literacy.
CONCLUSION: The results help to improve the understanding of healthcare utilisation among the older persons in Malaysia, which is beneficial to the healthcare provider and policymakers.
Anaerobic degradation of palm oil mill effluent (POME)

Yoochatchaval W, Kumakura S, Tanikawa D, Yamaguchi T, Yunus MF, Chen SS, et al.

Water Sci Technol, 2011;64(10):2001-8.
PMID: 22105121 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2011.782

The biodegradation characteristics of palm oil mill effluent (POME) and the related microbial community were studied in both actual sequential anaerobic ponds in Malaysia and enrichment cultures. The significant degradation of the POME was observed in the second pond, in which the temperature was 35-37 °C. In this pond, biodegradation of major long chain fatty acids (LCFA), such as palmitic acid (C16:0) and oleic acid (C18:1), was also confirmed. The enrichment culture experiment was conducted with different feeding substrates, i.e. POME, C16:0 and C18:1, at 35 °C. Good recovery of methane indicated biodegradation of feeds in the POME and C16:0 enrichments. The methane production rate of the C18:1 enrichment was slower than other substrates and inhibition of methanogenesis was frequently observed. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analyses indicated the existence of LCFA-degrading bacteria, such as the genus Syntrophus and Syntorophomonas, in all enrichment cultures operated at 35 °C. Anaerobic degradation of the POME under mesophilic conditions was stably processed as compared with thermophilic conditions.
Fulltext Evaluation of the Diagnostic Performance of Recombinant Antigen B1 for Detection of Cystic Echinococcosis Using Lateral Flow Dipstick Test

Noordin R, Khanbabaie S, Hafiznur Yunus M, Marti H, Nickel B, Fasihi Harandi M, et al.

Iran J Parasitol, 2020 10 22;15(3):290-298.
PMID: 33082792 DOI: 10.18502/ijpa.v15i3.4191

Background: Human echinococcosis is a neglected zoonotic disease distributed worldwide. It comprises cystic and alveolar forms, the former being the more prevalent disease. Imaging techniques are the first choice for diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis and serology is used as an additional diagnostic technique in doubtful cases or as the sole test in low-resource settings. Rapid diagnostic tests are useful and convenient for immunodiagnosis of cystic echinococcosis in endemic areas, where medical facilities often struggle with limited resources.
Methods: Recently, we have developed Hyd Rapid™, an IgG4 lateral flow dipstick test using recombinant antigen B1 for detection of cystic echinococcosis. This study was performed between 2016 until 2018 at the Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia. The diagnostic performance of Hyd Rapid™ was tested in-house and at two international laboratories in Switzerland and Iran.
Results: The overall diagnostic sensitivity for detection of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis was 95% (56/59). Meanwhile, the diagnostic specificity, with and without exclusion of cysticercosis and fascioliasis, was 100% (n=48) and 88% (63/72), respectively.
Conclusion: Hyd Rapid™ detected cystic echinococcosis as well as probable cases of alveolar echinococcosis. Therefore, Hyd Rapid™ showed good potential as a serological tool for echinococcosis, and merits further evaluation.
Entamoeba infections and associated risk factors among migrant workers in Peninsular Malaysia

Sahimin N, Yunus MH, Douadi B, Yvonne Lim AL, Noordin R, Behnke JM, et al.

Trop Biomed, 2019 Dec 01;36(4):1014-1026.
PMID: 33597471

The influx of low skilled migrant workers to Malaysia from low socio-economic countries where gastrointestinal parasitic infections are prevalent has raised concerns about transmission to the local population. Three methods for detection (serology, microscopy and molecular techniques) were utilized to identify Entamoeba infections amongst the targeted cohort and determine risk factors associated with infection. Serological screening of 484 migrant workers from five working sectors in Peninsular Malaysia using IgG4 ELISA based on the rPPDK antigen showed an overall seroprevalence of 7.4% (n = 36; CL95 = 5.3-10.1%) with only one factor statistically associated with seropositivity of anti-amoebic antibodies, i.e. years of residence in Malaysia (χ2 1 = 4.007, p = 0.045). Microscopic examination of 388 faecal samples for protozoan cysts and trophozoites showed a slightly higher prevalence (11.6%; n=45; CL95: 8.4-14.8%). Meanwhile, amplification of the 16S rDNA gene detected two species i.e. Entamoeba dispar (23/388; 5.9%; CL95: 3.6-8.3%) and E. histolytica (11/388; 2.8%; CL95: 1.2-4.5%) and mixed infections with both parasites in only three samples (3/388; 0.8%; CL95: 0.2-2.2%). Entamoeba dispar infection was significantly associated with those employed in food and domestic services (χ2 4 = 12.879, p = 0.012). However, none of the factors affected the prevalence of E. histolytica infection. Despite the low prevalence of E. histolytica in faecal samples of the study cohort, the presence of this pathogenic parasite still poses potential public health risks and calls for tighter control strategies based on better availability of chemotherapeutic treatment and accessibility to appropriate health education.
Mandibulotomy: an analysis of its morbidities

Nabil S, Nazimi AJ, Nordin R, Hariri F, Mohamad Yunus MR, Zulkiflee AB

Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2018 Dec;47(12):1511-1518.
PMID: 30837061 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2018.05.020

The mandibulotomy is a procedure that was developed to improve access in tumour resection. This study aimed to investigate the complications associated with mandibulotomy and analyze factors that could affect the risks of developing these complications. The hospital records of all patients who underwent a mandibulotomy as part of their tumour ablative surgery at two major centres in Malaysia were reviewed retrospectively. Demographic, clinical, and complications data were recorded and analyzed. Early postoperative complications occurred in 46.5% of the patients and post-radiation therapy complications in 16.1%. Wound dehiscence (27.9%) and inferior alveolar nerve injury (25.6%) were the common early postoperative complications. Dental injuries (9.7%) and plate exposure/infection (9.7%) were the common post-radiation therapy complications. Furthermore, inferior alveolar nerve injury and early abscess formation were significantly associated with the site of the mandibulotomy. The T-stage of a tumour but not the site of mandibulotomy was significantly associated with tumour margin clearance. Mandibulotomy does pose an added risk of complications for a patient undergoing tumour surgery. The benefits of mandibulotomy in terms of gaining margin clearance could not be proven in this study. The site of mandibulotomy appears to increase the risk of developing an inferior alveolar nerve injury.
Obstructive sleep apnea among express bus drivers in Malaysia: important indicators for screening

Yusoff MF, Baki MM, Mohamed N, Mohamed AS, Yunus MR, Ami M, et al.

Traffic Inj Prev, 2010 Dec;11(6):594-9.
PMID: 21128189 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2010.505255

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been identified as one of the significant risk factors for motor vehicle crashes (MVCs). In the interest of public safety, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of OSA and its associated factors among express bus drivers in Malaysia. Identifying factors or conditions related with OSA is very important because they can be used as indicators to subject a person to a confirmatory diagnosis using polysomnography testing.
Effect of glutamine, glucose unhidrate and Moringa oleifera on blood lymphocytes in white mice (Rattus Novergicus) Wistar strain, following induction of a proteinenergy- deficient diet

Katmawanti S, Yunus M, Kurniawan AW, Sulistyorini A, Fauzi R, Supriyadi S, et al.

J Public Health Afr, 2022 Dec 07;13(Suppl 2):2418.
PMID: 37497140 DOI: 10.4081/jphia.2022.2418

The aim of this research was studied the influence of giving Glutamine, Glucose Unhydrate and Moringa oleifera the blood lymphocyte of white rat (Rattus novergicus) Strain Wistar that was induced with protein energy malnutrtion (PEM). This was an experimental study with Completely Random Design, sample was white rats in PEM induced with parched rice for 15 days and those with normal diet with total 30 sample. The concluded is that there was a significant difference in the blood lymphocytes of white rats (Rattus novergicus) Strain Wistar gived glumorry with sig. (0.000) and glutamin + glucose unhydrate with sig. (0.001), while in the group gived Moringa oleifera there was no significant difference with sig. (0.076). Glumorry intervention has the highest level of significance by 19,2382 × 103/mm3 compared to all treatment groups. This suggests that the glumorry (Glucose Unhydrate, Glutamine, and Moringa oleifera) intervention successfully increased the lymphocyte count higher in the study sample with PEM condition compared to the group that was only given Glucose Unhidrat + Glutamine and the group that was only given Moringa Oleifera.